专题01 语法归纳：不定代词、反身代词、情态动词、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材人教版

专题01 语法归纳（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 不定代词、反身代词、情态动词、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 语法选择、完形填空、完成句子等 情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 知识点01 不定代词 一、不定代词 定义：不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词如下： 类别 肯定意义的不定代词 both, all, many, much, one, other, each, either, others, the other(s), a few, a little, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything 否定意义的不定代词 neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little 功能 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语 二、重点不定代词 1. some 与 any （1）都表示“一些，几个”。some 通常用于肯定句中，any 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 例句： —Are there any boys on the playground? 操场上有一些男生吗？ —No, there aren’t. There are some girls. 不，没有。有一些女生。 （2）在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用 some。 例句：Would you like some beef? 你想要一些牛肉吗？ （3）any 也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。 例句：I can see you at any time on Monday. 星期一任何时间我都能见你。 2. all, none, both, either 与 neither 单词 范围 含义 共同点 both 两者 表示“（两者）都”。 （1）均可作主语或作主语的限定语（none 除外）。其中 both 与 all 的谓语为复数形式，其他为单数形式。（2）都可与 of 连用，其后常跟名词或代词复数，表示“……中的……”。 either 表示“（两者中的）任何一个”。 neither 表示“（两者）都不”。 all 三者或 三者以上 表示“（三者或三者以上）都”。 any 表示“（三者或三者以上中的）任何一个”，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。 none 表示“（三者或三者以上）都不”。 3. other, the other, others, the others, another other 常做限定词使用，“其他的；另外的”，后接可数名词复数或者不可数名词。 the other 特指“两者中的另一个”，“一个……另一个……”：one...the other... others 泛指“其他”，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。others=other+名词复数;“一些……其他……”：some...others the others 指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，余下的人或物的全部。特指“其余的，其余全部”，“一些……其余全部……”：some...the others... another 泛指“（三者及以上中的）另一个/再一个”，接可数名词单数；another+数词+可数名词复数 4. few, a few, little, a little few +可数名词 几乎没有（否定意义） a few 有几个（肯定意义） little +不可数名词 几乎没有（否定意义） a little 有一点（肯定意义） 5. every 与 each 代词 词性 意义 用法 与 of 搭配 在句子中的功能 every 仅作限定词 强调整体 不可单独使用，用于三者或三者以上中的每个人或物。 不可 定语 each 可作限定词 或代词 强调个体 可单独使用，用于两者或两者以上中的每个人或物。 可 主语、宾语、定语、同位语 6. 复合不定代词 （1）由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词（something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果有形容词修饰，该形容词应放在复合不定代词之后。 例句：Everything goes well. 一切都很好。 Is there anything interesting to share? 有什么有趣的事情可以分享吗？ （2）some-和 any-类复合不定代词的用法同 some, any 的用法。some 类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，但也用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。any-类复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，但也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何人或物”。 例句：Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃点什么吗？ 知识点02 反身代词 一． 反身代词的分类 　　反身代词即人称代词的反身形式。它所指代的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调的作用。反身代词的分类如下: 　数 人称　　 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 二． 反身代词的用法 用法 例句 作及物动 词(短语) 的宾语　 经常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 introduce、dress、 express、 help、 look after等后面。 Daniel teaches himself Japanese now.丹尼尔现在在自学日语。 作介词 的宾语 用在介词by、 to、 for等后面。 Lily bought a skirt for herself yesterday.莉莉昨天给自己买了一条短裙。 作同位语 作主语或宾语的同位语时,起强调作用,意为"本人,本身,亲自"。 He himself is a teacher.他本人就是一名教师。 You'd better ask your sister herself.你最好去问问你姐姐本人。 常见的含有反身代词的短语： 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 teach oneself 自学　　　　　　learn…by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独立地,独自 help oneself to… 自己取(食物等) take care of oneself 照顾自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己 lose oneself in… 沉迷于…… introduce oneself 自我介绍 dress oneself给自己穿衣服 知识点03 情态动词 (一)定义 情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点.情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它必须和表示动作或状态的不带to的不定式(ought除外)连用,构成复合谓语.情态动词只有情态意义,即它表示说话人对动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等.情态动词主要有:can(could),may(might),must, ought to, need, dare(dared), have to(had to).此外shall, will, should, would在一定场合下也可用作情态动词. (二)不同情态动词的相关用法： 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. There is someone outside — who can it be? 【知识拓展】 1. can/could的问句，在提出请求或征求许可的情况下肯定回答用OK!/Sure!/Of course.否定回答用Sorry;其他情况的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can/could；否定回答用No, ...can’t/could。 —Can/Could you please clean the room? —OK!/Sure!/Yes, I can. /Sorry, I can’t..... —Can/Could I watch TV for one hour? —OK!/Sure!/Yes, you can. /Sorry, you can’t —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can. /No, I can’t —Could you play the piano in the past? —Yes, I could. /No, I couldn’t 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter? —Yes, you may. 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. She might be very busy now. 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? —Yes, you may. /No, you can’t/mustn’t. 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，may not/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 The young people might not like the idea. It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. He must be eighty now. 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? —Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. They will have to leave tomorrow morning. will 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂ If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等 Will you have dinner with me tonight? 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂ Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂；would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to sing a song? I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. should 用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 We should protect the earth. 