高一上学期期末实战模拟卷4-【创新教程】2026-2027学年高一上学期英语期末实战模拟卷

高一上学期期末实战模拟卷四 [主题阅读3]人与社会—运动与健康 (时间40分钟，满分50分) I.阅读（满分37.5分）》 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A CAMP REGISTRATION NOW OPEN! For more information on the guidelines we will be taking to help ensure the safety and 癸 health of our campers and staff this summer,click here! Our Tennis Camps Are the Best Around We currently offer our adidas Tennis Camps in 19 states,and at every single one we put an emphasis on creating a positive atmosphere for children aged 8 to 18 to receive tennis training from the experts.It doesn't matter what skill level your child is currently at,they will be able to receive tennis lessons designed just for them,ensuring they leave our tennis camp a better player than when they arrived. What Your Child Will Learn at Our Tennis Clinics Whether your child attends our overnight tennis camp or our day tennis camp,they will learn everything they need to excel on the court.A few of our tennis training focuses are: ·Being a good sport ·Perfecting the serve 典 ·Improving form Playing with integrity ·Setting goals ·Preparing mentally What Can Be Expected at Our Summer Tennis Camps Once there,each player will be evaluated so they can receive the proper tennis lessons 罕 for their experience level.After that,the fun will begin.They will receive both individual and team instruction,play exhibition tennis matches,and even win prizes.After the instruction part of the day is over,your child will spend the night in the dorms so they can get a good night's sleep to prepare for the next day.Of course,all meals will be provided 数 and your child will even receive an adidas Tennis Camp T-shirt to take home with them.If you want your child to improve their tennis skills by learning from the experts,there is no better place to send them than to one of our adidas Tennis Camps. 布 1.What can be guaranteed after the campers end the adidas Tennis Camp? A.They will get medical insurance for free. 棕 B.They can play tennis better than when they arrived. C.They will receive tennis lessons designed by stars. D.They have the opportunity to choose their instructors. 保 2.What can the campers do at the Summer Tennis Camps? A.Spend the night playing. B.Compete for prizes. C.Only receive individual tennis lessons. D.Buy an adidas Tennis Camps T-shirt. 3.What is the text? A.A piece of news. B.A guidebook. C.An advertisement. D.An abstract of instructions. 英语试题（四）第1页（共4页） B Football is,I suppose,the most popular game in England:one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this.Rich and poor,young and old,one can see them all there,shouting and cheering for one side or the other. One of the most surprising things about football in England to a stranger is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have.He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams.He has photographs of them and knows the results of a large number of matches.He will tell you who he expects will win, and his opinion is usually as valuable as that of men three or four times his age. Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools,where lessons are all-important,and games are left for private arrange- ments.In England,it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy's mind with facts in a classroom education also means character training.One of the best ways of training character is by means of games,especially team games,where the boy has to learn to work with others for his team,instead of working selfishly for himself alone.The school therefore arranges games and matches for its pupils.Football is a good team game,it is good exercise for the body,it needs skill and a quick brain,it is popular and it is cheap.As a result,it is the school's favorite game in the winter. 4.In England football is a game enjoyed A.only by young people B.by people of all ages and classes C.only by boys D.only by rich people 5.A stranger in England will be surprised to find that in that country A.people have little knowledge of football B.even small boys know a lot about football C.girls are more interested in football than boys D.children are not interested in football at all 6.There is a great difference between schools in England and those in Europe in that A.European schools take football seriously B.schools in England care little about lessons C.European schools often arrange football matches for their pupils D.schools in England believe character training to be part of education 7.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of the football game? A.It is not expensive. B.It needs teamwork. C.It makes people selfish. D.It is good exercise for the body. 0 Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,however,have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk,which is about five miles longer than the mara- thon.But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact()with the ground at all times.It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,however,says Jaclyn Norberg,an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. 