第8讲 动词和动词短语-（讲练）【优+学案·赢在中考】2025年中考英语总复习 人教版（菏泽专用）

第8讲 动词和动词短语 ●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考点解读 考点一 谓语动词的用法 分类 特点 举例 巧学妙记 及物 We love our 谓语动词的用法歌诀： 后面必须跟宾语 实义 动词 谓语动词可分四，实义、情态、助动、系。 country. 动词 不及物 后面不能直接跟 实义动词有实义，可以独立作谓语。 He is standing at 动词 宾语 the table. 连系动词有实义，须与表语在一起。 can,may,must是情态， 连系 She is a good 后面跟表语 动词 动词原形离不开。 student. 助动词无实义， 情态 与其后的动词原形共同作 I can swim. 动词 谓语 不能独立作谓语。 时态、语态、疑问、否定， 无实义，在句中表时态、语 I don't know what 助动词 do、be或will不能少。 态、疑问或否定 todo.(表否定) 题考点日 助动词的形式及用法 助动词 作用 do 形式有do、does和did,用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气 am/is/are十现在分词→现在进行时was/were十现在分词→过去进行时be十及物动词的过去分 be 词→被动语态 have/has十过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成时have十been十现在分词→现在 have 完成进行时 will/shall will/shall-+动词原形→一般将来时would/should十动词原形→过去将来时 业考点三 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 举例 表示许可（相当于may) No one can smoke in the hospital. 表示能力“能，会” Can you speak English? can/could 表示怀疑、猜测（主要用于否定句和疑问句） He can't be in the classroom. 表示建议、请求（常用于疑问句） Can I play with the toy now,Mom? 表示询问 May I ask you a question,please? may/might 表示猜测（常用于肯定句） She may be here tomorrow. 表示许可 You may go now. 英语·讲练册则 149 续表 表示主观看法，意为“必须，应当” We must love our family. must 表示很有把握的推断 The man must be a doctor. have to 表示客观需求，意为“不得不” It rained heavily.We had to stay at home. need 表示需要、必须（主要用于否定句和疑问句中） You needn't come next time. 表示许诺、警告、命令（用于陈述句的第二、三人称） You shall have your book back soon. shall/ Shall he come to see you? should 征询对方意见或请求（用于第一、三人称的问句中） Shall we go out for a walk? will/ 表示意愿、意志（用于多种人称） I'll help you if I am free this afternoon. would 总是、惯于（习惯性动作或状态） Fish will die out of water. 要点提示 1.以may开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用mustn't或can't,表示“不可以”“禁止”等意 思。如： -May I take the book to my friend?-No,you mustn't/can't. 2.以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用needn't或don't have to来回答，而不能直接用 mustn't回答。如： Must she finish her homework now?-No,she needn't/doesn't have to. 考点四》 动词第三人称单数的构成规律 词尾形式 变化规则 举例 一般情况 在词尾加-s swim→swims,leave→leaves 以-s,x,-sh,-ch,0结尾 在词尾加-es do→does,pass,passes 以“辅音字母十y”结尾 先变y为i,再加-es study>studies,carry->carries 其他情况 不规则变化 have→has 考点五 现在分词的构成规律 词尾形式 变化规则 举例 一般情况 直接加-ing play→playing,read→reading 以不发音的-e结尾 去e加-ing live→living,write-→writing 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有 先双写词尾的辅音字 put >putting,sit>sitting 个辅音字母 母，再加-ing 以-ie结尾 先改ie为y,再加-ing die->dying,lie→lying 150 优*学赢在中考 考点六动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律 词尾形式 变化规则 举例 般情况 加-ed plant->planted,play->played 以-e结尾 加-d live->lived,change->changed 以“辅音字母十-y”结尾 先改y为i,再加-ed carry->carried,study>studied 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop->stopped,prefer->preferred 巧学妙记 2.巧记ABC型不规则动词 1.巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表动词原 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 形，BB代表过去式、过去分词相同) -eak -oke -oken break,speak 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eal -ole -olen steal -eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep -ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear grow,blow, -ell -old -old sell,tell -ow -ew -own know,throw -end sink,swim, -ent -ent lend,spend,send -i -a- -u- drink,ring, -ay -aid -aid say,pay sing,begin -n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean drive,rise, -i- -0- ride,write 考点七 常用动词短语 构成形式 举例 用法特点 break into破门而入come from来自 deal with处理 动词十 depend on依靠 get over克服 laugh at嘲笑 其后需要带宾语 介词 look for寻找 hear from收到…来信 send for派人去请 wait for等候 作及物动词时，如果名词作宾语，宾 cheer up使振奋 clean up打扫干净 give in屈服 动词十 语可以位于动副词组之后，也可以位 give away赠送；分发put up张贴；搭建 副词 于中间。