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ How should I know? need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? —Yes, he must. /No , he needn’t. have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 知识点04 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及 部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest hard→harder→ hardest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和 部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful quickly→more quickly→most quickly (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far further furthest farther farthest old older oldest elder eldest 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二． 比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意:比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若改词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,但副词的the可省略，后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。 Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? ②常用结构"one of the+最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ③序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三． 含有最高级的结构与含有比较级的结构之间的转换 "the+最高级+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)" China is the largest country in Asia. =China is larger than any other country in Asia. =China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意:"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else." ="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 2，"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。, 知识点05 as...as的用法 一． as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is as large as that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies as hard as his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"和……不一样,不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm not as/so tall as him. 我没有他高。 二． not as/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换 "not as/so...as"结构意为 "不及,不如……",也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving. =Cycling is less dangerous than diving. =Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister. =Jim runs more slowly than my sister. =My sister runs faster than Jim.吉姆没有我妹妹跑得快。 基础通关 一、单项选择 1．Lifelong learning is very useful because it brings ________ every day. A．something old B．something new C．anything new D．anything old 2．On weekends, we like to go ________ to relax. A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere 3．—Would you like ________ to drink?—No, thanks. I don’t want to drink ________. A．something; nothing B．anything; everything C．something; anything D．anything; something 4．— Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?— No. There is ________. A．anything special; something new B．special anything; new nothing C．special something; nothing new D．anything special; nothing new 5．—Did you enjoy ________ at the party last night, Lisa? —Yes! I danced and sang with my friends. It was wonderful. A．yourself B．yourselves C．myself D．ourselves 6．—________ you kindly help me arrange the furniture for the family gathering? —Of course! I’ll do it right away. A．Must B．Should C．Could D．Need 7．I’m new here, so I have ________ good friends. I want to spend ________ time making some good ones. A．few; a little B．few; little C．a few; a little D．a little; a few 8．—Wow! It is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I couldn’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．the; a C．a; a D．a; the 9．—Mom, ________ I invite my friends to a party?—Sorry, you ________. You have a test on Monday. A．could; couldn’t B．could; can’t C．can; don’t have to 10．—________ I join the volunteer program on weekends?—Of course you can. A．Could B．Must C．Should D．Would 11．I enclosed a photo of ________ and some of my school friends. Can you send me ________? A．I; you B．my; your C．me; your D．myself, yours 12．We should be strict (严格) with ________ but be friendly to others. A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．yourselves 13．Canada is larger than ________ in Asia. A．any other country B．other countries C．the other country D．any country 14．Now we have ________ homework and ________ free time than last term. A．less; more B．fewer; less C．more; fewer D．less; fewer 15．Emily is my ________ sister and she is two years ________ than me. But she is as ________ as I. A．older, older, tall B．older, elder, taller C．elder, older, tall D．elder, elder, taller 16．—The apple pies here taste ________ than those from anywhere else.   —Yes. But it will be better if they are ________. A.better; more expensive B．worse; more expensive C．better; less expensive D．worse; less expensive 17．________ careful you are, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The less, the less B．The less, the fewer C．The more, the less D．The more, the fewer 18．—What do you think of Jim’s schoolwork? —His schoolwork is better than ________ in his class. A.any classmate’s B．any other classmate’s C．the other classmates D．other classmates’ 19．I think Mount Taishan is not only ________ than the other mountains in Shandong, but also ________ of all. A．higher; the most beautiful B．the highest; more beautiful C．high; the most beautiful D．higher; more beautiful 20．Shanghai isn’t so large ________ Nanjing. However, it’s the second ________ city in population in China. A．as, largest B．like, largest C．as, larger D．