英语试题（四）第2页（共4页） Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says.According to most cal- culations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calori- es()per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However,race walking does not pound the body as much as running does,Dr.Norb- erg says.According to her research,runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step,while race walkers,who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner's knee,are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport's strange form does place consider- able stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should proba- bly first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,she says.It takes some practice. 8.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A.They must run long distances. B.They are qualified for the marathon. C.They have to follow special rules. D.They are good at swinging their legs. 9.What advantage does race walking have over running? A.It's more popular at the Olympics. B.It's less challenging physically. C.It's more effective in body building. D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries. 10.What is Dr.Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking? A.Getting experts'opinions. B.Having a medical checkup. C.Hiring an experienced coach. D.Doing regular exercises. 11.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking? A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative. D Sport is not only physically challenging,but it can also be mentally challenging.Criti- cism from coaches,parents,and other teammates,as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical,emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can,for example, learn how to cooperate with others,make friends,and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times,that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take parents'and coaches'criticisms to heart and find a mistake in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not be- come work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today's youth sport setting,young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game,many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters'performances.Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again,criticism can create high levels of stress,which can lead to burnout. 英语试题（四）第3页（共4页） 12.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A.Mental stress should be reduced. B.Sport should be made less competitive. C.Stress should be made less. D.Sport can be mentally challenging. 13.According to the passage,young people like sport because A.it can help them learn more about society B.it enables them to criticize themselves C.it can provide them with valuable experiences D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 14.What can we learn from the passage? A.Parents and coaches should enable children to enjoy sport. B.Parents and coaches should help children to win every game. C.Parents and coaches should train children to deal with stress. D.Parents and coaches should understand the meaning of sport. 15.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout. B.To persuade young children not to worry about criticism. C.To stress the importance of encouraging children. D.To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement. Ⅱ.阅读七选五（满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 选项。 This summer,climate change continues to push Earth's weather to extremes.1 We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat,how to keep your body safe,and what to do if you suspect you or someone you're with has heat exhaus- tion. 2 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger,you'll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise,since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process.Should you eat after that hot run?No.You can hydrate right away,but wait until you've cooled off to eat.That's because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature. Protect your skin-it's the body's cooling system.Your skin and related tissues are 烯 incredibly designed to move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool.Any damage to your skin or the underlying tissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself.To protect your skin,start with sunscreen.3 Wear materials that will help your body breathe.4 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool.Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body. Hydrate before,during and after exercise.Dehydration can really happen to you.5 Besides,keep drinking while you're working out. A.Don't eat right before you head out. B.Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise. C.The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool. D.But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous. E.Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies? F.And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun,and include a hat. G.Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise. 英语试题（四）第4页（共4页）参考 7.an「考查冠词。句意：尽管第26届活动已落幕，但 公园内的一个室内冰雪景点将于周四重新开放，可在 温暖天气接待游客。空处表示泛指，意为“一个室内 冰雪景点”，应用不定冠词，且indoor的发音以元音音 素开头，应用an。] 8.and[考查连词。句意同上。前后语义是并列关系， 空处应用意为“而且，并且”的并列连词and。] 9.launched[考查非谓语动词。句意：该设施最初于 2024年7月推出，拥有先进的视听互动技术、生动的 冰雕，以及历届冰雪大世界和2025年亚冬会的元素。 句子主千成分完整，空处为非谓语，launch“推出”和 the facility逻辑上是被动关系，且根据“in July2024” 可知，该行为已发生，因此用launch的过去分词形式， 作状语。] 10.growth[考查名词。句意：中国正致力于推动冰雪 经济成为新的增长点，目标到2027年实现1.2万亿 元、2030年达到1.5万亿元的经济规模。空处作of 的宾语，名词growth符合题意，意为“增长”，是不可 数名词。故填growth。] Ⅲ.第一节 [参考范文] Dear Tim, Knowing that you'll visit China in the coming win- ter holiday,I'm writing to recommend a city to you. Recognized as the capital city of China,Beijing is a city you can never miss.With a long history and various tourist attractions,it attracts thousands of tourists every year.What will amaze you most is the Great Wall,one of the greatest wonders in the world.The Palace Muse- um and the Summer Palace are well worth visiting,too. Besides,the local snacks will surely be appealing to you. Wish you a pleasant and rewarding journey in China. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 「参考范文] When Joan looked out the window,she saw a car approaching.She waved to the driver and shouted loud- ly.Fortunately,the car stopped,and an old lady got out of the car.She said,"What's going on,dear?"Joan explained the whole accident in detail.The lady said,"I will go home and ask my husband to help you.He is good at fixing cars.Joan looked at the lady in disbelief, not believing her husband would come.However,she had no choice.Finally,she watched the old lady's car slowly disappear at the end of the road. Joan saw clouds in the sky and it began to rain. The only thing they could do was to stay in the car.The sky was getting darker,but no one came.Joan was worried. Suddenly,one small shining light popped up,and a man appeared.He said,“T'm here to help you.”“He is the old lady's husband,"Joan cried,not believing what she saw.He didn't have to offer help,but he volunteered to come anyway.He quickly replaced the tire,and the car started again.The family thanked the man and went to their relatives'house.Whenever Joan recalls this expe- rience,she always feels warm and thankful. [语篇解读]本文以事情发展为线索展开，讲述了Joan 兴高采烈地准备和家人一起开始即将到来的旅行。他 们正从纽约开车去弗吉尼亚，去看望他们的远亲。然 而，在路上，他们的车胎漏气了。他们迷茫地看着彼此， 既没有备用轮胎，手机也没有信号，无法向别人求助，更 糟糕的是，附近也没有车经过，不知道如何是好。 答案 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当Joan向窗外看时，她看到一辆 汽车向她驶来。”可知，第一段可描写Joan向开车的人求 助，车主答应帮助他们。 ②由第二段首句内容“Joan看到天空中有云，开始下雨 了。”可知，第二段可描写他们等了很长时间，看到了远处的 车灯。老太太的丈夫来帮助他们了！他很快换好轮胎，汽 车又发动了，他们满怀感激和期待地再次踏上旅途。 2.续写线索：有车经过一求助—等待—得到帮 助 一感激 一再次出发 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①大喊：shout,/exclaim/yell ②说明：explain/clarify/illustrate ③相信：believe/trust ④提供：offer/provide 情绪类 ①担忧的：worried/apprehensive/disturbed ②感激的：thankful/grateful 【点睛】[高分句型l]The only thing they could do was to stay in the car.(省略that的定语从句) [高分句型2]“He is the old lady's husband.,”Joan cried, not believing what she saw.(what引导的宾语从句) 高一上学期期末实战模拟卷四 I.A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 了一个网球训练营的基本情况、招生及活动安排。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“It doesn't matter what skill level your child is currently at,they will be able to receive tennis lessons designed just for them, ensuring they leave our tennis camp a better player than when they arrived.(无论你的孩子目前的技术 水平如何，他们都能接受专为他们设计的网球课程， 确保他们离开我们的网球训练营时成为比他们抵达 时更好的球员。)”可知，他们能更好的提高网球技术。」 2.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段“They will receive both individual and team instruction,play exhibition tennis matches,and even win prizes.(他们将接受个 人和团队指导，参加网球表演赛，甚至赢得奖品。)”可 知，参加网球训练营的人们可以比赛得奖，B项“为奖 品而比赛”符合题意。] 3.C[推理判断题。根据文章大意及最后一段“If you want your child to improve their tennis skills by learn- ing from the experts,there is no better place to send them than to one of our adidas Tennis Camps..(知果 你想让你的孩子通过向专家学习来提高他们的网球 技能，那么最好的地方就是把他们送到阿迪达斯网球 训练营。)”可知，这是一篇招生广告。] B.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在 英国，足球是所有年龄和阶层的人都喜欢的运动。在英 国，即使是最小的男孩似乎也对足球有着足够的了解。 在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在课堂上用事实填满男 孩的头脑，教育还意味着性格的培养。 4.B[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rich and poor, young and old,one can see them all there,shouting and cheering for one side or the other.(富人和穷人， 年轻人和老人，都可以看到他们在那里，为一方或另 一方呐喊喝彩。)”可知，在英国，足球是所有年龄和阶 层的人都喜欢的运动。 5.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of the most surprising things about football in England to a stran- ger is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have.