但代词作宾语时，宾语只能 think over仔细考虑wake up醒来 位于中间 动词十 add up to合计 catch up with赶上 这类动词短语后跟宾语时，宾语置于 副词十 come up with提出 get away from逃离 介词之后 介词 keep on with继续做look forward to期盼 动词十 make a contribution to对…作出贡献 名词+ make friends with与…交朋友take care of照顾 介词 take part in参加pay attention to注意 动词十 lose heart灰心make a face做鬼脸take place发生 名词 make friends交朋友 be十形容 be fond of喜欢be afraid of害怕be famous for因…出名 be动词的形式要根据主语的形式和 词十介词 be good at擅长 时态发生变化 英语·讲练册则 151 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆人 考向突破 0◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆0◆◆◆◆◆ 合考向一●考查 辨析 答案：B (2024·台湾中考)Jasmine planned to spend her 合考向三 考查 辨析 summer in the country,but right after she got (2024·沧州一模)The trip really there,she started to the noise in the exciting to me.How I wish to go! city. A.sounds B.smells C.tastes D.feels A.enjoy B.mind C.miss D.notice 解析：考查连系动词辨析。句意：这次旅行听起 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：佳思敏计划在乡村 来真让我兴奋。我多么想去啊！sound听起来； 度过暑假，但是她到达那里的时候，她就开始smell闻起来；taste尝起来；feel感觉起来。根据 城市里的喧嚣了。enjoy享受；mind介 “The trip..really exciting to me.”可知，“听起 意；miss想念；notice注意到。根据上文可知，她 来”符合语境。 已经离开了城市，因此她想念城市的喧嚣。 答案：A 答案：C 今考向四》 考查 辨析 @考向三》考查 辨析 (2024·云南中考)一Whose dictionary is this? (2024·扬州中考)Many think SOS is short for -It be Sarah's.Look!Her name is on save our ship",but it doesn't really it. anything. A.must B.need A.look for B.stand for C.mustn't D.needn't C.pay for D.try for 解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意：一这是谁的 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人认为 字典？一它一定是Sarah的。看！她的名字在 SOS是“拯救我们的船”的缩写，但它实际上并不 它上面。must一定；need需要；mustn't禁止； 代表任何东西。根据“Many think SOS is short needn't不必。根据“Look!Her name is on it..” for‘save our ship’”可知，此处用stand for表示 可知，此处表示十分肯定的推测，应填must。 SOS代表的含义。 答案：A ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考题集训 ◆●●◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆● 单项选择 C.throw them away 1.(2024·滨州中考)-Mom,would you like to D.keep them away help me clear out these old clothes? 2.(2024·遂宁中考)-Tim,what were you -Oh,they are still in good condition.Let's doing when I called you? to people in need. 一I bicycle with my sister. A.give them away A.was cutting up B.wash them away B.am making up 152 优+学秦赢在中考 C.am picking up 10.(2024·连云港中考)Modern medicine is D.was fixing up developing quickly and now most eye 3.(2024·武汉中考)-What a team！They're problems be cured. always pulling together. A.can B.must -Exactly.No force can them. C.should D.need A.separate B.push 11.(2023· 孝感中考)-Daniel,try this C.guard D.shape strawberry cake. 4.(2024·乐山中考)-There are some after- -It delicious.I'd like to have school clubs in our school.You can some more. between the Music Club and the Food and A.smells B.feels Drink Club. C.tastes D.looks -I prefer the Food and Drink Club,for I can 12.(2024·乐山中考)一People wear learn more life skills. helmets(头盔)when they ride e-bikes A.avoid B.choose C.hide according to the traffic rules. 5.(2024·无锡中考)I know how busy you are Yes.Or they will be punished. and I won't too much of your time. A.must B.can C.may A.take up B.set up 13.(2024·无锡中考)I couldn't what C.make up D.put up else he has to say.Everyone knows that's 6.(2024·广西中考)You should your a lie. car slowly when passing by a school. A.suppose B.imagine A.drive B.clean C.repair C.realize D.consider 7.(2024·福建中考)You must the 14.(2024·吉林中考)Tina can her traffic rules when riding a bike. bedroom by herself.She doesn't need her A.make B.explain C.follow parents'help. 8.(2024·雅安中考)一Is that your friend Laura A.get up B.clean up over there? C.cut up -No,it be Laura.She has gone to 15.(2024·福建中考)一Xiao Hai won first prize Shenzhen. in our school art festival. A.must B.mustn't Wonderful！Iam his next C.can D.can't performance. 9.(2024·龙东中考)一Must I answer this A.looking forward to question in English? B.paying attention to -No,you C.getting used to A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't 英语·讲练册则 153null