as, large 重难点突破 二、完形填空 Some people like to live in small towns, while others choose to live in big cities. Which place would you like to live in? I enjoy the life in a small town. Why do I 21 a small town? There are some reasons. I like quiet life. A small town is the best place for living quietly and 22 . And I’m able to enjoy the 23 air. The most comfortable thing for me is that I can hear the 24 of birds every morning when I wake up. It’s easy to go anywhere 25 different places are not far from each other. For example, when I want to go to the supermarket, I don’t have to drive there. It is 26 my house. By the way, of all the supermarkets, I like Convenient Life best. It has the cheapest food, and that makes me 27 much money. I also have to say that small towns are better for families. 28 knows and cares about each other there. I have two kids, and I 29 worry about them when they go to their friends’ homes. Small towns have 30 pollution (污染). This is another good point. I think a small town is the best for me. 21．A．dislike B．give C．decide D．choose 22．A．carefully B．comfortably C．clearly D．differently 23．A．fresh B．thin C．cheap D．terrible 24．A．ideas B．dances C．songs D．foods 25．A．though B．because C．and D．but 26．A．far from B．similar to C．close to D．the same as 27．A．spend B．use C．get D．save 28．A．Everybody B．Someone C．Anything D．Nothing 29．A．always B．never C．often D．sometimes 30．A．new B．more C．less D．old 三、语法选择 A little girl thought she didn’t have a nice look, and nobody liked her. So she was always unhappy. She didn’t want to go out to play. She didn’t like to talk to others, 31 . One day, her mother had 32 idea that might help her. She gave the girl a beautiful hair clip (夹子). When she wore it, she looked 33 than before. Her mother said, “How about 34 it to school today?” The girl thought a few minutes. Finally, she decided to go to school 35 the hair clip. On her way to school, she found someone smiled at her and most of her classmates said “hello” to her, but this never happened before. 36 happy the girl felt! She thought that the beautiful hair clip brought the wonderful things to her. Although all her classmates tried 37 what happened to her, she didn’t want to tell them about her hair clip. When she went back home after school, her mother asked her, “Did you know you lost 38 hair clip? I found it at home this morning.” She knew she didn’t wear the hair clip to school at all. It’s not important what she wears or how she 39 . The most important thing is the way she thinks about herself. After that, she often says to herself, “ 40 I want to do something successfully, I should be confident (自信的) first.” 31．A．too B．also C．either D．neither 32．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 33．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful 34．A．wear B．wearing C．to wear D．worn 35．A．of B．for C．with D．to 36．A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 37．A．know B．to know C．known D．to knowing 38．A．you B．yours C．your D．yourselves 39．A．looks B．looked C．is looking D．was looking 40．A．After B．If C．So D．Because 四、完成句子 41．这个暑假你去什么特别的地方了吗?（英译汉） Did you go this summer vacation? 42．I didn’t do anything meaningful last year. (同义句) I meaningful last year. 43．I can go to the movies with my friends this evening. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) — to the movies with your friends this evening? — , . 44．please, you, fish, balcony, the, could, on, the, feed. （连词成句） ? 45．Nancy’s school is smaller than Tomoya’s. (同义句) Nancy’s school is Tomoya’s. 46．Nancy’s school has fewer students than most schools. (同义句) Most schools have than Nancy’s school. 47．北京是中国最大的城市之一。（汉译英） Beijing is cities in China. 48．Betty is slimmer than any other girl in her class. (同义句) Betty is girl in her class. 49．This question is easier than that one. (同义句) This question is that one. 50．Nothing is more important than health. (同义句) Health is of all. 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Dear Miss King, I am a fat girl with a round face, so some of my classmates named me “Little Fatty”. I am not confident about my looks. Do you think having good looks is important for a middle school student? Sally Dear Sally, Our looks do influence what others think of us and how we feel about ourselves. But the looks are not the most important thing in our life. What you said makes me think of myself. When I was your age, I was never confident because of my looks. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair... At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I felt very unhappy. However, someone told me something that I would always remember. It was in March. A group of girls pointed at me and laughed at my looks at a break. I couldn’t help crying. Tears quietly ran down my face. To my surprise, someone wiped (擦) the tears from my eyes. I then knew it was our English teacher Jenny. She said, “You are perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People accept you for who you are. But if you can’t accept yourself, then how will other people accept you?” Her words encouraged me a lot. And later I knew that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws (缺陷). From then on, I became happy and helpful. Now, I have wonderful friends who love me for who I am. So now, do you feel better after hearing my story? Remember that your looks are the best gift from your parents. You are wonderful just the way you are! Miss King 51．What does Sally look like? 52．How did Miss King feel about her looks when she was Sally’s age? 53．What did the group of girls do to Miss King? 54．Who is Jenny? 55．According to Jenny, what do we need to do if we hope other people accept us? 