(对于一个陌生人来说，英 格兰足球是最令人惊讶的事情之一，即使是最小的男 孩似乎也对足球有着足够的了解。)”可知，英国的陌 生人会惊讶地发现，在英国，连小男孩都很懂足球。」 高一上学期期末 6.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools,where lessons are all-im- portant,and games are left for private arrangements. In England,it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy's mind with facts in a classroom education also means character training.(英国的大多 数学校都很重视足球，比几乎所有欧洲的学校都要认 真得多，因为欧洲学校的课程非常重要，比赛由私人 安排。在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在课堂上用事 实填满男孩的头脑，教育还意味着性格的培养。)”可 知，英国的学校与欧洲的学校有很大的不同，因为英 国的学校认为性格训练是教育的一部分。] 7.CL细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of the best ways of training character is by means of games,es- pecially team games,where the boy has to learn to work with others for his team,instead of working selfishly for himself alone.(训练性格的最佳方式之一 是通过比赛，尤其是团队比赛，在比赛中，男孩必须学 会为团队与他人合作，而不是自私地为自己工作。)” 可知，关于足球比赛的说法中，C选项“它让人自私”不 正确。 C.「语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相 比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事 这种运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 8.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运 动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间 里保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞 走运动员是需要具备某些条件的，这是因为运动员需 要遵守特殊的规则。」 9.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee,are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的 膝盖受伤，这在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑 步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。] 10.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的 i"In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人 都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竟走运动员，学习适 当的技巧)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征 询专家的建议。」 ll.B[推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,however,have its own problem.”可知，研究表 明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少 导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作 者对于竞走的态度是客观的。] D.[语篇解读]本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对 人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动 中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极 的心态去迎接挑战。 12.D[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sport is not only physically challenging,but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches,parents,and other teammates,as well as pressure to win can cre- ate an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical,emotional,or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as drop- ·6 战模拟卷·英语 ping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable..(运动不仅是对身体的挑战，也可以是对 精神的挑战。来自教练、父母和其他队友的批评，以 及获胜的压力会给年轻运动员带来过多的焦虑或压 力。压力可以是身体上的、情感上的或心理上的，研 究表明它会导致精疲力竭。精疲力竭被描述为放弃 或放弃一项曾经很享受的活动。)”可知，第一段主要 讲的是体育运动对精神的挑战。 l3.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. 育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生。)”可知，年 轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。] 14.A「推理判断题。根据第三段“In today's youth sport setting,young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game,many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters'performances.(在如今的青少年体育环 境中，年轻运动员可能会更担心谁会赢，而不是享受 自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教 练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺。)” 可推知，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体 育活动。 l5.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Positive reinforce ment motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.(积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对 学习有更大的影响。)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目 的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一 些高温天气下在户外锻炼的建议。 l.E[根据上文“This summer,climate change contin- ues to push Earth's weather to extremes..(今年夏天， 气候变化继续将地球的天气推向极端。)”以及后文 "We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat,how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you're with has heat exhaustion.(我们邀请了一些专家来讨 论在高温下运动背后的科学，如何保证你的身体安 全，以及如果你怀疑你或你的伴侣患有中暑该怎么 做。)”可知，本句为过渡句，引出炎热天气是否适合运 动的疑问。故E选项“在炎热的夏天白天跑步或骑自 行车对我们的身体好吗？”符合语境。] 2.A[根据后文“If you had a heavy meal like a cheese- burger,you'll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise,since that fat and protein- rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process.Should you eat after that hot run? No.You can hydrate right away,but wait until you've cooled off to eat.That's because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual tempera- ture.(如果你吃了一顿像奶酪汉堡这样的大餐，你要 等两到三个小时再进行户外运动，因为富含脂肪和蛋 白质的大餐需要更长的时间才能通过消化过程。热 跑之后你应该吃东西吗？不。你可以马上补充水分， 但要等到身体冷却后再吃。这是因为消化食物会延 迟你的身体恢复正常体温。)”可知，本段的建议是出 门前不要吃太多东西。故A选项“出门前不要吃东 西。”符合语境。 3.F[根据本段主旨句“Protect your skin一it'sthe body's cooling system.(保护你的皮肤—这是身体 的冷却系统。)”可知，本段主要建议保护皮肤。前文 “To protect your skin,start with sunscreen.(为了保 护你的皮肤，从防晒霜开始。)”讲述了可以使用防晒 霜来保护皮肤，空处应是其他保护皮肤的方式，F项 “并考虑穿能遮挡阳光的有防晒作用的衣服，包括一 顶帽子。”符合题意。] 