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法归纳（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 不定代词、反身代词、情态动词、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 语法选择、完形填空、完成句子等 情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 知识点01 不定代词 一、不定代词 定义：不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词如下： 类别 肯定意义的不定代词 both, all, many, much, one, other, each, either, others, the other(s), a few, a little, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything 否定意义的不定代词 neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little 功能 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语 二、重点不定代词 1. some 与 any （1）都表示“一些，几个”。some 通常用于肯定句中，any 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 例句： —Are there any boys on the playground? 操场上有一些男生吗？ —No, there aren’t. There are some girls. 不，没有。有一些女生。 （2）在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用 some。 例句：Would you like some beef? 你想要一些牛肉吗？ （3）any 也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。 例句：I can see you at any time on Monday. 星期一任何时间我都能见你。 2. all, none, both, either 与 neither 单词 范围 含义 共同点 both 两者 表示“（两者）都”。 （1）均可作主语或作主语的限定语（none 除外）。其中 both 与 all 的谓语为复数形式，其他为单数形式。（2）都可与 of 连用，其后常跟名词或代词复数，表示“……中的……”。 either 表示“（两者中的）任何一个”。 neither 表示“（两者）都不”。 all 三者或 三者以上 表示“（三者或三者以上）都”。 any 表示“（三者或三者以上中的）任何一个”，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。 none 表示“（三者或三者以上）都不”。 3. other, the other, others, the others, another other 常做限定词使用，“其他的；另外的”，后接可数名词复数或者不可数名词。 the other 特指“两者中的另一个”，“一个……另一个……”：one...the other... others 泛指“其他”，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。others=other+名词复数;“一些……其他……”：some...others the others 指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，余下的人或物的全部。特指“其余的，其余全部”，“一些……其余全部……”：some...the others... another 泛指“（三者及以上中的）另一个/再一个”，接可数名词单数；another+数词+可数名词复数 4. few, a few, little, a little few +可数名词 几乎没有（否定意义） a few 有几个（肯定意义） little +不可数名词 几乎没有（否定意义） a little 有一点（肯定意义） 5. every 与 each 代词 词性 意义 用法 与 of 搭配 在句子中的功能 every 仅作限定词 强调整体 不可单独使用，用于三者或三者以上中的每个人或物。 不可 定语 each 可作限定词 或代词 强调个体 可单独使用，用于两者或两者以上中的每个人或物。 可 主语、宾语、定语、同位语 6. 复合不定代词 （1）由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词（something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果有形容词修饰，该形容词应放在复合不定代词之后。 例句：Everything goes well. 一切都很好。 Is there anything interesting to share? 有什么有趣的事情可以分享吗？ （2）some-和 any-类复合不定代词的用法同 some, any 的用法。some 类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，但也用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。any-类复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，但也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何人或物”。 例句：Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃点什么吗？ 知识点02 反身代词 一． 反身代词的分类 　　反身代词即人称代词的反身形式。它所指代的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调的作用。反身代词的分类如下: 　数 人称　　 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 二． 反身代词的用法 用法 例句 作及物动 词(短语) 的宾语　 经常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 introduce、dress、 express、 help、 look after等后面。 Daniel teaches himself Japanese now.丹尼尔现在在自学日语。 作介词 的宾语 用在介词by、 to、 for等后面。 Lily bought a skirt for herself yesterday.莉莉昨天给自己买了一条短裙。 作同位语 作主语或宾语的同位语时,起强调作用,意为"本人,本身,亲自"。 He himself is a teacher.他本人就是一名教师。 You'd better ask your sister herself.你最好去问问你姐姐本人。 常见的含有反身代词的短语： 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 teach oneself 自学　　　　　　learn…by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独立地,独自 help oneself to… 自己取(食物等) take care of oneself 照顾自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己 lose oneself in… 沉迷于…… introduce oneself 自我介绍 dress oneself给自己穿衣服 知识点03 情态动词 (一)定义 情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点.情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它必须和表示动作或状态的不带to的不定式(ought除外)连用,构成复合谓语.情态动词只有情态意义,即它表示说话人对动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等.情态动词主要有:can(could),may(might),must, ought to, need, dare(dared), have to(had to).此外shall, will, should, would在一定场合下也可用作情态动词. (二)不同情态动词的相关用法： 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. There is someone outside — who can it be? 【知识拓展】 1. can/could的问句，在提出请求或征求许可的情况下肯定回答用OK!/Sure!/Of course.否定回答用Sorry;其他情况的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can/could；否定回答用No, ...can’t/could。 —Can/Could you please clean the room? —OK!/Sure!/Yes, I can. /Sorry, I can’t..... —Can/Could I watch TV for one hour? —OK!/Sure!/Yes, you can. /Sorry, you can’t —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can. /No, I can’t —Could you play the piano in the past? —Yes, I could. /No, I couldn’t 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter? —Yes, you may. 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. She might be very busy now. 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? —Yes, you may. /No, you can’t/mustn’t. 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，may not/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 The young people might not like the idea. It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. He must be eighty now. 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? —Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. They will have to leave tomorrow morning. will 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂ If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等 Will you have dinner with me tonight? 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂ Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂；would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to sing a song? I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. should 用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 We should protect the earth. 