参考 4.C[根据上文“Wear materials that will help your body breathe..(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服。)”以及后 "Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool.Avoid materials like cotton that ba- sically keep the heat close to your body.(穿吸汗的运 动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，因为它 们能让热量接近你的身体。)”可知，本段主要就穿的 衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文cloth ing。故C选项“选择合造的衣服也能让你保持凉爽。” 符合语境。] 5.G[根据上文“Hydrate before,during and after ex- ercise.Dehydration can really happen to you,(在运动 前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你 身上。)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项 “确保你在出门锻炼前至少一个小时喝水。”符合语境。] 高一上学期期末实战模拟卷五 I.A.[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 1871年的芝加哥大火是19世纪最严重的灾难。 l.D「细节理解题。根据第三段中“The fire lasted27 hours and spread to all parts of the city.(大火持续了 27个小时，蔓延到城市的所有地方。)”可知，城市的各 个地方都被大火烧毁了。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“In addition, about300 people died.(此外，大约300人死亡。)”可 知，大约300人在火灾中丧生。 3.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing.Within a month,4,000 cottages()with two rooms had been built.In a few years,Chicago was completely rebuilt.(来自世界各地的人们给芝加 哥送去食物和衣服。不到一个月，就建成了4000间 两室的小屋。几年后，芝加哥完全重建了。)”故可推知， 火灾发生后留在芝加哥的人们表现出了勇气。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学 家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险 的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显 示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只 免受破坏。 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rogues(疯狗 浪)，called‘extreme storm waves'by scientists,are large,unexpected,and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world,are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，‘疯狗 浪’被科学家称为‘极端风暴波’，是一种巨大的、意想 不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的 两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非 常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)”再结合 下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对 “疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。 5.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these 'huge beasts'.(它们出现的原 因和地，点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包 括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地，点的浮标数据，研 究人员现在创建了一个预测这些‘巨兽’的系统。)”可知， 疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建 了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。] 6.A[细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI's methods were hid in a black box.This means scien- tists couldn't know how the AI did its workings. 答案 人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科 学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工 智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法 知道人工智能是如何工作的。] 7.D[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave,Hafner added,and can better protect ships from being de- stroyed as the sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alterna- tive course.(Hafner补充说：‘该系统可以有效地显 示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地 的船只免受摧毁。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来 预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。’)” 可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。] C.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类 的生命财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人类已采取有效 措施抵御冬季风暴。 8.C[词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored(公司无法告知客户电力何时恢复)” 可知，outages意为“断电”。] 9.B[细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric cur- rent called the jet stream.However,when the jet streams weaken,the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!(它们被另一种被称为 高速气流的大气流固定在两极。然而，当急流减弱 时，极地涡旋的冷风被推向南方，正是在这段时间，人 们开始注意！)”可知，极涡受到急流的影响。] l0.D[主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas, roads froze over,causing six traffic deaths,and many schools were shut-down.People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and ani- mals are also freezing.This could have major conse- quences,especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks cattle,the animals can't reach basic necessities like food and fresh water..(在德克萨斯州，道路结冰， 造成6人死亡，许多学校关闭。人类并不是地球上唯 一与寒冷作斗争的生物。农作物和动物也在受冻。 这可能会产生重大后果，特别是如果成群的牛死亡」 如果大雪阻挡了牛群，这些动物就无法获得食物和淡 水等基本必需品。)”可知，倒数第二段主要讲的是极 地涡旋造成的严重影响。] 11.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms..(阿马里洛之所以引人注目，是 因为这座城市经过了重新设计，以抵御严重的冬季风 暴。)”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有效 措施抵御冬季风暴。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍土 库曼斯坦积极寻求方法，希望能够熄灭燃烧的火山口。 l2.B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ground un der the drill collapsed and methane()gas began to escape into the air.The geologists decided the sa- fest thing to do was to burn off the gas by lighting it on fire.They thought the fire would burn for only a few weeks.(钻孔下的地面塌陷，甲烷气体开始泄漏 到空气中。地质学家们认为最安全的办法是用火烧 掉这些气体。他们认为大火只会燃烧几个星期。)” 可知，这些地质学家决定点燃气体，为了把这些地下 气体耗尽。]