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ How should I know? need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? —Yes, he must. /No , he needn’t. have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 知识点04 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及 部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest hard→harder→ hardest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和 部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful quickly→more quickly→most quickly (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far further furthest farther farthest old older oldest elder eldest 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二． 比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意:比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若改词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,但副词的the可省略，后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。 Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? ②常用结构"one of the+最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ③序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三． 含有最高级的结构与含有比较级的结构之间的转换 "the+最高级+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)" China is the largest country in Asia. =China is larger than any other country in Asia. =China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意:"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else." ="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 2，"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。, 知识点05 as...as的用法 一． as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is as large as that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies as hard as his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"和……不一样,不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm not as/so tall as him. 我没有他高。 二． not as/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换 "not as/so...as"结构意为 "不及,不如……",也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving. =Cycling is less dangerous than diving. =Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister. =Jim runs more slowly than my sister. =My sister runs faster than Jim.吉姆没有我妹妹跑得快。 基础通关 一、单项选择 1．Lifelong learning is very useful because it brings ________ every day. A．something old B．something new C．anything new D．anything old 【答案】B 【详解】句意：终身学习是非常有用的，因为它每天都会带来一些新的东西。考查不定代词。something old一些旧的东西；something new一些新的东西；anything new任何新的东西；anything old任何旧的东西。根据“Lifelong learning is very useful”可知终身学习很有用，所以它每天会带来新的东西，“something”常用于肯定句，“anything”常用于否定句和疑问句，此句是肯定句，用“something new”。故选B。 2．On weekends, we like to go ________ to relax. A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在周末，我们喜欢去某个地方放松。考查副词辨析。somewhere某地；anywhere任何地方；nowhere没地方；everywhere每个地方。根据“we like to go...to relax”可知，是去某个地方放松。故选A。 3．—Would you like ________ to drink?—No, thanks. I don’t want to drink ________. A．something; nothing B．anything; everything C．something; anything D．anything; something 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不，谢谢。我什么也不想喝。考查不定代词的用法。something用于肯定句或表示委婉请求的疑问句中；anything一般用于否定句或疑问句中；nothing没什么；everything一切。根据“Would you like … to drink?”可知，第一空是表示委婉请求的疑问句，应填something；根据“don’t want”可知，第二空为否定句，应填anything。故选C。 4．— Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?— No. There is ________. A．anything special; something new B．special anything; new nothing C．special something; nothing new D．anything special; nothing new 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今天的报纸上有什么特别的事吗？——不。没有什么新鲜事。考查复合不定代词辨析和形容词修饰复合不定代词。anything任何事，用在否定句和疑问句；something一些事，用在肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句；nothing没有什么。根据“Is there...in today’s newspaper”为并非希望得到肯定回答的疑问句可知，第一空应填anything，而由回答“No”可知应是没有什么，而形容词修饰复合不定代词需要后置，故选D。 5．—Did you enjoy ________ at the party last night, Lisa? —Yes! I danced and sang with my friends. It was wonderful. A．yourself B．yourselves C．myself D．ourselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你昨晚在聚会上玩得开心吗，丽莎? ——是的！我和朋友们一起唱歌跳舞。太棒了。 考查反身代词辨析。yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己；myself我自己；ourselves我们自己。根据“Did you enjoy...at the party last night, Lisa?”可知，此处是询问丽莎玩得是否开心，丽莎是一个人，应用yourself。故选A。 6．—________ you kindly help me arrange the furniture for the family gathering? —Of course! I’ll do it right away. A．Must B．Should C．Could D．Need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能好心地帮我为家庭聚会布置一下家具吗？——当然！我马上就做。考查情态动词辨析。Must必须；Should应该；Could能够，用于礼貌地请求；Need需要。根据答语“Of course! I’ll do it right away.”可知，此处是礼貌地请求对方帮忙，应用“Could”引导疑问句表示委婉语气。故选C。 7．I’m new here, so I have ________ good friends. I want to spend ________ time making some good ones. A．few; a little B．few; little C．a few; a little D．a little; a few 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我是新来的，所以我没有好朋友。我想花一点时间交一些好朋友。考查不定代词辨析。few少到几乎没有，修饰复数名词；a few几个，修饰复数名词；a little一点儿，修饰不可数名词；little少到几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“I’m new here”可知，说话人是新来的，所以没有交到好朋友，应用表示否定意义的不定代词few来修饰复数名词friends；根据“I want to spend”可知，因为没有好朋友，所以要花一点儿时间来交朋友，因此应用表示肯定意义的不定代词a little来修饰不可数名词time。故选A。 8．—Wow! It is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I couldn’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．the; a C．a; a D．a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哇！这是我看过的最好的电影。——我完全同意。我以前从未看过更好的一部。考查冠词用法。第一空，根据“best film I have ever seen”可知，“best”是形容词最高级，前面要用定冠词“the”；第二空，“a better one”表示“一部更好的（电影）”，用不定冠词“a”表泛指。故选B。 9．—Mom, ________ I invite my friends to a party?—Sorry, you ________. You have a test on Monday. A．could; couldn’t B．could; can’t C．can; don’t have to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以邀请我的朋友参加聚会吗？——抱歉，不可以。你周一有考试。考查情态动词。could可以；can可以；couldn’t不可以；can’t不可以；don’t have to不必。根据“Mom...I invite my friends to a party?”可知，此处表示请求，could是can的委婉形式，常用于征求许可，“Could I...?”比“Can I...?”更礼貌，符合孩子对妈妈说话的场景，所以第一空应选could；根据“Sorry”可知，妈妈拒绝了孩子的请求，应用can’t表示妈妈的拒绝态度。故选B。 10．—________ I join the volunteer program on weekends?—Of course you can. A．Could B．Must C．Should D．Would 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我可以在周末参加志愿者项目吗？——你当然可以。考查情态动词。Could可以；Must必须；Should应该；Would将会。根据答句“Of course you can.”可知，此处应是询问是否可以参加志愿者项目，用情态动词could表示请求许可。故选A。 11．I enclosed a photo of ________ and some of my school friends. Can you send me ________? A．I; you B．my; your C．me; your D．myself, yours 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我附上了一张我自己和我的一些学校朋友的照片。你能把你的发给我吗？考查代词辨析。I我；my我的；me我；myself我自己；you你；your你的；yours你的。第一个空处位于介词of后，作宾语，排除“I”（人称代词主格），且空后没有名词，可排除“my”（形容词性物主代词）；根据“Can you send me …?”的语境可知，此处指“发送你的照片”，空后无名词，应用名词性物主代词yours。故选D。 12．We should be strict (严格) with ________ but be friendly to others. A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们对自己要严格，对别人要友好。考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；yourself你自己；ourselves我们自己；yourselves你们自己。根据“We should be strict (严格) with ...”可知，我们应该对我们自己严厉，此处应用ourselves。故选C。 13．Canada is larger than ________ in Asia. A．any other country B．other countries C．the other country D．any country 【答案】D 【详解】句意：加拿大比亚洲的任何国家都大。考查比较级用法。any other country用于同一范围内的比较；other countries缺少比较范围限定；the other country指两者中的另一个；any country适用于不同范围的比较。根据“Canada is larger than...in Asia.”可知加拿大与亚洲国家对比，是不同范围。故选D。 14．Now we have ________ homework and ________ free time than last term. A．less; more B．fewer; less C．more; fewer D．less; fewer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在我们比上学期有更少的作业和更多的空闲时间。考查形容词比较级。less更少的，修饰不可数名词；more更多的，修饰可数名词或不可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词。根据“Now we have ... homework and ... free time than last term”可知，此处表示“现在有更少的作业，更多的空闲时间”；homework“家庭作业”，不可数名词，用less修饰；free time“空闲时间”，不可数名词，用more修饰。故选A。 15．Emily is my ________ sister and she is two years ________ than me. But she is as ________ as I. A．older, older, tall B．older, elder, taller C．elder, older, tall D．elder, elder, taller 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Emily是我的姐姐，她比我大两岁。但她和我一样高。考查形容词辨析及形容词等级。elder年长的，常作定语；older更年长的；tall高的。空一根据“...sister”可知，此处缺少定语，“elder sister”表示“姐姐”；空二根据“is two years...than”可知，此处表示“大两岁”，用“older”；空三根据“as .... as”可知，表示“和……一样……”，中间用形容词原级，用“tall”。故选C。 16．—The apple pies here taste ________ than those from anywhere else.   —Yes. But it will be better if they are ________. A.better; more expensive B．worse; more expensive C．better; less expensive D．worse; less expensive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这里的苹果派尝起来比别处的更好。——是的。但如果它们更便宜，会更好。考查形容词比较级辨析。better更好；worse更差；more expensive更贵；less expensive更便宜。根据语境，第一空，答语“Yes”表示同意前一句的观点，因此苹果派的味道应比别处更好，所以用“better”；第二空，由“But”转折可知，尽管味道好，但希望价格更便宜，这样会更好，所以用“less expensive”。故选C。 17．________ careful you are, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The less, the less B．The less, the fewer C．The more, the less D．The more, the fewer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你越细心，犯的错误就越少。考查“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”结构。根据题干可知，此处应表示“你越细心，犯的错误就越少”，应用“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”结构表示“越……就越……”。careful的比较级是more careful“更细心的”；第二空后的“mistakes”是复数名词，应使用fewer修饰。故选D。 18．—What do you think of Jim’s schoolwork? —His schoolwork is better than ________ in his class. A.any classmate’s B．any other classmate’s C．the other classmates D．other classmates’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得吉姆的功课怎么样？——他的功课比班上其他任何同学的都好。考查比较级用法。当主语（Jim）与同类（his classmates）比较时，需用“any other+名词”排除自身，表示“其他任何一个”。故选B。 19．I think Mount Taishan is not only ________ than the other mountains in Shandong, but also ________ of all. A．higher; the most beautiful B．the highest; more beautiful C．high; the most beautiful D．higher; more beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为泰山不仅比山东的其他山高，而且也是最美丽的山。考查形容词比较级和最高级。high高的，形容词原级；higher较高的，形容词比较级；the highest最高的，形容词最高级；more beautiful更美丽的，形容词比较级；the most beautiful最美丽的，形容词最高级。第一空，根据“than”可知，此处应填形容词比较级，排除B项和C项；根据“of all”可知，此处应填形容词最高级，排除D项。故选A。 20．Shanghai isn’t so large ________ Nanjing. However, it’s the second ________ city in population in China. A．as, largest B．like, largest C．as, larger D．as, large 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上海没有南京大。然而，它是中国人口第二大城市。考查固定搭配和形容词最高级。as正如；like像；largest最大的（最高级）；larger更大的（比较级）。根据“Shanghai isn’t so large...Nanjing.”可知，此处应用“not so...as”结构，表示“不如……”；根据“it’s the second...city in population in China”可知，此处应用“序数词+最高级”结构。故选A。 重难点突破 二、完形填空 Some people like to live in small towns, while others choose to live in big cities. Which place would you like to live in? I enjoy the life in a small town. Why do I 21 a small town? There are some reasons. I like quiet life. A small town is the best place for living quietly and 22 . And I’m able to enjoy the 23 air. The most comfortable thing for me is that I can hear the 24 of birds every morning when I wake up. It’s easy to go anywhere 25 different places are not far from each other. For example, when I want to go to the supermarket, I don’t have to drive there. It is 26 my house. By the way, of all the supermarkets, I like Convenient Life best. It has the cheapest food, and that makes me 27 much money. I also have to say that small towns are better for families. 28 knows and cares about each other there. I have two kids, and I 29 worry about them when they go to their friends’ homes. Small towns have 30 pollution (污染). This is another good point. I think a small town is the best for me. 21．A．dislike B．give C．decide D．choose 22．A．carefully B．comfortably C．clearly D．differently 23．A．fresh B．thin C．cheap D．terrible 24．A．ideas B．dances C．songs D．foods 25．A．though B．because C．and D．but 26．A．far from B．similar to C．close to D．the same as 27．A．spend B．use C．get D．save 28．A．Everybody B．Someone C．Anything D．Nothing 29．A．always B．never C．often D．sometimes 30．A．new B．more C．less D．old 【答案】21—25 DBACB 26—30 CDABC 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章概述了作者偏爱小城镇生活的原因，包括宁静的环境、新鲜的空气、便利的交通、低廉的生活成本、紧密的社区关系和较少的污染，认为小城镇是最适合自己的居住地。 21．句意：为什么我选择小镇？ dislike不喜欢；give给予；decide决定；choose选择。根据“I enjoy the life in a small town.”以及“There are some reasons.”可知，作者喜欢在小城镇生活，以及下文给出了理由，因此这里应该是问为什么选择小镇。故选D。 22．句意：小镇是安静舒适生活的绝佳地方。 carefully仔细地；comfortably舒适地；clearly清晰地；differently不同地。根据“The most comfortable thing for me...”可知，在小镇生活是很舒适的。故选B。 23．句意：而且我能享受到新鲜的空气。 fresh新鲜的；thin薄的，瘦的；cheap便宜的；terrible糟糕的。根据“I enjoy the life in a small town.”以及“A small town is the best place for living quietly and comfortably.”可知，小镇的生活安静舒适，作者很享受，因此这里的空气应是清新的。故选A。 24．句意：对我来说最舒适的事情是，我可以在每天早上醒来时听到鸟儿的歌声。 ideas想法；dances舞蹈；songs歌曲；foods食物。根据“hear the ... of birds every morning when I wake up.”可知，此处指听到鸟儿的歌声。故选C。 25．句意：去任何地方都很容易，因为不同的地方彼此都不远。 though尽管；because因为；and和；but但是。根据“It’s easy to go anywhere”和“different places are not far from each other.”是两个结构完成的句子，中间缺连词，前后是因果关系。故选B。 26．句意：它离我家很近。 far from远离；similar to与……相似；close to靠近；the same as和……一样。根据“I don’t have to drive there.”可知，不需要开车就能到，说明距离很近。故选C。 27．句意：它的食物最便宜，这让我节省了很多钱。 spend花费；use使用；get得到；save节省。根据“It has the cheapest food...”可知，那里的食物是最便宜的，因此可以省钱。故选D。 28．句意：那里每个人都互相认识并关心对方。 Everybody每个人；Someone某人；Anything任何事物；Nothing没有什么。根据“I also have to say that small towns are better for families. ...knows and cares about each other there.”可知，小镇里每个人都相互关心。故选A。 29．句意：我有两个孩子，当他们去朋友家时，我从不担心他们。 always总是；never从不；often经常；sometimes有时。根据“Everybody knows and cares about each other there.”可知，每个人都互相了解和关心，所以孩子们去朋友家时，并不需要担心。故选B。 30．句意：小镇污染较少。 new新的；more更多的；less更少的；old老的，旧的。根据“Small towns have ... pollution (污染). This is another good point.”可知，小镇的污染应该更少，才会是另一个优点。故选C。 三、语法选择 A little girl thought she didn’t have a nice look, and nobody liked her. So she was always unhappy. She didn’t want to go out to play. She didn’t like to talk to others, 31 . One day, her mother had 32 idea that might help her. She gave the girl a beautiful hair clip (夹子). When she wore it, she looked 33 than before. Her mother said, “How about 34 it to school today?” The girl thought a few minutes. Finally, she decided to go to school 35 the hair clip. On her way to school, she found someone smiled at her and most of her classmates said “hello” to her, but this never happened before. 36 happy the girl felt! She thought that the beautiful hair clip brought the wonderful things to her. Although all her classmates tried 37 what happened to her, she didn’t want to tell them about her hair clip. When she went back home after school, her mother asked her, “Did you know you lost 38 hair clip? I found it at home this morning.” She knew she didn’t wear the hair clip to school at all. It’s not important what she wears or how she 39 . The most important thing is the way she thinks about herself. After that, she often says to herself, “ 40 I want to do something successfully, I should be confident (自信的) first.” 31．A．too B．also C．either D．neither 32．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 33．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful 34．A．wear B．wearing C．to wear D．worn 35．A．of B．for C．with D．to 36．A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 37．A．know B．to know C．known D．to knowing 38．A．you B．yours C．your D．yourselves 39．A．looks B．looked C．is looking D．was looking 40．A．After B．If C．So D．Because 【答案】31—35 CBBBC 36—40 ABCAB 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小女孩一开始很在意自己的外貌，后来在学校的时候，很多人都对她微笑，自此以后她明白：我们穿什么、长得什么样并不重要。 31．句意：她也不喜欢和别人说话。 too也，用于肯定句句末；also也，用于句中；either也，用于否定句句末；neither两者都不。根据“She didn’t want to go out to play.”可知表示也不喜欢和别人说话，否定句句末，用either。故选C。 32．句意：有一天，她的母亲想到了一个可能会帮助她的主意。 a不定冠词表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指；/不填。此处泛指“一个主意”，idea以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故选B。 33．句意：当她戴上它时，她看起来比以前更漂亮了。 beautiful漂亮的，形容词原级；more beautiful更漂亮的，形容词比较级；most beautiful最漂亮的，形容词最高级；the most beautiful最漂亮的，the+形容词最高级。根据“than”可知用形容词比较级。故选B。 34．句意：今天戴它去学校怎么样？ wear穿，动词原形；wearing动名词或现在分词；to wear动词不定式；worn动词过去分词。how about doing sth.?“做某事怎么样？”，是固定句型。故选B。 35．句意：最后，她决定带着发夹去上学。 of……的；for为了；with带着；to朝。根据“to go to school ... the hair clip”可推出是带着发夹去上学，用with符合语境。故选C。 36．句意：女孩感到多高兴啊！ How用于“How+形容词/副词+主谓!”结构；What用于“What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主谓!”结构；What a用于“What a+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓!”结构；What an用于“What an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓!”结构。句子的中心词“happy”是形容词，用“How+形容词/副词+主谓!”结构。故选A。 37．句意：虽然她所有的同学都想知道她发生了什么事，但她不想告诉他们她的发夹。 know知道，动词原形；to know动词不定式；known动词过去分词；to knowing介词to+动名词。try to do sth.“试图做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 38．句意：你知道你把发夹弄丢了吗？ you你（们），人称代词主格或宾格；yours你（们）的，名词性物主代词；your你（们）的，形容词性物主代词；yourselves你（们）自己，反身代词。根据“hair clip”可知用形容词性物主代词your修饰名词。故选C。 39．句意：她穿什么，长什么样并不重要。 looks看起来，动词第三人称单数形式；looked动词过去式或过去分词；is looking现在进行时；was looking过去进行时。根据“wears”可知用动词第三人称单数形式looks。故选A。 40．句意：如果我想做一件成功的事情，我首先应该自信。 After在……之后；If如果；So因此；Because因为。“我想做一件成功的事情”是“我首先应该自信”的条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 四、完成句子 41．这个暑假你去什么特别的地方了吗?（英译汉） Did you go this summer vacation? 【答案】 anywhere special 【详解】根据中英文对照，可知空格处缺“什么特别的地方”的英文。“Did you...”可知句子是一般疑问句，用副词“anywhere什么地方”；“特别的”对应的英文为“special”，形容词。故填anywhere；special。 42．I didn’t do anything meaningful last year. (同义句) I meaningful last year. 【答案】 did nothing 【详解】句意：去年我没有做任何有意义的事。“didn’t do anything”等同于“did nothing”，两者都表示“什么都没做”。故填did；nothing。 43．I can go to the movies with my friends this evening. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) — to the movies with your friends this evening? — , . 【答案】 Can you go No I can’t 【详解】句意：我今晚和我的朋友一起去看电影。句子是一般现在时，改为一般疑问句需将情态动词can提到句首，且首字母大写；原句中主语是第一人称I，在变一般疑问句时，通常变为第二人称you；go保持不变；对于一般疑问句的否定回答，结构是：no, 主语+can’t.且no首字母需大写，这里主语要变回第一人称I。故填Can；you；go；No；I；can’t。 44．please, you, fish, balcony, the, could, on, the, feed. （连词成句） ? 【答案】Could you please feed the fish on the balcony 【详解】根据所给词语及标点符号可知，句子为一般疑问句。could you please表示“你能否……”，用于礼貌请求，放在句首，首字母要大写；feed the fish为动词短语，意为“喂鱼”；on the balcony为地点状语，表示“在阳台上”。句子结构为“Could you please + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 地点状语”。故填Could you please feed the fish on the balcony“你能否在阳台上喂一下鱼”。 45．Nancy’s school is smaller than Tomoya’s. (同义句) Nancy’s school is Tomoya’s. 【答案】 not as/so big as 【详解】句意：Nancy的学校比Tomoya的小。此处可表述为“Nancy的学校不如Tomoya的大”， “not as/so…as…”表示“不如……”，big“大的”。故填not；as/so；big；as。 46．Nancy’s school has fewer students than most schools. (同义句) Most schools have than Nancy’s school. 【答案】 more students 【详解】句意：南希的学校比大多数学校的学生少。其同义句表示“大多数学校比南希的学校的学生多”，用more ... than“比……更多”，more后跟名词复数students“学生”。故填more；students。 47．北京是中国最大的城市之一。（汉译英） Beijing is cities in China. 【答案】 one of the largest/biggest 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“最大的……之一”。“one of+最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的之一”；“最大的”是形容词最高级形式，可以用“the largest”或者“the biggest”来表示。故填one；of；the；largest/biggest。 48．Betty is slimmer than any other girl in her class. (同义句) Betty is girl in her class. 【答案】 the slimmest 【详解】句意：贝蒂比班上其他女生都要瘦。改成同义句，句子可以表达为“贝蒂是她班里最瘦的女孩”，应用形容词最高级；“slim”的最高级是“slimmest”，最高级前面加定冠词the。故填the；slimmest。 49．This question is easier than that one. (同义句) This question is that one. 【答案】 less difficult than 【详解】句意：这个问题比那个容易。改为同义句，意思是这个问题没那个难。less + 形容词或副词“较不⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅，更不⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅”，less difficult“比较不难”。故填less；difficult ；than。 50．Nothing is more important than health. (同义句) Health is of all. 【答案】 the most important 【详解】句意：没有什么比健康更重要。也就是“健康是所有事物中最重要的”。important的最高级形式是the most important，用于表示在所有事物中重要程度最高。故填the；most；important。 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Dear Miss King, I am a fat girl with a round face, so some of my classmates named me “Little Fatty”. I am not confident about my looks. Do you think having good looks is important for a middle school student? Sally Dear Sally, Our looks do influence what others think of us and how we feel about ourselves. But the looks are not the most important thing in our life. What you said makes me think of myself. When I was your age, I was never confident because of my looks. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair... At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I felt very unhappy. However, someone told me something that I would always remember. It was in March. A group of girls pointed at me and laughed at my looks at a break. I couldn’t help crying. Tears quietly ran down my face. To my surprise, someone wiped (擦) the tears from my eyes. I then knew it was our English teacher Jenny. She said, “You are perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People accept you for who you are. But if you can’t accept yourself, then how will other people accept you?” Her words encouraged me a lot. And later I knew that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws (缺陷). From then on, I became happy and helpful. Now, I have wonderful friends who love me for who I am. So now, do you feel better after hearing my story? Remember that your looks are the best gift from your parents. You are wonderful just the way you are! Miss King 51．What does Sally look like? 52．How did Miss King feel about her looks when she was Sally’s age? 53．What did the group of girls do to Miss King? 54．Who is Jenny? 55．According to Jenny, what do we need to do if we hope other people accept us? 【答案】51．She is a fat girl with a round face. 52．She was never confident about her looks. 53.They pointed at her and laughed at her looks at a break. 54．She is Miss King’s English teacher. 55．We need to accept ourselves. 【解析】本文主要讲述了Sally因外貌不自信向Miss King写信咨询，Miss King通过分享自己学生时代因外貌被嘲笑及后来在老师鼓励下接受自我的经历，来鼓励Sally接受自己的外貌。 51．根据原文“I am a fat girl with a round face”可知，Sally是个圆脸的胖女孩。故填She is a fat girl with a round face. 52．根据原文“When I was your age, I was never confident because of my looks.”可知，Miss King在学生时代因外貌而感到不自信。故填She was never confident about her looks. 53．根据原文“A group of girls pointed at me and laughed at my looks at a break.”可知，一群女孩在课间指着Miss King嘲笑她的外貌。故填They pointed at her and laughed at her looks at a break. 54．根据原文“I then knew it was our English teacher Jenny.”可知，Jenny是Miss King的英语老师。故填She is Miss King’s English teacher. 55．根据原文“But if you can’t accept yourself, then how will other people accept you?”可知，Jenny认为，如果我们希望别人接受我们，我们需要先接受自己。故填We need to accept ourselves. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $