内容正文:
ANSWER KEY
READING
A篇
A
C
B
B篇
C
D
C
B
C篇
C
B
A
D
D篇
A
C
C
B
COMPLETION
七选五
D
A
G
E
F
CLOZE
21—25
B
A
C
D
A
26—30
B
D
B
D
A
31—35
C
D
B
A
C
GRAMMAR
36—40
amazingly
ranking
tells
as
distinguished
41—45
bamboos
symbolic
continuing
On/upon
how
阅读A篇
国际晚餐将于本周六11月5日回归——在此获取门票!
AMHS 国际晚餐 常见问题解答
时间: 11月5日,星期六,下午6-8点
这是什么活动?
国际晚餐是一次庆祝Magnet社区内文化与多样性的活动,届时将感谢Grimshaw先生,我们还将欣赏到来自Magnet一些才华横溢的音乐家们的表演!
谁可以参加?
此活动旨在让所有人参加,作为一个社区建设活动。
食堂提供什么?
食堂提供桌子、餐盘、保暖锅、蒸盘、饮料和手套。每张餐桌将提供75.00美元以帮助补偿食物成本。
我(或我的团队)需要提供什么?
每个国家餐桌(可以由一人或几人合作)需要选择一个国家并提供来自该国家的2-4道菜肴。每道菜肴应制作足够150份小样品份量。提供的蒸盘将能整齐地放入保暖锅中。请同时自带盛装容器以及任何可以提升餐桌氛围的装饰品。例如,来自该国家的桌布或所代表国家的小国旗。
我何时需要带来食物?
食物应在活动当晚4:45-5:00点之间带来(如果是需要热食的话,需热着带来)。
谁可以担任志愿者?
任何人都可以担任志愿者——学生、家长、支持者。学生可以担任志愿者,将在活动当晚充当服务员和进行清洁工作,并在11月4日星期五(下午3:45-5:30)进行布置工作。我们最大的需求是有人能负责一张餐桌并为该餐桌带来食物。在此报名。
门票价格是多少?
门票价格为每人15.00美元或每个家庭40.00美元。
有疑问? 发送邮件至 amhsinternationaldinner@gmail.com
AMHS = 学术磁石高中 FAQs = 常见问题解答
1. 这次活动的目的是什么?
A. 为了加强社区联系。 B. 为了慈善筹款。 C. 为了庆祝社区节日。 D. 为了推广志愿工作。
2. 每个国家餐桌的参与者需要做什么?
A. 捐赠75美元用于食物成本和装饰。 B. 自带保暖锅和手套。
C. 准备2-4道菜肴,每道供应150份小份量。 D. 在4:45 pm前到达活动现场参加志愿者培训。
3. 这段文字可能选自哪里?
A. 一本美食杂志。 B. 一所学校的官方网站。C. 一张招聘海报。 D. 一份服务指南。
文章分析
这篇阅读材料是一篇典型的学校活动通知与常见问题解答,核心内容是宣传学术磁石高中举办的国际晚餐活动并明确参与细节。文章结构清晰,采用"标题吸引关注 → FAQ问答形式"的标准信息发布结构。
文章难度适中,语言信息明确,包含多项活动具体要求。信息点分布均匀,主要涉及:
活动性质与目的(庆祝文化与多样性,社区建设)
参与者角色与要求(个人/团队负责国家餐桌,提供特定数量食物)
物资提供与责任划分(学校提供设备与补贴,参与者自备食物与装饰)
时间节点与志愿者招募(送餐时间、布置时间)
票价与联系方式
解题思路
1. 这次活动的目的是什么?
答案:A. 为了加强社区联系。
解析:此题为主旨意图判断题,解题关键在于准确理解活动描述的定性语句。
正确选项A的依据:文章在"Who can participate?"部分明确说明此活动是"Made for all to attend as a community building event"(旨在让所有人参加,作为一个社区建设活动)。"community building event"(社区建设活动)直接对应选项"加强社区联系"。
错误选项解析:B. 错误原因:文章未提及慈善筹款目的。提供的$75是校方给参与者的食物成本补贴,而非要求参与者捐款。C. 错误原因:文章明确指出是"celebration of culture and diversity"(庆祝文化与多样性),而非庆祝某个特定的"社区节日"。D. 错误原因:虽然文章提到了志愿者招募,但这只是活动组织的一部分手段,而非活动的核心目的。"推广志愿工作"并非活动主旨。
2. 每个国家餐桌的参与者需要做什么?
答案:C. 准备2-4道菜肴,每道供应150份小份量。
解析:此为细节信息定位题,解题需要准确定位参与者责任描述部分。
正确选项C的依据:文章在"What do I (or my team) have to provide?"部分明确要求:"provide 2-4 dishes from that country. The dishes should each be made to serve 150 small sample size portions"(提供来自该国家的2-4道菜肴。每道菜肴应制作足够150份小样品份量)。这直接与选项C的描述相符。
错误选项解析:A. 错误原因:$75是学校"提供"给参与者用于补偿食物成本,而非参与者"捐赠"。装饰品需自带,但与此款项无关。B. 错误原因:文章在"canteen provides"部分明确指出"chafing dishes... and gloves"(保暖锅和手套)由食堂提供,参与者无需自带。D. 错误原因:4:45-5:00 pm是"bring the food"(带来食物)的时间,文章在"Who can volunteer?"部分提到志愿者布置场地是在前一天下午,但并未要求所有餐桌参与者都必须参加志愿者培训,更未指定在4:45 pm进行培训。
3. 这段文字可能选自哪里?
答案:B. 一所学校的官方网站。
解析:此为文本来源推断题,解题需要从文本内容、涉及机构及发布目的综合分析。
正确选项B的依据:
· 机构标识明确:文本中多次出现"AMHS",并明确注释为"Academic Magnet High School"(学术磁石高中),指向一个具体的学校。
· 内容相关性:文本内容是关于该校具体活动的通知、规则说明和报名引导,这正是一个学校官网会发布的、面向其学校社区成员的信息。
· 联系方式:提供的邮箱地址带有活动名称和学校缩写,符合学校官方活动的特征。
错误选项解析:A. 一本美食杂志:错误,虽然内容涉及食物,但其核心是特定学校单一活动的具体安排通知,而非面向广泛读者群的、以美食文化介绍或评鉴为主的杂志内容。C. 一张招聘海报:错误,文本的主要目的是宣传和告知一个社区活动,虽然提到了需要志愿者,但招募志愿者只是活动筹备的一部分,并非文本核心目的。D. 一份服务指南:错误,文本是关于一个特定事件的通知和问答,而非系统性地介绍某项服务的特性、使用方法等的指南性文档。
阅读B篇
《随机骗局》是纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布具有里程碑意义的《Incerto》系列中的一本名著,该系列探究了我们所不了解的世界中的运气、不确定性、概率、人为错误、风险以及决策。
如今,《随机骗局》以引人注目的新精装版问世,这本口碑之作将改变你对商业和世界的看法。纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布——一位经验丰富的交易员、著名的风险专家、知识渊博的学者,也是《黑天鹅》的《纽约时报》畅销书作者——写下了一部现代经典,彻底颠覆了我们对运气和技能的认知。
这本书关乎运气——或者更准确地说,关乎我们如何认知和处理生活及商业中的运气。以最常将运气误认为技能的地方——交易世界——为背景,《随机骗局》为我们生活中最不被理解的因素之一提供了引人入胜的见解。作者以娱乐性的叙事风格写作,探讨了与低估偶然事件对我们生活影响相关的重大智力议题。
书中出现了许多人物,其中一些以他们自己的方式理解了偶然的重要性:棒球传奇人物约吉·贝拉;知识哲学家卡尔·波普尔;现代金融家乔治·索罗斯;以及希腊航海者奥德修斯。我们还认识了虚构人物尼禄,他似乎理解随机性在其职业生涯中的作用,却成为了自身非理性愚蠢的牺牲品。
然而,所有角色中最具辨识度的一位仍然无名——那个恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点的幸运傻瓜——他体现了"最不适者的生存"。这类人吸引了忠实的追随者,他们相信其导师的洞察力和方法。但无人能够复制凭借偶然获得的东西。
我们是否有能力区分幸运的冒充内行者和真正的创新者?我们是否必须总是试图在随机事件中挖掘不存在的讯息?也许我们无法完全抵御命运女神的不可预测性,但在阅读《随机骗局》之后,我们可以准备得更充分一点。
4. 《随机骗局》主要关于什么?
A. 现代交易员的成功。 B. 技能在交易中的重要性。
C. 运气在生活和商业中的作用。 D. 人为错误对决策的影响。
5. 第4段提到这些人物的目的是什么?
A. 强调他们成就的重要性。 B. 强调他们在交易世界的成功。
C. 说明愚蠢如何总是导致失败。 D. 展示那些理解随机性的例子。
6. 第5段中的"幸运的傻瓜"真正指的是什么?
A. 一位以其技能和成就闻名的交易员。 B. 一位以其洞察力和方法闻名的学者。
C. 一个将成功归因于技能而忽视运气的人。 D. 一个愚蠢地低估努力和奉献的人。
7. 根据文章,人们常犯什么错误?
A. 他们高估了自己的个人能力。
B. 他们未能看到机会如何影响他们的成功。
C. 他们严重依赖导师的指导。
D. 他们忽视了日常生活中的重大事件。
文章分析
本文是一篇书籍介绍/书评,核心内容是推介纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布的著作《随机骗局》,并阐述其核心观点。文章结构清晰,遵循“书籍定位→作者权威性→核心主题阐述→内容举例→关键概念解析→现实启示”的逻辑展开。
文章层次:
· 书籍定位与作者介绍(第1-2段):将《随机骗局》置于塔勒布的《Incerto》系列中,界定其研究范畴(运气、不确定性等),并借助作者背景(交易员、风险专家)和“现代经典”的评价建立其权威性。
· 核心主题界定(第3段):明确指出本书的核心是探讨“我们如何认知和处理生活及商业中的运气”,并以交易世界为典型背景,说明人们常将运气误认为技能。
· 论证方式:人物举例(第4段):通过引入真实历史人物(贝拉、波普尔等)和虚构人物(尼禄),说明对随机性的认知古已有之且形式多样,同时也有人即使理解理论仍会失败,使论述更丰满。
· 核心概念剖析:“幸运的傻瓜”(第5段):提出了本书的关键概念——那些因随机性成功却被误认为有技能的人,并指出了其危害(吸引盲目追随者)。
· 现实启示与总结(第6段):以两个反问句引导读者自我反思常见的认知错误,并点明阅读此书的最终目的——更好地理解并准备应对不确定性。
解题思路分析
4. What is Fooled by Randomness mainly about?
答案:C. The role of luck in life and business.(运气在生活和商业中的作用)
解析: 此题为主旨大意题。解题关键在于抓住文章多次重复的核心概念。
正确选项C的依据:文章第1段介绍该书是“an investigation of luck...”(对运气...的调查)。第3段开篇直接点明:“This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business.”(这本书关乎运气——或者更准确地说,关乎我们如何认知和处理生活及商业中的运气。)这句话是對本書主題最直接、最明確的定義。全文后续内容均围绕“运气(随机性)被误解”这一核心展开。
错误选项解析:A. The success of modern traders.(现代交易员的成功):错误。交易世界在文中仅是作为说明运气被误读的“典型背景”(the most notable forum),书的主题并非歌颂其成功。B. The importance of skill in trading.(技能在交易中的重要性):错误。文章主旨恰恰是批判人们过度强调技能而忽视运气,而非探讨技能本身的重要性。D. The impact of human errors on decision-making.(人为错误对决策的影响):错误。虽然第1段提到“human error”是该书研究的范畴之一,但全文的核心焦点始终是“luck”和“randomness”,而非泛泛的“人为错误”。
5. What’s the purpose of mentioning the characters in paragraph 4?
答案:D. To show examples of those who understood randomness.(展示那些理解随机性的例子)
解析: 此题为写作目的题。解题需准确理解该段首句的概括性陈述与后续例子之间的关系。
正确选项D的依据:第4段首句明确说明了引入这些人物的目的:“The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance.”(书中出现了许多人物,其中一些以他们自己的方式理解了偶然的重要性。)后续列举的人物正是为了具体说明这些“以各自方式理解偶然重要性”的个体。错误选项解析:A. To highlight the significance of their achievements.(强调他们成就的重要性):错误。文章引入这些人物是为了说明他们对“随机性”的认知,而非为了突出其成就本身。B. To emphasize their success in the trading world.(强调他们在交易世界的成功):错误。列举的人物如Yogi Berra(棒球)、Karl Popper(哲学)、Odysseus(神话)等均与交易世界无关。C. To illustrate how foolishness always leads to failure.(说明愚蠢如何总是导致失败):错误。该段确实提到虚构人物Nero “falls victim to his own irrational foolishness”,但这只是其中一个例子,用以说明理解理论与付诸实践的差距,并非该段列举所有人物的核心目的。该段的核心目的是展示“理解随机性”的多样例子。
6. What does “lucky fool” in paragraph 5 really refer to?
答案:C. Someone who owes their success to skill, ignoring luck.(一个将成功归因于技能而忽视运气的人)
解析: 此题为词义概念理解题。解题需要结合该术语的定义及其在上下文中的具体表现。
正确选项C的依据:该段将“lucky fool”描述为“the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time”(恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点的幸运傻瓜),这说明其成功本质源于偶然(运气)。然而,这样的人却“attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s insights and methods”(吸引忠实的追随者,他们相信其导师的洞察力和方法)。这表明“lucky fool”本人及其追随者都将成功错误地归因于其个人的“insights and methods”(洞察力和方法,即技能),而忽略了运气的关键作用。“But no one can copy what is obtained by chance.”(但无人能够复制凭借偶然获得的东西。)这句话进一步强化了其成功的内在随机性和不可复制性,与“技能”的可学习、可复制特性形成对比。错误选项解析:A. A trader known for their skill and achievements.(一位以其技能和成就闻名的交易员):错误。该概念并不特指交易员,且其“闻名”的“技能”可能本身就是一种误解。B. A scholar famous for their insights and methods.(一位以其洞察力和方法闻名的学者):错误。同A,不特指学者,且其“洞察力”可能被高估。
D. A person who foolishly undervalues hard work and devotion.(一个愚蠢地低估努力和奉献的人):错误。文章并未讨论“lucky fool”是否低估努力,核心矛盾在于错误归因(将运气归为技能),而非否定努力。
7. According to the passage, what mistake do people often make?
答案:B. They fail to see how chance affects their success.(他们未能看到机会如何影响他们的成功)
解析: 此题为细节推理题。解题需要综合文章多处关于人们认知错误的描述。
正确选项B的依据:文章的核心论点就是人们系统性地低估了随机性的作用。第3段指出本书探讨“the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives”(低估偶然事件对我们生活的影响)。第5段描述的“lucky fool”现象及其追随者,正是人们“未能看到机会影响成功”的集中体现——他们错误地将由运气带来的成功解读为个人能力的必然结果。第6段的两个反问句“Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan from the genuine innovator?”(我们是否有能力区分幸运的冒充内行者和真正的创新者?)和“Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events?”(我们是否必须总是试图在随机事件中挖掘不存在的讯息?)也直接指向了人们常犯的、无法正确识别运气作用的错误。错误选项解析:A. They overestimate their personal abilities.(他们高估了自己的个人能力):错误。这是一个可能的结果,但文章的焦点更在于错误的“归因方式”(将运气归功于能力),而非高估能力本身这一状态。C. They depend heavily on guidance from mentors.(他们严重依赖导师的指导):错误。依赖导师是“lucky fool”的追随者表现出来的行为,但这只是人们认知错误导致的一个具体表现,而非最根本的、被文章多次强调的普遍错误。D. They overlook significant events in daily life.(他们忽视了日常生活中的重大事件):错误。文章未提及此意。它讨论的是如何“解读”事件(特别是成功),认为其中必有因果(即“挖掘不存在的讯息”),而非“忽视”事件。
阅读C篇
尽管我们飞速奔向一个将大部分问题解决外包给人工智能的未来,但最大的威胁并非超级智能机器。而是我们盲目地过度信任科技巨头,却对我们自身心智的力量信任不足。
艺术思维哲学是避免这一点的好方法。所谓艺术地思考,意味着不仅要运用我们的大脑,还要运用我们的双手、双眼、双耳以及我们的情感来解决问题。这种方法能利用遍布我们全身却常被闲置的认知资源。
改变思维方式是项艰巨的工作。它始于正念练习。获取艺术智能需要留心我们如何用身体思考,如何运用四肢、器官和情感来理解世界。要留意你的身体向你发送的所有不同信息,以及你身体行动所能扮演的不同角色和功能。例如,在交谈中做手势不仅是为了沟通。这些动作常常能帮助说话者理顺思路,并辅助言语的表达。
如今,科技巨头正在宣扬一种对人工智能的狂热与恐惧。是什么让你深陷其中?是无论你看向何处,所见皆同质化的事物。科技巨头给你屏幕,希望你的注意力总是被他们的设备吸引。如果你想在这个充满人工智能的世界中找到更多自由,就请提高你有意识地在不同对象或专注层次之间转移注意力的能力。记住,万物皆源于选择。
艺术思维要求付出努力的正念,以确保我们的行为、我们使用这些技术工具所希望达成的目标,不会削弱我们的人性。正如一行禅师所说:"正念生活是一门艺术,我们每个人都必须训练自己成为艺术家。"
8.关于艺术思维,我们可以了解到什么?
A. 它简化了问题解决。 B. 它专注于开发我们的大脑。
C. 它防止我们过度依赖人工智能。 D. 它有助于推动高科技机器的发展。
9.第3段主要关于什么?
A. 艺术智能的好处。 B. 思维中的身心意识。
C. 保持正念的重要性。 D. 通过动作进行社交互动。
10.在充满人工智能的世界里,作者建议我们做什么?
A. 增强注意力的灵活性。
B. 适应人工智能的兴起。
C. 避免科技巨头的干扰。
D. 提高专注的层次。
11. 这篇文章合适的标题是什么?
A. 艺术思维推动科技巨头发展
B. 过度信任人工智能损害我们的心智
C. 身体行动提升认知功能
D. 在人工智能时代,正念让我们保持人性
文章分析
本文是一篇议论性散文,核心观点是批判在人工智能时代人们过度信任科技巨头与外部技术,而忽视乃至削弱了自身心智与身体本具的认知能力,并提出了以“艺术思维”和“正念”为核心的应对之道。文章结构清晰,遵循“提出问题→提出解决方案→阐述方法→指出现实障碍与应对→总结升华”的论证逻辑。
文章层次:
· 提出问题(第1段):开宗明义,指出在AI飞速发展的未来,最大威胁并非AI本身,而是人类“盲目地过度信任科技巨头”以及“对我们自身心智的力量信任不足”。
· 提出核心方案(第2段):针对上述问题,提出“艺术思维哲学”作为解决方案,并界定其内涵——调动全身心(大脑、双手、眼睛、耳朵、情感)的资源进行问题解决。
· 阐述实践方法(第3段):具体说明如何培养艺术思维,指出其起点是“正念练习”,核心是建立“身心意识”,即觉察身体如何参与思考,并以“手势”为例说明身体动作的认知功能。
· 分析现实障碍与具体对策(第4段):指出“科技巨头”通过同质化的屏幕内容限制人们注意力的现实障碍,并提出在AI世界的应对策略——有意识地、灵活地转移注意力,强调个人选择的重要性。
· 总结与升华(第5段):总结艺术思维的本质是“付出努力的正念”,其终极目的是守护我们的人性不被技术弱化,并引用一行禅师的话,将正念生活提升到“艺术”的高度。
解题思路分析
8. What can we learn about artful thinking?
答案:C. It prevents us from over-relying on AI.(它防止我们过度依赖人工智能)
解析: 此题为细节理解题。解题关键在于理解“艺术思维”在文中被提出的目的和它所起的作用。
正确选项C的依据:文章的逻辑结构是:第1段指出问题(过度信任科技/AI的危险)→ 第2段随即提出“A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this.”(艺术思维哲学是避免这一点的好方法)。此处的“this”即指代第1段提出的“过度信任科技巨头”以及由此可能导致的过度依赖AI的问题。因此,防止过度依赖AI是艺术思维被引入文中的核心目的。错误选项解析:A. It simplifies problem-solving.(它简化了问题解决):错误。第2段说明艺术思维是调动更多身体和情感资源,第3段强调“Changing how we think is hard work”(改变思维方式是项艰巨的工作),这都表明它是一个更复杂、更需要努力的过程,而非简化。B. It focuses on developing our brains.(它专注于开发我们的大脑):错误。第2段明确说明艺术思维是“using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions”(不仅要运用我们的大脑,还要运用...),其焦点是超越大脑的全身心参与。D. It helps promote high-tech machinery.(它有助于推动高科技机器的发展):错误。文章对科技巨头持批判态度,艺术思维被描述为一种抵御其负面影响的个人修养,而非推动其发展的工具。
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
答案:B. Mind-body awareness in thinking.(思维中的身心意识)
解析: 此题为段落主旨题。解题需把握该段的核心重复概念和论述焦点。
正确选项B的依据:该段首句指出改变思维始于“正念练习”,紧接着具体说明这种正念的内容是“being mindful of how we think with our body”(留心我们如何用身体思考)。后续句子反复出现“body”(身体)、“limbs, organs, emotions”(四肢、器官、情感)、“bodily actions”(身体行动)等词,并以“gesturing”(做手势)为例,详细说明了身体动作在思维和交流中的认知功能。因此,整个段落的核心是探讨思维过程中身心之间的关联与意识。错误选项解析:A. Benefits of artful intelligence.(艺术智能的好处):错误。该段重点在描述“如何做”(通过身心意识来实现),而非系统地列举艺术智能带来的“好处”。C. Significance of being mindful.(保持正念的重要性):错误。该表述过于宽泛。该段确实提到正念,但将其非常具体地限定在“对身心互动”的正念上,而非泛泛谈论正念的重要性。D. Social interaction through movements.(通过动作进行社交互动):错误。“手势”的例子是为了说明身体动作对“说话者本人”思维过程的辅助作用(帮助理顺思路、辅助表达),其重点在于认知功能,而非社交互动。
10. What does the author suggest we do in the AI-filled world?
答案:A. Enhance the flexibility of attention.(增强注意力的灵活性)
解析: 此题为细节理解题。解题需定位至作者在分析现实障碍后给出的明确建议。
正确选项A的依据:第4段在指出科技巨头通过屏幕垄断人们注意力后,直接给出了建议:“If you want to find more freedom... improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus.”(如果你想找到更多自由...提高你有意识地在不同对象或专注层次之间转移注意力的能力。)“shift your attention”(转移注意力)即对应“灵活性”。错误选项解析:B. Adapt to the rise of AI.(适应人工智能的兴起):错误。作者的建议是主动地、有意识地管理注意力以保持“自由”,这是一种更具能动性的应对,而非被动地“适应”。C. Avoid the interruptions from Big Tech.(避免科技巨头的干扰):错误。文中未使用“avoid”(避免)一词,且在实际生活中完全避免可能不现实。作者的建议是提升自身能力(注意力灵活性)来争取自由,而非单纯地回避。D. Improve the levels of focus.(提高专注的层次):错误。作者建议的是在不同“levels of focus”(专注层次)之间“shift”(转换),即增强灵活性,而非单纯提高某个专注层次的深度。
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
答案:D. Mindfulness Keeps Us Human in the Age of AI(在人工智能时代,正念让我们保持人性)
解析: 此题为主旨大意题。解题需要综合全文的核心矛盾(技术与人性)和提出的核心解决方案(正念/艺术思维)。
正确选项D的依据:文章结尾段点明主旨:艺术思维(其核心是努力的正念)旨在确保技术“will not weaken our humanity”(不会削弱我们的人性)。最后引用的话也将“Mindful living”(正念生活)称为“an art”(一门艺术)。标题精准地涵盖了文章的两个关键要素:时代背景(Age of AI)与核心解决方案/目的(Mindfulness Keeps Us Human)。错误选项解析:A. Artful Thinking Advances Big Tech(艺术思维推动科技巨头发展):错误。与文章主旨完全相反,艺术思维被表述为抵御科技巨头负面影响的方法。B. Too Much Trust in AI Harms Our Minds(过度信任人工智能损害我们的心智):错误。这个选项只涵盖了第1段提出的“问题”,但没有体现全文大部分篇幅所讨论的“解决方案”(艺术思维与正念)。C. Physical Actions Better Cognitive Functions(身体行动提升认知功能):错误。该选项只概括了第3段的部分内容(身体动作的认知作用),但无法涵盖文章关于科技巨头、注意力自由、守护人性等更宏大的论述,过于片面。
阅读D篇
我们都在为健康和自信追求一个理想的体重数字,常常依据童年记忆、在线计算器或BMI图表。然而,约尼·弗里德霍夫博士警告说,这些方法未能考虑个体差异。由于新陈代谢和生活方式的改变,我们的身体会随着年龄增长发生巨大变化。
几十年来,身体质量指数主导了体重评估。这个简单的高重计算将人们从体重过轻分类到超重。但纽约大学的梅兰妮·杰伊博士指出了它的问题:BMI对20岁的运动员和70岁的祖父母使用相同的范围标准。它忽略了肌肉量、骨密度和健康状况,有时将健康的人归为超重。最近的研究表明,被BMI归类为超重的人中,近30%实际上拥有健康的体脂百分比和正常的代谢状况。
像身体圆润指数这样的新指标则关注腰围而非体重。"腹部脂肪比整体体重更危险,"杰伊博士说。研究表明,器官周围的脂肪会产生与糖尿病和心脏病相关的有害化学物质。然而,即使BRI也有局限性——它无法区分脂肪类型,也无法解释影响腹部大小的医疗状况,如消化系统疾病。
医生们越来越强调整体健康指标,而非特定体重。"我们不是专注于一个'神奇数字',而是检查血压、胆固醇、睡眠质量和能量水平,"杰伊博士指出。对于那些有体重相关健康问题的人,即使减重5-10%也能显著改善健康。一项2023年的研究发现,实现适度减重的患者比那些追求极端减重的患者表现出更好的健康指标。
专家们一致认为,最健康的体重不是从图表中找到的,而是通过可持续的习惯实现的。"当你营养饮食并保持运动时,你的身体会找到它自然的健康体重,"弗里德霍夫博士建议道。对某些人来说,药物或手术可能有帮助,但真正的目标是生活方式的改变——而不是达到体重秤上的理想数字。毕竟,真正的健康不是通过体重秤上瞬间的读数来衡量的,而是通过滋养身体和生活的日常选择来衡量的。
12. 作者为什么提到20岁的运动员和70岁的祖父母?
A. 为了显示BMI的局限性。 B. 为了证明BMI的流行度。
C. 为了描述BMI的主要使用者。 D. 为了介绍BMI的目标群体。
13. BRI的主要优势是什么?
A. 它厘清了不同种类的脂肪。 B. 它评估所有类型的身体脂肪。
C. 它测量高风险的身体脂肪。 D. 它识别脂肪中的有害化学物质。
14. 杰伊博士对体重评估的建议是什么?
A. 停止使用BMI。 B. 专注于特定体重。
C. 考虑多种健康迹象。 D. 采用快速减肥方法。
15. 作者如何看待人们追求理想体重数字的行为?
A. 合理的。
B. 无益的。
C. 危险的。
D. 实用的。
文章分析
本文是一篇科普性议论文,核心观点是批判人们盲目追求单一“理想体重数字”的误区,并倡导通过可持续的生活习惯和综合健康指标来定义真正的健康。文章结构清晰,遵循“指出普遍现象及问题→分析传统评估工具(BMI)的缺陷→介绍新指标(BRI)及其局限→提出更科学的评估视角(综合健康指标)→总结健康本质(可持续生活方式)”的论证逻辑。
文章层次:
· 指出问题(第1段):开篇点明人们常通过不可靠的方法(如童年记忆、BMI)追求理想体重,并引用专家指出其核心问题在于忽略个体差异和身体随年龄的变化。
· 批判传统工具:BMI(第2段):具体分析BMI作为主流评估工具的局限性,通过“20岁运动员 vs 70岁祖父母”的对比,说明其忽略身体成分(肌肉、骨骼)和健康状况,并引用数据佐证其误判率。
· 分析新指标:BRI(第3段):引入更关注腹部脂肪(内脏脂肪)的新指标BRI,说明其关注“更危险的脂肪”的理论依据,同时客观指出其仍存在局限性(无法区分脂肪类型、忽略病理因素)。
· 提出科学视角:综合健康指标(第4段):转向解决方案,强调医生更关注血压、胆固醇、睡眠等多维度健康标志,而非单一体重数字,并以研究和数据(5-10%减重、2023年研究)支持“适度改善优于追求极端”的观点。
· 总结健康本质(第5段):总结全文,明确最健康的体重源于可持续的营养与运动习惯,而非图表数字,点明真正目标是生活方式改变,并以“健康由日常选择衡量”升华主题。
解题思路分析
12. Why does the author mention 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents?
答案:A. To show BMI’s limitations.(为了显示BMI的局限性)
解析: 此题为写作目的题。解题关键在于理解该例子在段落论证中所起的具体作用。
正确选项A的依据:该例子出现在第2段,该段的核心是批判BMI的缺陷。在提出“BMI gives the same ranges for...”之前,本段先总述“BMI dominated...”,然后通过“Yet Dr. Melanie Jay... points out its problems”进行转折。这个例子紧随其后,是作为“its problems”的具体例证。它生动地说明了BMI标准“一刀切”的荒谬性,即它无法区分体质截然不同的人群,从而证明了其“ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions”的局限性。
错误选项解析:B. To prove BMI’s popularity.(为了证明BMI的流行度):错误。该例子意在批判BMI的问题,而非证明其流行。段首句已说明其“dominated”,无需再证明。C. To describe BMI’s main users.(为了描述BMI的主要使用者):错误。运动员和祖父母是为了对比说明问题而举的例子,并非在描述BMI的主要用户群体。D. To introduce BMI’s target group.(为了介绍BMI的目标群体):错误。BMI作为一种通用筛查工具,并无特定目标群体。例子旨在揭示其普适性标准本身存在的问题。
13. What is the main advantage of BRI?
答案:C. It measures highly risky body fat.(它测量高风险的身体脂肪)
解析: 此题为细节理解题。解题需定位BRI被介绍时强调的其与传统BMI的不同之处和关注重点。正确选项C的依据:第3段开篇即指出BRI “focus on waist size instead of weight”(关注腰围而非体重)。紧接着引用Dr. Jay的话解释原因:“Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight”(腹部脂肪比整体体重更危险),并进一步说明内脏脂肪与疾病的关联。因此,BRI的主要优势在于它将评估重点从总体重转移到了更具健康风险的内脏脂肪的测量上。错误选项解析:A. It clarifies different kinds of fat.(它厘清了不同种类的脂肪):错误。段落明确提到BRI的局限性之一就是“it can’t distinguish between fat types”(它无法区分脂肪类型)。B. It evaluates all types of body fat.(它评估所有类型的身体脂肪):错误。BRI通过腰围主要评估腹部脂肪,而非所有类型的体脂。D. It identifies harmful chemicals in fat.(它识别脂肪中的有害化学物质):错误。文中提到脂肪产生有害化学物质是为了说明为什么腹部脂肪危险,这是医学研究发现,并非BRI这个指标本身的功能。
14. What is Dr. Jay’s suggestion for weight assessment?
答案:C. Considering multiple health signs.(考虑多种健康迹象)
解析: 此题为细节理解题。解题需直接定位文中Dr. Jay提出的明确建议。
正确选项C的依据:在第4段中,Dr. Jay被直接引用:“Instead of focusing on a 'magic number,' we examine blood pressure, cholesterol, sleep quality and energy levels”(我们不是专注于一个‘神奇数字’,而是检查血压、胆固醇、睡眠质量和能量水平)。这句话清晰地表明了她的建议:从关注单一体重数字,转向评估多种健康指标。错误选项解析:A. Stopping using BMI.(停止使用BMI):错误。文中Dr. Jay指出了BMI的局限性,但并未直接建议完全停止使用它。B. Focusing on specific weights.(专注于特定体重):错误。这与她的直接建议“Instead of focusing on a 'magic number'...”完全相反。D. Adopting rapid weight loss approaches.(采用快速减肥方法):错误。第4段后半部分提到的是“modest weight reduction”(适度减重)并对比了“extreme weight loss”(极端减重),暗示支持前者而非快速方法。
15. What does the author think of people’s pursuing an ideal weight number?
答案:B. Unhelpful.(无益的)
解析: 此题为观点态度题。解题需要综合全文基调,尤其是开头和结尾的评论性语句。
正确选项B的依据:开篇即指出人们常用的追求理想体重的方法“fail to consider individual differences”(未能考虑个体差异),暗示其不科学。全文通过分析BMI和BRI的局限,论证了单一数字的不可靠性。结尾段明确指出“The healthiest weight... isn’t found on charts”(最健康的体重...不是从图表中找到的),并总结“True health... is measured not by a momentary reading on a scale”(真正的健康...不是通过体重秤上瞬间的读数来衡量的)。这些表述都强烈表明,作者认为执着于一个“理想体重数字”对于实现真正的健康是没有帮助的(Unhelpful),甚至可能将人引向错误的方向。错误选项解析:A. Reasonable.(合理的):错误。这与全文的批判性基调相悖。C. Dangerous.(危险的):错误。作者指出了其误区和不科学性,但全文语气是劝诫和引导,并未使用极端词汇将其定性为“危险”。D. Practical.(实用的):错误。作者恰恰在论证这种方法因忽略个体差异和健康多维性而不切实际。
阅读七选五
想象一下,你正在爬一座山,爬到一半时对自己说:“你知道吗,我要爬下去,以后再来完成。”
听起来很傻,但这正是我们经常做的事情。我们有项目等着被完成。有些人上了大学但从未毕业。我们有书从未读完。这样的例子还有很多。许多人善于开始事情,但似乎无法强势完成。
未完成我们开始的事情一直是我们重复的问题。我们必须面对它。不是一个强大的完成者会限制我们实现目标的能力。每当我们延迟或搁置那些能帮助我们实现目标的事情时,我们就停止了发展我们的潜力。
未完成不仅使我们停止进步,而且当我们决定重新开始时,会发现更难。考虑一下:每当我开始一个新的锻炼计划,我的肌肉会疼几天。经过几周的常规锻炼,肌肉适应了计划并变得更强壮。因此,不再疼痛。但是,当我休息一段时间后,我害怕重新开始。我知道我的肌肉又会疼痛。
强大的完成者能够专注于从他们开始的任何事情中获得最佳结果。那么,我们如何知道我们是一个强大的完成者?除了巨大的成就感,别人会开始注意到变化。他们会看到我们能够攀登并征服高山。他们别无选择,只能认可我们强大的完成能力。我们将获得他们更多的信任。
A. 这样的例子还有很多。
B. 我们应该有信心。
C. 为什么我们不再有兴趣了?
D. 听起来很傻,但这正是我们经常做的事情。
E. 我知道我的肌肉又会疼痛。
F. 他们会看到我们能够攀登并征服高山。
G. 不是一个强大的完成者会限制我们实现目标的能力。
文章分析
本文是一篇关于个人成长与习惯养成的议论性散文,核心观点是批判人们普遍存在的"半途而废"行为模式,并倡导培养"强势完成"的能力。文章采用"比喻引入→现象描述→问题分析→后果阐述→解决方案与价值"的递进式结构。
结构分析:
· 比喻引入段(含16空):以"爬山半途而废"的生动比喻开篇,需要填入一个承上启下的句子,将这个比喻与人们的日常行为联系起来。
· 现象描述段(含17空):具体列举生活中各种"有始无终"的现象,需要填入一个能够总结并扩展这些现象的句子。
· 问题分析段(含18空):明确指出"未完成"是个需要面对的严重问题,需要填入一个具体阐述其危害本质的句子。
· 后果阐述段(含19空):通过"健身中断后重启"的具体例子,说明半途而废带来的心理障碍,需要填入一个描述具体恐惧的句子。
· 价值升华段(含20空):阐述成为"强势完成者"带来的积极变化和回报,需要填入一个形象展示这种积极形象的比喻句。
解题思路分析
16. 答案:D. Sounds silly, but that is what we do all of the time.
空前文(英文): Imagine climbing a mountain and getting half way up and saying to yourself, “You know what, I’m going to climb back down and finish this later.”
翻译: 想象一下,你正在爬一座山,爬到一半时对自己说:“你知道吗,我要爬下去,以后再来完成。”
空后文(英文): We have projects that sit waiting to be completed.
翻译: 我们有项目等着被完成。
精确分析:解题关键:空前文描述了一个具体、看似荒谬的“爬山半途而废”的比喻。空后文则立即转向现实生活中“项目未完成”的普遍现象。此处需要一个能够将隐喻与现实连接起来的桥梁句。正确选项D的依据:“Sounds silly” 直接评价并呼应了前文那个看似愚蠢的爬山场景。“but that is what we do all of the time” 作为一个强有力的转折,将这个比喻的本质与我们日常的普遍行为划上等号,从而极其自然地将话题从“爬山”引向了后文“项目、学业、阅读”等现实生活中的“半途而废”现象。选项D的衔接作用:它完成了从“具体比喻”到“普遍行为”的过渡,是连接上下文不可或缺的一环。
17. 答案:A. The list goes on and on.
空前文(英文): We have projects that sit waiting to be completed. Some people start college but never graduate. We have books that we never finish reading.
翻译: 我们有项目等着被完成。有些人上了大学但从未毕业。我们有书从未读完。
空后文(英文): Many people are great at beginning things but can’t seem to finish strong.
翻译: 许多人善于开始事情,但似乎无法强势完成。
精确分析:解题关键:空前文连续列举了三个关于“有始无终”的具体例子。空后文则是对这一系列现象的高度概括。在具体例子和概括性结论之间,最自然的衔接就是用一个表示“此类情况还有很多”的句子来收束列举,并暗示这种现象的普遍性。正确选项A的依据:“The list goes on and on” 直译为“这个列表可以一直继续下去”,它完美地总结了前面的列举,暗示这些只是冰山一角,从而强调了“半途而废”问题的普遍性和严重性。这句话为后文“Many people...”这个概括性论断提供了充分的事实基础和逻辑铺垫。选项A的衔接作用:它作为列举的结束语和概括的引导句,使行文从具体自然过渡到一般。
18. 答案:G. Not being a strong finisher can limit our ability to conquer our goals.
空前文(英文): Not finishing what we started has been a repeated problem for us. We have to face it.
翻译: 未完成我们开始的事情一直是我们重复的问题。我们必须面对它。
空后文(英文): Whenever we delay, or put to the side, the things that will help us accomplish our goals, we stop developing our potential.
翻译: 每当我们延迟或搁置那些能帮助我们实现目标的事情时,我们就停止了发展我们的潜力。
精确分析:解题关键:空前文郑重地指出问题并呼吁“面对它”。空后文则具体描述了“拖延”如何导致“潜力停滞”。此处需要一个句子,能明确指出“不善于完成”这件事所带来的核心危害是什么,从而解释为什么我们必须“面对它”。正确选项G的依据:“Not being a strong finisher” 精准地定义了前文提出的核心问题。“can limit our ability to conquer our goals” 则一针见血地指出了这个问题的根本危害——它阻碍我们实现目标。这直接为后文“停止发展潜力”提供了原因和具体的表现。选项G的衔接作用:它在“提出问题”和“分析后果”之间建立了清晰的因果逻辑链,是承上启下的关键论断。
19. 答案:E. I know that my muscles are going to be sore again.
空前文(英文): Well, when I take some time off I fear starting again.
翻译: 但是,当我休息一段时间后,我害怕重新开始。
空后文:此空后无直接承接的句子,本段结束。
精确分析:解题关键:空前文明确表达了“害怕重新开始”的情绪。为了增强说服力,需要立即解释产生这种恐惧的具体、真实的原因。前文关于健身体验的描述为此提供了完美的伏笔。正确选项E的依据:“I know that my muscles are going to be sore again” 给出了“害怕”的直接原因——对即将再次经历的痛苦的预知。这个原因与前文“每当我开始一个新的锻炼计划我的肌肉会疼几天”的描述形成了完美的呼应,使得这种恐惧感非常真实可信,极大地增强了论证的说服力。选项E的衔接作用:它作为前文“恐惧”的缘由说明,使个人体验的论证更加完整和深刻。
20. 答案:F. They will see we are able to climb and conquer the mountain.
空前文(英文): Along with the huge feeling of accomplishment, other people will begin to notice the change.
翻译: 除了巨大的成就感,别人会开始注意到变化。
空后文(英文): They will have no choice but to recognize our strong finishing ability.
翻译: 他们别无选择,只能认可我们强大的完成能力。
精确分析:
· 解题关键:空前文说“别人会注意到变化”,空后文说“他们只能认可我们的能力”。在“注意到变化”和“认可能力”之间,需要一句话来具体化这个“变化”是什么,即别人会“看到”我们什么样的新形象。
· 正确选项F的依据:“They will see we are able to climb and conquer the mountain” 是一个极具力量的隐喻。它巧妙地回归并颠覆了文章开头的“半途而废的爬山者”形象。现在,别人看到的不是一个放弃者,而是一个能够“攀登并征服高山”的完成者。这个生动的形象具体地展示了什么是“变化”,也直接解释了为什么后文会说别人“不得不认可”你的能力。选项F的衔接作用:它通过一个精彩的首尾呼应,将“变化”具体化、形象化,并为后文的结论提供了坚实的事实依据。
完形填空
我在去父亲家的路上。连绵的小雨让我的驾驶有点挑战性。突然,我的车开始甩尾,朝一个堤岸冲去,翻滚了三圈。
路过的司机靠边停车来帮忙。一名护士出现,稳定了我的脖子,有人拨打了911。消防部门赶到,费了很大劲,把我从车里救了出来。
不久,我得知我的背部和颈部骨折,需要被转移到另一家能处理严重损伤的医院。那里的医生下令为我制作一个塑料全身石膏。当我最终出院时,被告知要佩戴全身石膏四个月。
我一直很活跃,所以受到限制对我来说完全陌生。我感觉自己失去了对生活的控制。我决定找回我的生活。我开始进行物理治疗,持续四十天后,我回到了工作岗位,全身石膏穿在衣服下面。尽管我不得不限制行动,但我能相当正常地运作。
当全身石膏脱下后,我继续物理治疗,并在一年内开始做瑜伽。我从未怀疑过自己的康复能力。我总是盯着目标,即恢复我的正常活动,即使我不能以和以前完全相同的方式做所有事情。
我很幸运能活着,并有能力做我仍然能做的事。
21. A. 刺激的 B. 有挑战性的 C. 令人耳目一新的 D. 无聊的
22. A. 朝向 B. 跳跃 C. 指向 D. 倾斜
23. A. 加速 B. 抛锚 C. 靠边停车 D. 小心
24. A. 摩擦 B. 转动 C. 抓住 D. 稳定
25. A. 努力 B. 娱乐 C. 善意 D. 妥协
26. A. 事故 B. 损伤 C. 后果 D. 危机
27. A. 可接近的 B. 有害的 C. 吸引人的 D. 陌生的
28. A. 轨道 B. 控制 C. 视线 D. 计数
29. A. 获得 B. 记录 C. 错过 D. 持续
30. A. 穿着 B. 抛弃 C. 改善 D. 恢复
31. A. 自动地 B. 快速地 C. 正常地 D. 不倦地
32. A. 继续 B. 转身 C. 用完 D. 脱落
33. A. 发展 B. 怀疑 C. 高估 D. 认可
34. A. 奖品 B. 天赋 C. 代价 D. 健康
35. A. 轻微地 B. 基本地 C. 完全地 D. 典型地
文章分析
文体: 记叙文
主旨: 本文讲述了作者经历严重车祸后,从身体受创、心理受挫到通过坚持不懈的康复训练重获新生的心路历程,展现了"坚韧不拔、珍视生命"的深刻主题。
叙事脉络: 文章采用经典的四段式叙事结构:事故发生→紧急救治→康复历程→人生感悟,通过细腻的心理描写和具体的康复细节,真实再现了作者从绝望到重生的完整过程。
结构分析:
· 第一段(事故发生): 开篇以"去父亲家"营造平静氛围,随即用"小雨"和"甩尾"制造紧张转折。通过"翻滚三圈"的惊险描述,生动展现事故的严重性,为后续的伤势埋下伏笔。
· 第二段(紧急救治): 以"路人相助"展现人间温情,通过"护士稳定颈部"、"消防员费力救援"等细节,既体现专业救援的重要性,又暗示伤势的严重程度。
· 第三段(伤情诊断与初期治疗): "背部和颈部骨折"揭示伤情的严重性,"全身石膏四个月"点明康复的漫长与艰难,为下文的心理挣扎做好铺垫。
· 第四段(康复历程): 通过"失去控制"到"决定找回生活"的心理转变,展现主人公的觉醒。"四十天重返工作"体现坚韧,"石膏藏于衣下"的细节展现适应困境的智慧。
· 第五段(突破与感悟): "一年内练瑜伽"见证康复奇迹,"从未怀疑"彰显坚定信念,"不能完全相同"体现现实的理性认知,最后的感恩升华主题。
解题思路分析
21. 答案:B. challenging(有挑战性的)分析: 空前提到"constant drizzle"(连绵小雨),在这种湿滑路况下驾驶自然会增加难度。"challenging"准确描述了雨天行车的困难状态。错误选项分析: A. thrilling(刺激的)带有积极情绪,与事故前的平静氛围不符;C. refreshing(令人耳目一新的)违背常识,雨天驾驶不会令人清爽;D. boring(无聊的)虽可能但不如challenging精准体现驾驶难度。
22. 答案:A. headed(朝向)分析: 空前的"fishtailing"(甩尾)描述车辆失控状态,空后的"bank"(堤岸)是失控方向。"headed toward"准确表达车辆朝某个方向移动的状态。错误选项分析: B. jumped(跳跃)不符合汽车失控的物理特性;C. pointed(指向)通常用于静态方向;D. leaned(倾斜)程度不足,无法体现失控冲去的动态。
23. 答案:C. pulled over(靠边停车)分析: 空后的"to help"(来帮忙)是解题关键,要帮助事故受害者,首先需要停车。"pulled over"准确描述路过司机靠边停车相助的行为。错误选项分析: A. sped up(加速)与帮助行为相反;B. broke down(抛锚)描述车辆故障,与上下文无关;D. watched out(小心)是提醒而非实际行动。
24. 答案:D. stabilized(稳定)分析: 空前的"nurse"(护士)身份和空后的"neck"(颈部)是解题关键。在事故现场,颈部受伤最需要的是固定稳定,防止二次伤害。错误选项分析: A. rubbed(摩擦)会加重伤势;B. turned(转动)极其危险;C. grabbed(抓住)不够专业。
25. 答案:A. effort(努力)分析: 空前的"fire department"(消防部门)和"removed me from the vehicle"(把我从车里救出)暗示救援难度大。"with much effort"准确描述救援需要耗费大力气。错误选项分析: B. amusement(娱乐)完全不合语境;C. kindness(善意)虽正面但无法体现救援的费力;D. compromise(妥协)与积极救援相悖。
26. 答案:B. injuries(损伤)分析: 空前的"broken my back and neck"(背部和颈部骨折)明确是身体损伤,且医院是专门处理创伤的。"serious injuries"准确概括伤情性质。错误选项分析: A. accidents(事故)指事件本身而非伤情;C. consequences(后果)过于宽泛;D. crises(危机)通常指重大紧急状况。
27. 答案:D. foreign(陌生的)分析: 空前的"always been active"(一直很活跃)与"being restricted"(受到限制)形成强烈对比。对活跃的人来说,受限制的状态是完全陌生的。错误选项分析: A. accessible(可接近的)语义不通;B. harmful(有害的)虽可能但不如foreign贴切体现心理冲击;C. engaging(吸引人的)与受限制的负面感受相反。
28. 答案:B. control(控制)分析: 空前的"being restricted"(受到限制)直接导致失去自主权。"lost control of my life"准确表达重伤者常见的心理感受。错误选项分析: A. track(轨道)指方向而非控制权;C. sight(视线)过于具体;D. count(计数)与语境无关。
29. 答案:D. lasting(持续)分析: 空前的"after"(之后)和"forty days"(四十天)需要表示时间延续的动词。"lasting"准确描述物理治疗持续的时间。错误选项分析: A. gaining(获得)不适用于时间;B. recording(记录)主语应该是人而非治疗;C. missing(错过)与积极康复相反。
30. 答案:A. wearing(穿着)分析: 空后的"body cast underneath my clothes"(全身石膏在衣服下面)明确需要表示"穿戴"的动词。错误选项分析: B. abandoning(抛弃)与医嘱相反;C. improving(改善)不搭配石膏;D. restoring(恢复)语义不通。
31. 答案:C. normally(正常地)分析: 空前的"could function fairly"(能够相当...地运作)与"while I had to limit how I moved"(尽管不得不限制行动)形成让步关系。"normally"准确表达在限制下仍能基本正常生活。错误选项分析: A. automatically(自动地)不符合语境;B. quickly(快速地)与行动受限矛盾;D. tirelessly(不倦地)与伤者状态不符。
32. 答案:D. came off(脱落)分析: 空前的"body cast"(全身石膏)和空后的"continued physical therapy"(继续物理治疗)暗示石膏拆除的阶段。"came off"准确描述石膏被取下的过程。错误选项分析: A. carried on(继续)主语应该是人而非石膏;B. turned around(转身)不搭配石膏;C. ran out(用完)通常指物品耗尽。
33. 答案:B. doubted(怀疑)分析: 空后的"ability to recover"(康复能力)和全文积极康复的主题,需要否定词表达坚定信念。"never doubted"准确体现作者的信心。错误选项分析: A. developed(发展)与始终有的信念不符;C. overestimated(高估)带贬义;D. recognized(认可)程度不足。
34. 答案:A. prize(奖品)分析: "keep one's eyes on the prize"是固定搭配,比喻专注于目标。空后的"regaining my normal activities"(恢复正常活动)正是作者追求的"奖品"。错误选项分析: B. talent(天赋)与康复目标无关;C. cost(代价)带负面意义;D. health(健康)虽相关但不如prize贴切这个习语。
35. 答案:C. exactly(完全地)分析: 空后的"the same way I did before"(和以前相同的方式)需要程度副词。"exactly"准确表达无法完全复刻过去的遗憾,体现现实的理性认知。错误选项分析: A. slightly(轻微地)程度过轻;B. basically(基本地)与作者已能正常运作的状态矛盾;D. typically(典型地)不适用于个人体验的比较。
语法填空
苏轼是一位诗人、政治家和教育家,但他还多才多艺。这位惊人地聪明且富有创造力的人的众多才华之一便是烹饪。迄今为止,他最著名的菜肴当属东坡肉。
苏轼还是一位书法大师,位列宋代四大书法家之首。在成年之前,他学习了王羲之的书法,而后在人生后期又转向研习颜真卿的作品。尽管如此,苏轼的书法反映了他开放的个性和自我表达的渴望。他的《寒食帖》讲述了他在流放期间的经历。起伏的笔触是苏轼情感的抒发,随着故事的推进,字形也随之变化。
除了是一位有天赋的书法家,苏轼还是一位杰出的画家。他用画笔寥寥数转勾勒出的树木、岩石和竹子,风格自由简朴,但意蕴丰富而富有表现力。对苏轼而言,一棵古树尤其具有象征意义,因为它代表了历经磨难却依然挺立生长。苏轼对绘画艺术的见解也具有创新性。通过他的画作,他开始探索艺术家如何能通过作品表达他们内心最深处的思想与经历。在他眼中,画即是诗,诗即是画。
文章分析
文体: 说明性传记
主旨: 本文系统介绍了苏轼(苏东坡)在诗歌、政治、教育之外的多元才华,重点展现其作为烹饪家、书法家和画家的杰出成就,通过具体作品和艺术理念揭示其开放天性、创新精神与艺术追求的统一性。
结构分析:
· 开篇总述(首段):以"poet, politician and educator"点明苏轼的基础身份,通过"but"转折引出其"many other strings to his bow"(多才多艺)的核心主题,并以最广为人知的"东坡肉"为例开启具体说明。
· 书法成就段(第二段):从"书法大师"的定位入手,通过"位列宋代四大书法家之首"确立其书法地位,以学习王羲之、颜真卿的历程展现其艺术渊源,最后以《寒食帖》为例,深入解析其书法艺术中"笔触随情感起伏"的自我表达特质。
· 绘画成就段(第三、四段):先以"杰出画家"定位,通过"树木、竹石"等具体题材说明其"简而不凡"的艺术风格;进而深入解析其绘画中的象征意义(如古树的坚韧寓意)和创新理念("画是无声诗"的艺术观),完整呈现其绘画艺术的思想深度。
解题思路分析
36题解题思路分析
答案: amazingly考点: 词性转换(形容词→副词)
详细分析:句子结构:空格位于"this"与"clever and creative man"之间,构成"this + ______ + 形容词 + 名词"结构。语法要求:需要副词修饰形容词短语"clever and creative"。词形变化:形容词"amazing" + 副词后缀"-ly" = "amazingly"
知识点延伸:形容词变副词的常见规则:
直接加-ly: quick → quickly, careful → carefully
以-y结尾变-ily: happy → happily, easy → easily
以-le结尾去e加-y: simple → simply, possible → possibly
副词修饰形容词的位置:通常位于形容词之前
易混淆点:有些形容词和副词同形(fast, hard, early等)
错误选项分析:
• 如使用形容词形式"amazing",会造成语法错误,无法正确修饰后面的形容词
• 如使用动词形式"amaze",完全不符合语法结构要求
37题解题思路分析
答案: ranked
考点: 非谓语动词(过去分词作状语)
详细分析:句子结构:主句"Su Shi was also a master calligrapher"完整,空格后为补充说明。语态判断:主语"Su Shi"与动词"rank"构成被动关系,苏轼是被排名的对象。语法结构:过去分词"ranked"作状语,相当于省略了"who was"。
知识点延伸:
• 过去分词作状语的用法:
表被动:Followed by his students, the teacher entered the classroom.
表完成:Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
表状态:Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.
• 现在分词与过去分词的区别:现在分词表主动、进行。过去分词表被动、完成
错误选项分析:
• 如使用现在分词"ranking",表示主动关系,但苏轼不是排名的执行者
• 如使用动词原形"rank",会造成句子结构混乱,出现两个谓语
38题解题思路分析
答案: tells
考点: 谓语动词时态(一般现在时)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:主语"His 'Cold Food Observance'"为单数,需要谓语动词
• 时态判断:描述艺术作品永恒内容时使用一般现在时
• 主谓一致:第三人称单数主语需要动词加-s
知识点延伸:
• 一般现在时的特殊用法:
o 表示客观真理:The sun rises in the east.
o 表示永恒状态:This book belongs to me.
o 表示艺术作品内容:The poem describes beautiful scenery.
• 第三人称单数动词变化规则:
o 一般加-s: work → works
o 以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es: teach → teaches
o 以辅音字母+y结尾变-ies: study → studies
错误选项分析:
• 如使用过去式"told",无法体现艺术作品内容的永恒性
• 如使用进行时"is telling",不符合描述作品内容的语法习惯
39题解题思路分析
答案: as
考点: 连词(时间状语从句)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:连接两个完整分句"the story builds"和"so do the characters"
• 逻辑关系:表示两个动作同步进行、同步发展
• 语法功能:引导时间状语从句,强调渐进式的同步变化
知识点延伸:
• 时间状语从句常用连词:
o as:强调同步发展,两个动作同时进行且相互影响
o when:侧重某个时间点发生的动作
o while:强调在某个时间段内持续进行的动作
o 区别:As I grew older, I became wiser.(同步变化)
When I arrived, he was reading.(时间点)
While I was reading, he was sleeping.(时间段)
错误选项分析:
• 如使用"when",无法准确表达渐进式的同步变化关系
• 如使用"while",侧重时间段而非变化过程
40题解题思路分析
答案: distinguished
考点: 词性转换(动词→形容词)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:空格位于冠词"a"与名词"painter"之间
• 语法要求:需要形容词作定语修饰名词
• 词形变化:动词"distinguish" + 过去分词后缀"-ed" = "distinguished"
知识点延伸:
• 动词变形容词的常见方式:
o 现在分词形式:exciting, interesting(表主动)
o 过去分词形式:excited, interested(表被动)
o 其他派生形式:avoid → avoidable, rely → reliable
• 过去分词作定语的用法:
o 表完成:a broken window
o 表被动:a respected teacher
o 表状态:a tired child
错误选项分析:
• 如使用动词原形"distinguish",无法直接修饰名词
• 如使用现在分词"distinguishing",表示主动意义,不符合语境
41题解题思路分析
答案: bamboos
考点: 名词单复数
详细分析:
• 句子结构:与"trees, rocks"构成并列结构
• 语法要求:并列结构中名词的数要保持一致
• 词形变化:可数名词"bamboo" + 复数后缀"-s" = "bamboos"
知识点延伸:
• 名词复数的特殊用法:
o 不可数名词用作可数:tea → teas(不同种类的茶)
o 物质名词的复数形式:steel → steels(不同型号的钢)
o 抽象名词具体化:beauty → beauties(美人)
• 并列结构的一致性原则:
o 数的一致:trees, rocks and bamboos
o 格的一致:my book, his pen and their classroom
o 词性一致:reading, writing and speaking
错误选项分析:
• 如使用单数"bamboo",破坏并列结构的一致性
• 如使用不可数形式,无法表达画中多棵竹子的含义
42题解题思路分析
答案: symbolic
考点: 词性转换(名词→形容词)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:位于系动词"was"后,构成系表结构
• 语法要求:需要形容词作表语
• 词形变化:名词"symbol" + 形容词后缀"-ic" = "symbolic"
知识点延伸:
• 名词变形容词的常见后缀:
o -ic: hero → heroic, history → historic
o -al: nature → natural, culture → cultural
o -ous: danger → dangerous, fame → famous
o -ful: beauty → beautiful, care → careful
• 系表结构的构成:
o 系动词 + 形容词:be, become, seem, look, feel等
o 系动词 + 名词:be, become, remain等
错误选项分析:
• 如使用名词形式"symbol",无法构成正确的系表结构
• 如使用动词形式"symbolize",词性和语法功能都不符合要求
43题解题思路分析
答案: continuing
考点: 非谓语动词(动名词平行结构)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:与前面的"surviving"通过"but still"连接
• 语法要求:保持平行结构,动词形式要一致
• 语法功能:动名词作宾语,与"surviving"并列
知识点延伸:
• 平行结构的基本原则:
o 词性一致:reading and writing
o 时态一致:has gone and has taken
o 语态一致:to be or not to be
o 结构一致:by bus, by train or by plane
• 动名词的语法功能:
o 作主语:Swimming is good exercise.
o 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.
o 作表语:His job is teaching.
错误选项分析:
• 如使用不定式"to continue",破坏平行结构
• 如使用谓语形式"continues",造成句子结构错误
44题解题思路分析
答案: on
考点: 固定介词搭配
详细分析:
• 搭配结构:"perspective on sth"固定搭配
• 语法功能:介词连接名词"perspective"与"the art of painting"
• 语义关系:表示"对...的观点、看法"
知识点延伸:
• 与"观点、看法"相关的介词搭配:
o opinion on/about
o view on/of
o attitude to/toward
o perspective on
• 介词选择的原则:
o 习惯搭配:depend on, belong to
o 语义需要:look at(看), look for(寻找)
o 语法结构:prevent sb from doing
错误选项分析:
• 如使用"about",虽语义接近但不是最佳搭配
• 如使用"of",改变语义关系,不符合表达习惯
________________________________________
45题解题思路分析
答案: how
考点: 连接副词(宾语从句)
详细分析:
• 句子结构:引导宾语从句"an artist could express..."
• 语法要求:从句结构完整,需要连接副词
• 语义功能:表示方式,意为"如何"
知识点延伸:
• 宾语从句连接词的选择:
o that:只起连接作用,无实际意义
o what:在从句中作主语、宾语、表语
o how:表示方式,在从句中作状语
o when/where/why:分别表示时间、地点、原因
• 连接副词的语法功能:
o how:表示方式
o when:表示时间
o where:表示地点
o why:表示原因
错误选项分析:
• 如使用"that",无法表达"方式"的含义
• 如使用"what",在从句中需要充当成分,但从句结构完整
应用文写作
你校英文报就“是否应开设生活技能课程”发起讨论,请你以“Are Life Skills Classes Necessary?”为题,写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
(1)你的看法;
(2)说明理由。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸 相应位置作答。
Are Life Skills Classes Necessary?
I firmly believe life skills classes are absolutely necessary for students.
Initially, these classes fill a gap in traditional education. Subjects like cooking, budgeting, and basic home repairs are rarely taught in regular lessons, but they are essential for independent adult life. For example, learning to manage money helps us avoid financial troubles later. Secondly, life skills boost confidence. Mastering practical tasks, such as sewing a button or fixing a broken lamp, makes us feel capable of handling real-life challenges.
In short, life skills classes prepare us for the future beyond exams. Schools should definitely include them in the curriculum.
中文翻译
生活技能课程是否必要?
我坚信生活技能课程对学生而言绝对必要。
首先,这些课程填补了传统教育的空白。诸如烹饪、理财和基础家居维修等科目在常规课程中鲜少教授,但它们对独立的成人生活至关重要。例如,学习管理资金有助于我们日后避免财务困境。其次,生活技能能提升自信心。掌握如缝纽扣或修理坏台灯等实际任务,会让我们感到有能力应对现实生活中的挑战。
简而言之,生活技能课程为我们应对考试之外的未来做好准备。学校绝对应该将其纳入课程体系。
文章分析与好词好句总结
· 首段(亮明观点):开篇直接表明坚定立场"I firmly believe...",明确回答题目问题,立场鲜明。
· 第二段(分层论证):从"填补教育空白"和"提升自信心"两个并列层面展开论证,每点均配以具体生活实例支撑,逻辑清晰。
· 结尾段(总结呼吁):用"In short"自然过渡到结论,重申课程价值,并以强烈建议"definitely include"收尾,简洁有力。
2. 好词总结(附带中文翻译):
·
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· firmly believe - 坚信
· absolutely necessary - 绝对必要
· fill a gap - 填补空白
· traditional education - 传统教育
· essential for - 对...至关重要
· independent adult life - 独立的成人生活
· manage money - 管理资金
· financial troubles - 财务困境
· boost confidence - 提升自信心
· practical tasks - 实际任务
· real-life challenges - 现实生活挑战
· prepare for the future - 为未来做准备
· beyond exams - 超越考试
· include in the curriculum - 纳入课程体系
3. 好句总结(附带中文翻译):
· "I firmly believe life skills classes are absolutely necessary for students."(我坚信生活技能课程对学生而言绝对必要。)——立场鲜明
· "These classes fill a gap in traditional education."(这些课程填补了传统教育的空白。)——精准指出现状
· "Subjects like... are rarely taught in regular lessons, but they are essential for..."(诸如...的科目在常规课程中鲜少教授,但它们对...至关重要。)——对比突出重要性
· "Learning to manage money helps us avoid financial troubles later."(学习管理资金有助于我们日后避免财务困境。)——具体例证
· "Mastering practical tasks... makes us feel capable of handling real-life challenges."(掌握实际任务让我们感到有能力应对现实挑战。)——因果论证
· "Life skills classes prepare us for the future beyond exams."(生活技能课程为我们应对考试之外的未来做好准备。)——升华意义
同类话题写作思路与表达归纳
1. 亮明观点常用句式:
· I firmly believe that...(我坚信...)
· There is no doubt that...(毫无疑问...)
· It is undeniable that...(不可否认...)
· I am convinced that...(我确信...)
· From my perspective, ...(依我之见...)
2. 分层论证核心表达:
· 首要理由:First and foremost, ...(首要的是...)/ The primary reason is that...(主要理由是...)
· 其次理由:Secondly, .../ Furthermore, ...(此外...)/ What's more, ...(更重要的是...)
· 具体例证:For instance, .../ For example, .../ Take... as an example(以...为例)
· 因果论证:... helps us...(...帮助我们...)/ ... enables us to...(...使我们能够...)/ ... makes us...(...使我们...)
3. 教育话题核心词汇:
· practical skills - 实践技能
· comprehensive development - 全面发展
· academic knowledge - 学术知识
· hands-on experience - 动手经验
· personal growth - 个人成长
· social competence - 社会能力
· career preparation - 职业准备
4. 论证效果表达:
· play a vital role in... - 在...中起关键作用
· have a significant impact on... - 对...有重要影响
· contribute to... - 有助于...
· lay a solid foundation for... - 为...奠定坚实基础
· equip students with... - 使学生具备...
5. 总结建议句型:
· In short, ...(简而言之...)/To sum up, ...(总之...)
· Therefore, I strongly recommend that...(因此,我强烈建议...)
· It would be wise to...(...将是明智之举)
· There is an urgent need to...(迫切需要...)
同类话题延伸思路:
职业技能课程:强调理论与实践结合,为就业做准备。Vocational Skills Courses: Emphasize the integration of theory and practice to prepare students for employment.
心理健康教育:关注学生心理素质,培养抗压能力。Mental Health Education: Focus on students' psychological well-being to cultivate resilience.
艺术素养课程:促进全面发展,培养审美能力。Artistic Literacy Courses: Promote all-around development and foster aesthetic appreciation.
社会实践课程:增强社会认知,提升综合能力。Social Practice Courses: Enhance social awareness and improve comprehensive abilities.
读后续写
My brother and I are only a year apart in age. When we were little, people would ask if we were twins. We lived in the mountains and only had each other for a long time, so we weren't just brother and sister, we were best friends.
Everything changed after our parents divorced. He went to live with my father, I with my mother. Sometimes he visited us and sometimes I visited them, but we grew more distant each time. By the time I was thirteen, we'd stopped hanging out altogether. I think the only time we ever spoke was at Christmas, and it was all polite but painfully awkward, like he was a complete stranger instead of my little brother.
Several years later, after being accepted to a major university three thousand miles away, I made a bold plan: to drive across the country on my own. The idea of traveling alone thrilled me, filling me with excitement and a hint of nervousness, though I knew that the road could be lonely and unpredictable — endless stretches without seeing a single person, and sometimes even wild animals crossing out of nowhere. My parents, however, thought it would be safer if my brother came along as my travel companion on the long drive to college. Needless to say, we were both furious (愤怒的) about the idea. The last thing either of us wanted was to spend a week in a car together — he, with a sister he barely knew, and I, with a “babysitter” I never asked for. But it was settled.
Two weeks later we set off. For the first six hundred miles, neither of us spoke much unless absolutely necessary. The silence was thick with tension, and it didn't take long before we argued over what music to play, how fast to drive, and when to take breaks, each of us stubbornly sticking to our own way, rolling our eyes and sighing in frustration.
Just when I thought the trip would be unbearable, something unexpected happened. We were driving through a remote stretch of countryside when a deer darted out from the woods. I slammed on the brakes instinctively, and the car skidded sharply on the wet road before coming to a halt. My heart raced as I stared at the deer, which stood frozen for a second before vanishing into the trees. When I finally calmed down, I realized the car wouldn’t start — the engine just sputtered and died. We were in the middle of nowhere, with no cell phone signal. I sighed, feeling helpless, but to my surprise, my brother didn’t snap at me like I expected. Instead, he got out of the car and knelt down to check the engine, saying, “Let’s see what’s wrong.”
Still trembling from the accident, I realized he was holding my hand. His palm was warm, and his grip was firm — a gesture I hadn’t felt from him in years. “It’s gonna be okay,” he said softly, his voice free of the usual irritation. We worked together for over an hour: he popped the hood and checked the wires, while I fetched tools from the trunk and held a flashlight for him. When the engine finally roared to life, we both laughed in relief. On the rest of the drive, we talked more — about our favorite childhood memories of playing in the mountains, about the things we’d missed while living apart. By the time we reached my university, the tension was gone. As I got out of the car, he hugged me and said, “Call me if you need anything.” That trip didn’t just get me to college; it brought my brother back to me.
中文翻译
我和哥哥只相差一岁。小时候,人们常问我们是不是双胞胎。我们在山里长大,很长一段时间里只有彼此相伴,所以我们不单是兄妹,更是最好的朋友。
父母离婚后,一切都变了。他跟了爸爸,我随了妈妈。有时他会来看我们,有时我去看他们,但每次见面都让彼此更疏远。到我十三岁时,我们已完全不再一起玩耍。印象里唯一说话的机会是在圣诞节,对话客气却令人难堪——他像个陌生人,而不是我的弟弟。
几年后,我被三千英里外一所重点大学录取,于是大胆决定独自开车横穿美国。独自旅行的念头让我心潮澎湃,既兴奋又带着些许紧张。我知道前路难免孤寂莫测,有时驰骋数小时不见人影,偶尔还会有野生动物突然窜出。然而父母坚持要让哥哥陪我同行,说这样长途驾车去上学更安全。不用说,我俩对这个安排都气坏了——谁愿意和几乎形同陌路的兄妹在车里共处一周?他面对的是不甚了解的姐姐,我面对的是强塞来的“监护人”。但此事已成定局。
两周后我们出发了。最初六百英里,除非必要我们绝不开口。车内空气紧张得几乎凝固,很快我们便开始争执——听什么音乐、车速该多快、何时休息。两人都固执己见,翻着白眼,懊恼地叹气。
就在我以为这趟旅行注定煎熬时,转机不期而至。车子行至偏僻乡间,一只鹿突然从林间窜出。我本能地猛踩刹车,车辆在湿滑路面急剧打滑后停住。惊魂未定地盯着那只呆立片刻又消失的鹿,我心跳如雷。待平静下来,却发现车子无法启动——引擎噗噗作响后彻底熄火。我们被困在荒郊野岭,手机毫无信号。我正无助叹息,哥哥却出乎意料地没有责怪我。他下车检查引擎,轻声说:“让我看看怎么回事。”
惊魂未定的我,忽然发现他握住了我的手。他的手掌温暖,握得有力——这种触碰我已多年未曾感受。“会好的。”他柔声说,话里没有了往日的烦躁。我们协力忙活了一个多小时:他打开引擎盖检修线路,我从后备箱取工具,为他举着手电筒。当引擎终于轰鸣重启,我俩如释重负地笑了。接下来的旅程里,我们聊起了童年在山间嬉戏的趣事,聊起了分离岁月里错过的点点滴滴。抵达学校时,所有隔阂都已消散。我下车时,他拥抱我说:“有事随时打电话。”这趟旅程不仅送我来到大学,更让我找回了我的哥哥。
文章分析与好词好句总结
文章类型: 叙事记叙文
主旨: 本文通过讲述一对因父母离异而疏远的兄妹,在一次横跨美国的自驾旅程中,因共同应对突发危机而重拾亲情的故事,深刻展现了共同经历与相互依赖如何能够打破隔阂,修复受损的家庭关系。文章揭示了亲情纽带的内在韧性,以及在困境中协作与理解所具有的治愈力量。
段落结构分析:
· 第一段(亲密往昔): 开篇用"a year apart"和"people would ask if we were twins"建立亲密关系。"weren't just brother and sister, we were best friends"为后文疏远埋下伏笔。
· 第二段(疏远现实): "Everything changed"构成有力转折。"we grew more distant each time"展现关系恶化过程,"like he was a complete stranger instead of my little brother"的对比尖锐揭示亲情流失。
· 第三段(被迫同行): "a bold plan: to drive across the country on my own"提供叙事动机。"we were both furious"直白传达抗拒,"The last thing either of us wanted"强化冲突张力。
· 第四段(紧张旅程): "silence was thick with tension"生动刻画压抑氛围。"argued over what music to play, how fast to drive"通过具体细节使冲突真实可感。
· 第五段(转折事件): "something unexpected happened"承上启下。对意外事件的描写极具画面感:"a deer darted out", "slammed on the brakes", "heart raced",营造紧张悬念。
· 第六段(冰释前嫌): "he didn't snap at me like I expected"是态度转变的关键信号。"he was holding my hand"及其触觉细节"His palm was warm"瞬间击穿情感隔阂。"we worked together"的具体分工展现关系修复。结尾句"That trip didn't just get me to college; it brought my brother back to me"巧妙点题升华。
优秀句式结构归纳与举例
1. 对比结构
句式: like... instead of...
原文例句: like he was a complete stranger instead of my little brother.
分析: 通过"stranger"与"little brother"的强烈对比,凸显血缘关系与现实感受的巨大落差。
2. 心理活动直接引述
句式: The last thing either of us wanted was...
原文例句: The last thing either of us wanted was to spend a week in a car together.
分析: 使用"The last thing"强调句式,有力传达内心极度的不情愿与抗拒。
3. 环境与氛围渲染
句式: The silence was thick with tension...
原文例句: The silence was thick with tension, and it didn't take long before we argued...
分析: 用"thick"形容沉默,将抽象的紧张感具象化,生动表现压抑氛围。
4. 细节化动作描写
句式: each of us stubbornly sticking to..., rolling our eyes and sighing...
原文例句: each of us stubbornly sticking to our own way, rolling our eyes and sighing in frustration.
分析: 通过"sticking", "rolling", "sighing"等一系列动作细节,多层次展现人物的不满情绪。
5. 转折事件引入
句式: Just when I thought..., something unexpected happened.
原文例句: Just when I thought the trip would be unbearable, something unexpected happened.
分析: 有效打破叙事预期,制造情节转折,为故事发展提供关键契机。
好词总结
·
· apart in age - 年龄相差
· grew more distant - 变得疏远
· hanging out - 一起玩耍
· painfully awkward - 令人难堪的
· a bold plan - 大胆计划
· thrilled me - 使我激动
· furious - 愤怒的
· thick with tension - 充满紧张
· stubbornly sticking - 固执坚持
· rolling our eyes - 翻白眼
· darted out - 窜出
· slammed on the brakes - 猛踩刹车
· sputtered and died - 噗噗作响后熄火
· in the middle of nowhere - 荒郊野岭
· roared to life - 轰鸣启动
· in relief - 如释重负地
好句总结
1. "We weren't just brother and sister, we were best friends."(我们不单是兄妹,更是最好的朋友。)
2. "Everything changed after our parents divorced."(父母离婚后,一切都变了。)
3. "The last thing either of us wanted was to spend a week in a car together..."(我们最不愿意的就是在车里共度一周...)
4. "The silence was thick with tension..."(沉默中充满了紧张...)
5. "Just when I thought the trip would be unbearable, something unexpected happened."(就在我以为旅程无法忍受时,意想不到的事情发生了。)
6. "His palm was warm, and his grip was firm — a gesture I hadn't felt from him in years."(他的手掌温暖,握得有力——这种触碰我已多年未曾感受。)
7. "That trip didn't just get me to college; it brought my brother back to me."(这趟旅程不仅送我来到大学,更让我找回了我的哥哥。)
写作构思思路
1. 确立核心冲突:选择"亲情疏离"这一具有普遍情感共鸣的主题,通过"父母离异"这一具体事件建立合理的冲突背景。
2. 设计叙事弧线:构建"亲密→疏远→被迫相处→冲突升级→转折事件→协作解决→关系修复"的完整情感变化轨迹。
3. 设置关键场景:精心设计"车祸危机"作为情节转折点,通过共同解决危机自然推动关系转变。
4. 运用细节描写:重点刻画动作("holding my hand")、神态("rolling our eyes")、心理("The last thing... wanted")等细节,使情感变化真实可信。
5. 注重首尾呼应:开篇强调"best friends",结尾点明"brought my brother back",形成完整的情感闭环。
同类话题写作思路与表达归纳
1. 关系修复类叙事框架:初始关系状态 → 关系破裂原因 → 被迫共处情境 → 冲突爆发 → 转折事件 → 协作经历 → 情感升华 → 新关系建立
2. 家庭关系类词汇:
estranged - 疏远的
reconcile - 和解
bond - 纽带
sibling rivalry - 手足竞争
family ties - 家庭纽带
emotional distance - 情感距离
3. 情感变化类表达:
grow apart - 变得疏远
break the ice - 打破僵局
melt the tension - 化解紧张
bridge the gap - 弥合隔阂
heal the wounds - 治愈创伤
4. 冲突与转折类句式:
Things came to a head when... - 当...时,事情到了紧要关头
Little did I know that... - 我没想到...
It was a turning point in our relationship - 这是我们关系的转折点
Against all odds, we... - 出乎意料地,我们...
5. 协作与和解类表达:
join forces to - 联手...
set aside our differences - 放下分歧
see eye to eye - 看法一致
mend our relationship - 修复关系
a newfound understanding - 新达成的理解
6. 个人成长类表达:
learn to appreciate - 学会欣赏
see things in a new light - 用新视角看问题
gain a deeper understanding - 获得更深理解
emerge stronger - 变得更坚强
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
阅读A篇
词汇
1. international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl/ 国际的
2. dinner /ˈdɪnə(r)/ 晚餐
3. celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ 庆祝
4. culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ 文化
5. diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性
6. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区
7. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ 娱乐
8. talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ 有才华的
9. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ 参加
10. canteen /kænˈtiːn/ 食堂
11. plateware /ˈpleɪtweə(r)/ 餐具
12. chafing dish /ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ dɪʃ/ 保暖锅
13. offset /ˈɒfset/ 补偿
14. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ 样品
15. portion /ˈpɔːʃn/ 一份
16. decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/ 装饰
17. tablecloth /ˈteɪblklɒθ/ 桌布
18. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 志愿者
19. server /ˈsɜːvə(r)/ 服务员
20. cleanup /ˈkliːnʌp/ 清理
21. sign up /saɪn ʌp/ 报名
22. ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ 票
23. price /praɪs/ 价格
24. email /ˈiːmeɪl/ 电子邮件
25. frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ 频繁地
短语
1. community building event 社区建设活动
2. complete with 配备有
3. thanks to 多亏了
4. attend as 作为...参加
5. provide drinks and gloves 提供饮料和手套
6. per table 每桌
7. food costs 食品费用
8. working together 合作
9. pick a country 选择一个国家
10. sample size portions 样品份量
11. serving containers 盛放容器
12. enhance the table 装饰桌子
13. bring your own 自带
14. ticket price 票价
15. frequently asked questions (FAQs) 常见问题
阅读B篇
词汇
1. randomness /ˈrændəmnəs/ 随机性
2. landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ 里程碑
3. series /ˈsɪəriːz/ 系列
4. investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/ 调查
5. uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtnti/ 不确定性
6. probability /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/ 概率
7. human error /ˈhjuːmən ˈerə(r)/ 人为错误
8. risk /rɪsk/ 风险
9. decision-making /dɪˈsɪʒən meɪkɪŋ/ 决策
10. striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ 显著的
11. hardcover /ˈhɑːdkʌvə(r)/ 精装本
12. sensation /senˈseɪʃn/ 轰动
13. perceive /pəˈsiːv/ 感知
14. precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ 精确地
15. backdrop /ˈbækdrɒp/ 背景
16. forum /ˈfɔːrəm/ 领域;论坛
17. trading /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/ 交易
18. captivating /ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ/ 迷人的
19. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ 洞察力
20. narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ 叙述的
21. tackle /ˈtækl/ 处理
22. intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ 智力的
23. issue /ˈɪʃuː/ 问题
24. underestimation /ˌʌndərˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ 低估
25. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ 影响
26. happenstance /ˈhæpənstæns/ 偶然事件
27. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ 人物
28. grasp /ɡrɑːsp/ 理解
29. significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ 重要性
30. chance /tʃɑːns/ 机会
31. philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ 哲学家
32. financier /ˈfaɪnænsɪə(r)/ 金融家
33. fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ 虚构的
34. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ 受害者
35. irrational /ɪˈræʃənl/ 非理性的
36. foolishness /ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/ 愚蠢
37. recognizable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ 可识别的
38. embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/ 体现
39. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 生存
40. follower /ˈfɒləʊə(r)/ 追随者
41. mentor /ˈmentɔː(r)/ 导师
42. obtain /əbˈteɪn/ 获得
43. charlatan /ˈʃɑːlətən/ 冒充内行的人
44. innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə(r)/ 创新者
45. uncover /ʌnˈkʌvə(r)/ 揭露
46. nonexistent /ˌnɒnɪɡˈzɪstənt/ 不存在的
47. unpredictability /ˌʌnprɪˌdɪktəˈbɪləti/ 不可预测性
48. goddess /ˈɡɒdes/ 女神
49. prepared /prɪˈpeəd/ 有准备的
短语
1. word-of-mouth sensation 口碑轰动
2. change the way you think 改变你的思维方式
3. turn on its head 彻底改变
4. more precisely 更准确地说
5. be mistaken for 被误认为是
6. the world of trading 交易世界
7. provide insight into 提供对...的洞察
8. go unused 未被使用
9. make sense of 理解
10. in one's own way 以某人自己的方式
11. fall victim to 成为...的受害者
12. the survival of the least fit 最不适应者的生存
13. devoted followers 忠实的追随者
14. insights and methods 见解和方法
15. obtained by chance 偶然获得
16. distinguish...from... 区分...和...
17. uncover messages 揭露信息
18. random events 随机事件
19. guard against 防范
20. be prepared for 为...做准备
阅读C篇
词汇
1. outsource /ˈaʊtsɔːs/ 外包
2. artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ 人工智能
3. threat /θret/ 威胁
4. super intelligent /ˈsuːpə(r) ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ 超智能的
5. machinery /məˈʃiːnəri/ 机械
6. mindlessly /ˈmaɪndləsli/ 盲目地
7. philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ 哲学
8. artful /ˈɑːtfl/ 巧妙的
9. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ 方法
10. tap into /tæp ˈɪntuː/ 利用
11. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ 认知的
12. resources /rɪˈsɔːsɪz/ 资源
13. throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ 遍及
14. unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/ 未被使用的
15. mindfulness /ˈmaɪndflnəs/ 正念
16. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ 练习
17. accessing /ˈæksesɪŋ/ 获取
18. limb /lɪm/ 四肢
19. organ /ˈɔːɡən/ 器官
20. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ 情感
21. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ 做手势
22. communicative /kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv/ 交际的
23. smooth out /smuːð aʊt/ 使顺利
24. thought process /θɔːt ˈprəʊses/ 思维过程
25. craziness /ˈkreɪzinəs/ 疯狂
26. fear /fɪə(r)/ 恐惧
27. attention /əˈtenʃn/ 注意力
28. device /dɪˈvaɪs/ 设备
29. freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ 自由
30. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 提高
31. shift /ʃɪft/ 转移
32. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ 物体
33. level /ˈlevl/ 水平
34. effortful /ˈefətfl/ 需要努力的
35. ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ 确保
36. technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ 技术的
37. weaken /ˈwiːkən/ 削弱
38. humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ 人性
39. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ 艺术家
短语
1. race into a future 快速进入未来
2. outsource problem-solving 外包问题解决
3. put trust in 信任
4. the power of minds 思想的力量
5. a good way to avoid 避免...的好方法
6. tap into cognitive resources 利用认知资源
7. go unused 未被使用
8. start with 以...开始
9. make sense of the world 理解世界
10. be mindful of 留意
11. send messages 传递信息
12. social interaction 社交互动
13. smooth out thought process 理顺思维过程
14. assist in 协助
15. push a message 传递信息
16. be stuck in 陷入
17. shift attention 转移注意力
18. born of a choice 源于选择
19. weaken humanity 削弱人性
20. train to be an artist 训练成为艺术家
阅读D篇
词汇
1. pursue /pəˈsjuː/ 追求
2. ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ 理想的
3. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ 自信
4. childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ 童年
5. calculator /ˈkælkjuleɪtə(r)/ 计算器
6. chart /tʃɑːt/ 图表
7. individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ 个人的
8. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ 差异
9. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ 显著地
10. metabolism /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/ 新陈代谢
11. lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ 生活方式
12. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ 十年
13. assessment /əˈsesmənt/ 评估
14. calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/ 计算
15. underweight /ˌʌndəˈweɪt/ 体重不足的
16. overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ 超重的
17. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ 运动员
18. range /reɪndʒ/ 范围
19. ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ 忽略
20. muscle mass /ˈmʌsl mæs/ 肌肉量
21. bone density /bəʊn ˈdensəti/ 骨密度
22. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ 状况
23. regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ 认为
24. classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ 分类
25. percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/ 百分比
26. metabolic /ˌmetəˈbɒlɪk/ 新陈代谢的
27. profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ 概况
28. metric /ˈmetrɪk/ 度量标准
29. waist /weɪst/ 腰围
30. belly /ˈbeli/ 腹部
31. organ /ˈɔːɡən/ 器官
32. diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ 糖尿病
33. limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ 限制
34. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 区分
35. digestive /daɪˈdʒestɪv/ 消化的
36. disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(r)/ 紊乱
37. emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ 强调
38. marker /ˈmɑːkə(r)/ 指标
39. cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ 胆固醇
40. modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ 适度的
41. reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ 减少
42. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ 极端的
43. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ 可持续的
44. nutritiously /njuˈtrɪʃəsli/ 有营养地
45. medication /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/ 药物
46. surgery /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ 手术
47. momentary /ˈməʊməntri/ 瞬间的
48. nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ 滋养
短语
1. pursue an ideal weight 追求理想体重
2. online calculators 在线计算器
3. BMI charts 体重指数图表
4. fail to consider 未能考虑
5. individual differences 个体差异
6. change dramatically 显著改变
7. due to 由于
8. for decades 几十年来
9. dominate weight assessments 主导体重评估
10. sort people from...to... 将人从...分类到...
11. regard...as... 将...视为...
12. body fat percentages 体脂百分比
13. metabolic profiles 代谢概况
14. focus on 专注于
15. belly fat 腹部脂肪
16. linked to 与...相关
17. account for 解释;考虑
18. overall health markers 整体健康指标
19. blood pressure 血压
20. sleep quality 睡眠质量
21. energy levels 能量水平
22. weight-related conditions 与体重相关的状况
23. significantly improve 显著改善
24. extreme weight loss 极端减肥
25. sustainable habits 可持续的习惯
26. stay active 保持活跃
27. natural healthy weight 自然健康体重
28. lifestyle change 生活方式改变
29. daily choices 日常选择
七选五
词汇
1. pursue /pəˈsjuː/ 追求
2. project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ 项目
3. graduate /ˈɡrædʒuət/ 毕业
4. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ 常规
5. accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/ 习惯的
6. sore /sɔː(r)/ 疼痛的
7. finisher /ˈfɪnɪʃə(r)/ 完成者
8. accomplishment /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ 成就
9. conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/ 征服
10. reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ 奖励
11. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ 想象
12. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成
13. delay /dɪˈleɪ/ 延迟
14. potential /pəˈtenʃl/ 潜力
15. progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ 进步
短语
1. climb back down 爬下来
2. the list goes on and on 例子不胜枚举
3. great at beginning things 善于开始事情
4. finish strong 圆满结束
5. a repeated problem 一个反复出现的问题
6. develop potential 开发潜力
7. make progress 取得进步
8. take time off 休息
9. get accustomed to 习惯于
10. strong finisher 强大的完成者
11. focus on getting the best result 专注于获得最佳结果
12. a huge feeling of accomplishment 巨大的成就感
完形填空
词汇
1. drizzle /ˈdrɪzl/ 毛毛雨
2. challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ 有挑战性的
3. fishtailing /ˈfɪʃteɪlɪŋ/ 甩尾
4. head /hed/ 朝...行进
5. bank /bæŋk/ 斜坡
6. roll over /rəʊl ˈəʊvə(r)/ 翻滚
7. pull over /pʊl ˈəʊvə(r)/ 靠边停车
8. stabilize /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/ 固定
9. effort /ˈefət/ 努力
10. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 伤害
11. discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 出院
12. cast /kɑːst/ 石膏
13. foreign /ˈfɒrən/ 陌生的
14. track /træk/ 轨道
15. therapy /ˈθerəpi/ 治疗
16. last /lɑːst/ 持续
17. wear /weə(r)/ 穿着
18. normally /ˈnɔːməli/ 正常地
19. come off /kʌm ɒf/ 脱落
20. doubt /daʊt/ 怀疑
21. prize /praɪz/ 目标;奖品
22. exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ 完全地
23. constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ 持续的
24. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ 车辆
25. equip /ɪˈkwɪp/ 装备
26. handle /ˈhændl/ 处理
27. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ 严重的
28. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ 订购;命令
29. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料的
30. active /ˈæktɪv/ 活跃的
31. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ 限制
32. function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ 运行;功能
33. recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ 恢复
34. regain /rɪˈɡeɪn/ 重新获得
35. fortunate /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ 幸运的
短语
1. on the way to 在去...的路上
2. roll over 翻滚
3. call 911 拨打911
4. remove...from... 从...移出
5. break one's back/neck 摔断背/脖子
6. be equipped to 有能力做...
7. keep...on 保持...在
8. lose control of 失去对...的控制
9. get one's life back 重获生活
10. physical therapy 物理治疗
11. function fairly normally 功能基本正常
12. keep one's eyes on the prize 专注于目标
13. regain normal activities 恢复正常活动
14. be fortunate to 幸运地...
15. the ability to do ...的能力
语法填空
词汇poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ 诗人
1. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ 政治家
2. educator /ˈedʒukeɪtə(r)/ 教育家
3. talent /ˈtælənt/ 才华
4. amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊奇的
5. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ 有创造力的
6. dish /dɪʃ/ 菜肴
7. calligrapher /kəˈlɪɡrəfə(r)/ 书法家
8. rank /ræŋk/ 排名
9. prior to /ˈpraɪə tuː/ 在...之前
10. adulthood /ˈædʌlthʊd/ 成年
11. calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ 书法
12. nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ 天性
13. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ 渴望
14. self-expression /self ɪkˈspreʃn/ 自我表达
15. observance /əbˈzɜːvəns/ 纪念;仪式
16. exile /ˈeksaɪl/ 流放
17. stroke /strəʊk/ 笔触
18. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ 情感
19. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ 字符;人物
20. distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ 杰出的
21. bamboo /ˌbæmˈbuː/ 竹子
22. twist /twɪst/ 扭转
23. symbolic /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/ 象征性的
24. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ 代表
25. survive /səˈvaɪv/ 生存
26. perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ 观点
27. innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ 创新的
28. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ 探索
29. innermost /ˈɪnəməʊst/ 内心深处的
短语
1. have many strings to one's bow 多才多艺
2. by far and away 显然
3. turn to 转向;求助于
4. reflect one's nature 反映某人的天性
5. build up 逐渐增强
6. in addition to 除了
7. a few twists and turns 几经曲折
8. free and simple in style 风格自由简约
9. varied and expressive in meaning 内涵丰富且富有表现力
10. survive difficult times 度过艰难时期
11. stand tall 屹立不倒
12. innermost thoughts 内心深处的想法
13. in one's eyes 在某人眼中
14. the art of painting 绘画艺术
15. express through works 通过作品表达
应用文写作
词汇
1. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要的
2. firmly /ˈfɜːmli/ 坚定地
3. absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ 绝对地
4. gap /ɡæp/ 差距
5. traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/ 传统的
6. budgeting /ˈbʌdʒɪtɪŋ/ 预算
7. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ 必不可少的
8. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ 独立的
9. financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ 财务的
10. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦
11. boost /buːst/ 提升
12. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ 自信
13. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ 实际的
14. task /tɑːsk/ 任务
15. sew /səʊ/ 缝纫
16. button /ˈbʌtn/ 纽扣
17. fix /fɪks/ 修理
18. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ 有能力的
19. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ 挑战
20. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ 课程
短语
1. life skills classes 生活技能课程
2. fill a gap 填补空白
3. traditional education 传统教育
4. basic home repairs 基础家居维修
5. independent adult life 独立的成人生活
6. manage money 理财
7. avoid financial troubles 避免财务问题
8. boost confidence 提升自信
9. master practical tasks 掌握实际任务
10. handle real-life challenges 应对现实生活中的挑战
11. prepare for the future 为未来做准备
12. beyond exams 超越考试
13. include in the curriculum 纳入课程
读后续写
词汇
1. apart /əˈpɑːt/ 分开的
2. divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/ 离婚
3. distant /ˈdɪstənt/ 疏远的
4. awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ 尴尬的
5. stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/ 陌生人
6. bold /bəʊld/ 大胆的
7. thrill /θrɪl/ 使激动
8. nervousness /ˈnɜːvəsnəs/ 紧张
9. unpredictable /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/ 不可预测的
10. stretch /stretʃ/ 一片区域
11. companion /kəmˈpæniən/ 同伴
12. furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ 愤怒的
13. babysitter /ˈbeɪbisɪtə(r)/ 临时保姆
14. tension /ˈtenʃn/ 紧张
15. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ 争吵
16. stubbornly /ˈstʌbənli/ 固执地
17. sigh /saɪ/ 叹气
18. frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ 沮丧
19. unbearable /ʌnˈbeərəbl/ 难以忍受的
20. unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ 意想不到的
21. remote /rɪˈməʊt/ 偏远的
22. deer /dɪə(r)/ 鹿
23. dart out /dɑːt aʊt/ 迅速窜出
24. slam on the brakes /slæm ɒn ðə breɪks/ 猛踩刹车
25. skid /skɪd/ 打滑
26. halt /hɔːlt/ 停止
27. vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ 消失
28. sputter /ˈspʌtə(r)/ 发噗噗声
29. signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ 信号
30. snap /snæp/ 厉声说
31. kneel /niːl/ 跪下
32. engine /ˈendʒɪn/ 引擎
33. tremble /ˈtrembl/ 颤抖
34. palm /pɑːm/ 手掌
35. grip /ɡrɪp/ 紧握
36. irritation /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn/ 恼怒
37. hood /hʊd/ 引擎盖
38. wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ 电线
39. trunk /trʌŋk/ 行李箱
40. flashlight /ˈflæʃlaɪt/ 手电筒
41. relief /rɪˈliːf/ 宽慰
42. memory /ˈmeməri/ 记忆
43. hug /hʌɡ/ 拥抱
44. accept /əkˈsept/ 接受
45. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ 主要的
46. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 大学
47. plan /plæn/ 计划
48. travel /ˈtrævl/ 旅行
49. safe /seɪf/ 安全的
50. settle /ˈsetl/ 决定;安顿
短语
1. a year apart 相差一岁
2. hang out 闲逛
3. make a bold plan 制定一个大胆的计划
4. on one's own 独自
5. travel companion 旅伴
6. needless to say 不用说
7. the last thing... 最不想...
8. set off 出发
9. stick to one's own way 固执己见
10. roll one's eyes 翻白眼
11. take breaks 休息
12. in frustration 沮丧地
13. slam on the brakes 猛踩刹车
14. come to a halt 停下来
15. in the middle of nowhere 在偏僻处
16. cell phone signal 手机信号
17. snap at someone 对某人厉声说话
18. check the engine 检查引擎
19. hold one's hand 握住某人的手
20. free of irritation 没有恼怒
21. pop the hood 打开引擎盖
22. fetch tools 取工具
23. roar to life 轰鸣着启动
24. laugh in relief 宽慰地笑了
25. reach the university 到达大学
26. bring someone back to someone 使某人重回某人身边
$
International Dinner Returns this Saturday, November 5-Get your tickets here!
AMHS International Dinner FAQs
Saturday, November 5,6-8pm
What is this event?
International dinner is a celebration of culture and diversity within the Magnet community, complete with entertainment from some of Magnet’s talented musicians thanks to Mr. Grimshaw!
Who can participate?
Made for all to attend as a community building event.
What does the canteen provide?
The canteen provides the tables, plateware, chafing dishes (保暖锅), serving pans, drinks and gloves. $75.00 will be offered per table to help offset (补偿) food costs.
What do I (or my team) have to provide?
The table for each country (which can be one person or a few people working together) will have to pick a country and provide 2-4 dishes from that country. The dishes should each be made to serve 150 small sample size portions. The pans provided will fit neatly into chafing dishes. Please also bring your own serving containers and any decorations that might enhance the table. Examples would be tablecloths from the country or a small flag from the represented country.
When do I bring the food?
The food should be brought hot (if to be served hot) the night of between 4:45-5:00pm.
Who can volunteer?
Anyone can volunteer — students, parents, supporters. Students can volunteer and will be used as servers and clean up the night of and for set up on Friday, November 4 (3:45-5:30pm). Our biggest need is for people to take a table and bring food for that table. Sign up here.
What is the ticket price?
Ticket price is $15.00 per person or $40.00 for a family.
Questions? email amhsinternationaldinner@gmail.com
AMHS= Academic Magnet High School FAQs= frequently asked questions
1. What is the purpose of the event?
A. To strengthen the community bond.
B. To raise money for charity.
C. To celebrate the community holiday.
D. To promote voluntary work.
2. What is required for participants of each country’s table?
A. To donate $75 for food costs and decorations.
B. To bring their own chafing dishes and gloves.
C. To prepare 2-4 dishes serving 150 small portions each.
D. To arrive at the event by 4:45 pm for volunteer training.
3. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A food magazine.
B. A school’s official website.
C. A wanted poster.
D. A service brochure.
Fooled by Randomness is a famous book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand.
Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb — seasoned trader, renowned risk expert, knowledgeable scholar, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan — has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.
This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most notable forum in which luck is mistaken for skill — the world of trading — Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.
The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness.
However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed — the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time — he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s (导师) insights and methods. But no one can copy what is obtained by chance.
Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) from the genuine innovator? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.
4. What is Fooled by Randomness mainly about?
A. The success of modern traders.
B. The importance of skill in trading.
C. The role of luck in life and business.
D. The impact of human errors on decision-making.
5. What’s the purpose of mentioning the characters in paragraph 4?
A. To highlight the significance of their achievements.
B. To emphasize their success in the trading world.
C. To illustrate how foolishness always leads to failure.
D. To show examples of those who understood randomness.
6. What does “lucky fool” in paragraph 5 really refer to?
A. A trader known for their skill and achievements.
B. A scholar famous for their insights and methods.
C. Someone who owes their success to skill, ignoring luck.
D. A person who foolishly undervalues hard work and devotion.
7. According to the passage, what mistake do people often make?
A. They overestimate their personal abilities.
B. They fail to see how chance affects their success.
C They depend heavily on guidance from mentors.
D. They overlook significant events in daily life.
While we race into a future where we outsource most of our problem-solving to artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is not super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting too much trust in Big Tech and not enough trust in the power of our own minds.
A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this. To think artfully means to solve problems using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions. This approach taps into the cognitive (认知的) resources that are spread throughout our bodies but often go unused.
Changing how we think is hard work. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful of how we think with our body, how we use our limbs (四肢), organs, and emotions to make sense of the world. Be mindful of all the different messages your body is sending you as well as the different roles and functions your bodily actions can play. For example, gesturing (做手势) in conversations is not just communicative. These movements often help the speaker to smooth out their thought process and assist in getting the words out.
Today, Big Tech is pushing a message of artificial-intelligence craziness and fear. What makes you stuck in it? It’s seeing the same things wherever you look. Big Tech gives you screens, hoping that your attention will always be attracted by their devices. If you want to find more freedom in this AI-filled world, improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus. Remember everything is born of a choice.
Artful thinking demands effortful mindfulness to ensure that what we do, what we hope to achieve by using these technological tools, will not weaken our humanity. As Thich Nhat Hanh said, “Mindful living is an art, and each of us has to train to be an artist.”
8. What can we learn about artful thinking?
A. It simplifies problem-solving.
B. It focuses on developing our brains.
C. It prevents us from over-relying on AI.
D. It helps promote high-tech machinery.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Benefits of artful intelligence.
B. Mind-body awareness in thinking.
C. Significance of being mindful.
D. Social interaction through movements.
10. What does the author suggest we do in the AI-filled world?
A. Enhance the flexibility of attention.
B. Adapt to the rise of AI.
C. Avoid the interruptions from Big Tech.
D. Improve the levels of focus.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Artful Thinking Advances Big Tech
B. Too Much Trust in AI Harms Our Minds
C. Physical Actions Better Cognitive Functions
D. Mindfulness Keeps Us Human in the Age of AI
We all pursue an ideal weight number for health and confidence, often using childhood memories, online calculators or BMI charts. However, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff warns these methods fail to consider individual differences. Our bodies change dramatically with age due to metabolism (新陈代谢) and lifestyle.
For decades, Body Mass Index (BMI) dominated weight assessments. This simple height-weight calculation sorts people from underweight to overweight. Yet Dr. Melanie Jay from NYU points out its problems: BMI gives the same ranges for 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents. It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight. Recent studies show that nearly 30% of people classified as overweight by BMI actually have healthy body fat percentages and normal metabolic profiles.
Newer metrics like the Body Roundness Index (BRI) focus on waist size instead of weight. “Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat around organs produces harmful chemicals linked to diabetes and heart disease. However, even BRI has limitations — it can’t distinguish between fat types or account for medical conditions affecting belly size, such as digestive disorders.
Doctors increasingly emphasize overall health markers over specific weights. “Instead of focusing on a’magic number,’ we examine blood pressure, cholesterol (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” notes Dr. Jay. For those with weight-related conditions, even 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve health. A 2023 study found patients who achieved modest weight reduction showed better health markers than those pursuing extreme weight loss.
The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t found on charts but through sustainable habits. “When you eat nutritiously and stay active, your body finds its natural healthy weight,” advises Dr. Freedhoff. For some, medications or surgery may help, but the real goal is lifestyle change — not to achieve an ideal number on your scale. True health,after all, is measured not by a momentary reading on a scale, but by the daily choices that nourish both body and life.
12. Why does the author mention 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents?
A. To show BMI’s limitations.
B. To prove BMI’s popularity.
C. To describe BMI’s main users.
D. To introduce BMI’s target group.
13 What is the main advantage of BRI?
A. It clarifies different kinds of fat.
B. It evaluates all types of body fat.
C. It measures highly risky body fat.
D. It identifies harmful chemicals in fat.
14. What is Dr. Jay’s suggestion for weight assessment?
A. Stopping using BMI.
B. Focusing on specific weights.
C. Considering multiple health signs.
D. Adopting rapid weight loss approaches.
15. What does the author think of people’s pursuing an ideal weight number?
A. Reasonable.
B. Unhelpful.
C. Dangerous.
D. Practical.
Imagine climbing a mountain and getting half way up and saying to yourself, “You know what, I’m going to climb back down and finish this later.”
____16____ We have projects that sit waiting to be completed. Some people start college but never graduate. We have books that we never finish reading. ____17____ Many people are great at beginning things but can’t seem to finish strong.
Not finishing what we started has been a repeated problem for us. We have to face it. ____18____ Whenever we delay, or put to the side, the things that will help us accomplish our goals, we stop developing our potential.
Not finishing not only causes us to stop making progress but also we find it harder whenever we do decide to start again. Consider this: every time I begin a new exercise program my muscles are sore (疼) for a few days. After a few weeks of routine, the muscles get accustomed to the program and grow stronger. Thus, no more sore muscles. Well, when I take some time off I fear starting again. ____19____
Strong finishers are able to focus on getting the best result from anything that they start. So how do we know that we are a strong finisher? Along with the huge feeling of accomplishment, other people will begin to notice the change. ___20___ They will have no choice but to recognize our strong finishing ability. We will be rewarded with more trust from them.
A. The list goes on and on.
B. We should have the confidence.
C. Why don’t we have the interest any more?
D. Sounds silly but that is what we do all of the time.
E. I know that my muscles are going to be sore again.
F. They will see we are able to climb and conquer the mountain.
G. Not being a strong finisher can limit our ability to conquer our goals.
I was on the way to my father’s house. The constant drizzle made my driving a little ____21____. Suddenly, my car began fishtailing and ____22____ toward a bank where it rolled over three times.
Passing drivers ____23____ to help. A nurse appeared and ____24____ my neck and someone called 911. The fire department arrived, and, with much ____25____, removed me from the vehicle.
Soon, I learned I had broken my back and neck and would need to be transported to another hospital equipped to handle serious ____26____. The doctors there ordered a plastic body cast (全身石膏) to be made for me. When I was finally discharged, I was told to keep the body cast on for four months.
I had always been active, so being restricted was completely ____27____ to me. I felt like I had lost ____28____ of my life. I decided to get my life back. I began physical therapy and after ____29____ forty days, I returned to my job, ____30____ my body cast underneath my clothes. While I had to limit how I moved, I could function fairly _____31_____.
When the body cast ____32____, I continued physical therapy and was doing yoga within one year. I never ____33____ my ability to recover. I always kept my eyes on the ____34____, which was regaining my normal activities, even though I couldn’t do all the things in ____35____ the same way I did before.
I was fortunate to be alive and to have the ability to do what I could still do.
21. A. thrilling B. challenging C. refreshing D. boring
22. A. headed B. jumped C. pointed D. leaned
23. A. sped up B. broke down C. pulled over D. watched out
24. A. rubbed B. turned C. grabbed D. stabilized
25. A. effort B. amusement C. kindness D. compromise
26. A. accidents B. injuries C. consequences D. crises
27. A. accessible B. harmful C. engaging D. foreign
28. A. track B. control C. sight D. count
29. A. gaining B. recording C. missing D. lasting
30. A. wearing B. abandoning C. improving D. restoring
31. A. automatically B. quickly C. normally D. tirelessly
32. A. carried on B. turned around C. ran out D. came off
33. A. developed B. doubted C. overestimated D. recognized
34. A. prize B. talent C. cost D. health
35. A. slightly B. basically C. exactly D. typically
Su Shi was a poet, politician and educator, but he had many other strings to his bow. One of the many talents of this ____36____ (amaze) clever and creative man was cooking. By far and away his most famous dish is Dongpo Pork.
Su Shi was also a master calligrapher, ____37____ (rank) first of the four great calligraphers of the Song Dynasty. Prior to his adulthood, he had studied the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and later on in life, he turned to the works of Yan Zhenqing. Nonetheless, Su Shi’s calligraphy reflected his open nature and desire for self-expression. His “Cold Food Observance” ____38____ (tell) of his time in exile (流放). The rising and falling strokes (笔法) are expressions ofSu Shi’ s emotions, and ____39____ the story builds, so do the characters.
In addition to being a gifted calligrapher, Su Shi was a ____40____ (distinguish) painter. The trees, rocks and ____41____ (bamboo) he produced with a few twists and turns of his paintbrush were free and simple in style, but varied and expressive in meaning. To Su Shi, an old tree was particularly ____42____ (symbol), as it represented surviving difficult times but still ____43____ (continue) to stand tall and grow. Su Shi's perspective ____44____ the art of painting were also innovative. Through his painting, he began to explore ____45____ an artist could express their innermost thoughts and experiences through their works. In his eyes, painting was poetry, and poetry was painting.
你校英文报就“是否应开设生活技能课程”发起讨论,请你以“Are Life Skills Classes Necessary?”为题,写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
(1)你的看法;
(2)说明理由。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Are Life Skills Classes Necessary?
My brother and I are only a year apart in age. When we were little, people would ask if we were twins. We lived in the mountains and only had each other for a long time, so we weren't just brother and sister, we were best friends.
Everything changed after our parents divorced. He went to live with my father, I with my mother. Sometimes he visited us and sometimes I visited them, but we grew more distant each time. By the time I was thirteen, we'd stopped hanging out altogether. I think the only time we ever spoke was at Christmas, and it was all polite but painfully awkward, like he was a complete stranger instead of my little brother.
Several years later, after being accepted to a major university three thousand miles away, I made a bold plan: to drive across the country on my own. The idea of traveling alone thrilled me, filling me with excitement and a hint of nervousness, though I knew that the road could be lonely and unpredictable — endless stretches without seeing a single person, and sometimes even wild animals crossing out of nowhere. My parents, however, thought it would be safer if my brother came along as my travel companion on the long drive to college. Needless to say, we were both furious (愤怒的) about the idea. The last thing either of us wanted was to spend a week in a car together — he, with a sister he barely knew, and I, with a “babysitter” I never asked for. But it was settled.
Two weeks later we set off. For the first six hundred miles, neither of us spoke much unless absolutely necessary. The silence was thick with tension, and it didn't take long before we argued over what music to play, how fast to drive, and when to take breaks, each of us stubbornly sticking to our own way, rolling our eyes and sighing in frustration.
Just when I thought the trip would be unbearable, something unexpected happened.
Still trembling from the accident, I realized he was holding my hand.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
International Dinner Returns this Saturday, November 5-Get your tickets here!
AMHS International Dinner FAQs
Saturday, November 5,6-8pm
What is this event?
International dinner is a celebration of culture and diversity within the Magnet community, complete with entertainment from some of Magnet’s talented musicians thanks to Mr. Grimshaw!
Who can participate?
Made for all to attend as a community building event.
What does the canteen provide?
The canteen provides the tables, plateware, chafing dishes (保暖锅), serving pans, drinks and gloves. $75.00 will be offered per table to help offset (补偿) food costs.
What do I (or my team) have to provide?
The table for each country (which can be one person or a few people working together) will have to pick a country and provide 2-4 dishes from that country. The dishes should each be made to serve 150 small sample size portions. The pans provided will fit neatly into chafing dishes. Please also bring your own serving containers and any decorations that might enhance the table. Examples would be tablecloths from the country or a small flag from the represented country.
When do I bring the food?
The food should be brought hot (if to be served hot) the night of between 4:45-5:00pm.
Who can volunteer?
Anyone can volunteer — students, parents, supporters. Students can volunteer and will be used as servers and clean up the night of and for set up on Friday, November 4 (3:45-5:30pm). Our biggest need is for people to take a table and bring food for that table. Sign up here.
What is the ticket price?
Ticket price is $15.00 per person or $40.00 for a family.
Questions? email amhsinternationaldinner@gmail.com
AMHS= Academic Magnet High School FAQs= frequently asked questions
1.According to the text, what is the primary responsibility of a student volunteer?
A. To perform as a talented musician.
B. To manage the financial aspects of the event.
C. To serve food and help with cleaning up.
D. To decorate the tables for different countries.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the financial aspect for participants?
A. They must pay a fee to secure a table.
B. They receive financial support for food preparation.
C. They are expected to donate all the food for free.
D. The ticket sales will fully cover their food costs.
3. What can be inferred about the organizers' expectation for the event's atmosphere?
A. It should be a formal and serious ceremony.
B. It should be an educational lecture series.
C. It should be a lively and visually engaging feast.
D. It should be a competitive cooking contest.
【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. C
1题详解:推理判断题。题目问学生志愿者的主要职责是什么。根据"Who can volunteer?"部分中的"Students can volunteer and will be used as servers and clean up the night of..."可知,学生志愿者将被用作服务员(servers)并在当晚负责清理(clean up)。选项A(作为音乐家表演)是活动娱乐环节的一部分,并非志愿者的主要职责;选项B(管理财务)和选项D(装饰桌子)在文中均未提及是志愿者的工作。因此,他们的主要职责是服务食物和协助清理,C项正确。
2题详解:细节理解题。题目问关于参与者的财务方面,下列哪项是正确的。根据"What does the canteen provide?"部分中的"$75.00 will be offered per table to help offset food costs"可知,每张展示桌会获得75美元的补贴,以帮助补偿食物成本。选项A(需支付费用来预定桌子)和选项C(被期望免费提供所有食物)均与原文提供的补贴信息相悖;选项D(门票收入将完全覆盖他们的食物成本)在文中没有依据。因此,参与者会在准备食物方面获得财务支持,B项正确。
3题详解:推理判断题。题目问关于组织者对活动氛围的期望,可以推断出什么。文中提到这是一个"celebration of culture and diversity(文化与多样性的庆典)",并有音乐表演,还鼓励参与者自带桌布、小国旗等"decorations that might enhance the table(可以提升桌子观感的装饰物)"。这些描述共同指向组织者希望创造一个生动活泼、视觉上吸引人的盛宴。选项A(正式严肃的仪式)和选项B(教育性系列讲座)与"庆典"和"娱乐"的基调不符;选项D(竞争性的烹饪比赛)在文中没有任何依据。因此,C项是正确的推断。
Fooled by Randomness is a famous book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand.
Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb — seasoned trader, renowned risk expert, knowledgeable scholar, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan — has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.
This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most notable forum in which luck is mistaken for skill — the world of trading — Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.
The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness.
However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed — the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time — he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s (导师) insights and methods. But no one can copy what is obtained by chance.
Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) from the genuine innovator? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.
1. According to the passage, what is the author Nassim Nicholas Taleb's professional background?
A. A novelist and storyteller.
B. A baseball legend and philosopher.
C. A trader, risk expert, and scholar.
D. A financial manager and politician.
2. What is the key problem with the "lucky fool" described in the text?
A. He works harder than everyone else.
B. He fails to recognize the role luck played in his success.
C. He refuses to share his methods with his followers.
D. He deliberately pretends to be an expert.
3. The fictional character Nero is mentioned to illustrate that ______.
A. understanding randomness can completely prevent failure
B. randomness only affects people in certain professions
C. fictional examples are more powerful than real-life ones
D. even those aware of randomness can make irrational mistakes
4. What is the main message the author conveys in the last paragraph?
A. We should stop trying to find patterns in random events.
B. The book provides tools to eliminate life's uncertainties
C. Reading the book can help us be more aware of unpredictability.
D. True innovators are always easy to identify in the business world.
【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C
1题详解:细节理解题。题目问作者纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布的职业背景是什么。根据第二段中"...Nassim Nicholas Taleb — seasoned trader, renowned risk expert, knowledgeable scholar..."可知,他的身份包括经验丰富的交易员(trader)、著名的风险专家(risk expert)和知识渊博的学者(scholar)。选项A(小说家和讲故事的人)、B(棒球传奇和哲学家)、D(财务经理和政治家)均与文中描述不符。因此,C项(交易员、风险专家和学者)正确。
2题详解:推理判断题。题目问文中描述的“幸运的傻瓜”关键问题是什么。根据第五段描述,这个“幸运的傻瓜”恰好在正确的时间出现在正确的地点而成功,他体现了“最不适应者的生存”。这样的人会吸引追随者相信其“导师的见解和方法”,但“没有人能复制靠运气获得的东西”。由此可推知,他的关键问题在于他本人及其追随者都将其成功归因于其技能和方法,而忽视了运气在其中起到的决定性作用。选项A(他比别人更努力)和C(他拒绝分享方法)文中未提及;选项D(他故意冒充专家)并非文中强调的关键问题。因此,B项(他未能认识到运气在他成功中的作用)正确。
3题详解:推理判断题。题目问提及虚构人物尼禄是为了说明什么。根据第四段最后一句"We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness."可知,尼禄“似乎理解随机性在其职业生活中的作用,但却成为自己非理性愚蠢的受害者”。这说明,仅仅意识到随机性的存在是不够的,人仍可能因为自身的非理性行为而失败。选项A(理解随机性能完全防止失败)与文意相反;选项C(虚构例子比真实例子更有力)和B(随机性只影响某些行业的人)均属过度推断或文中未提及。因此,D项(即使意识到随机性的人也会犯非理性的错误)正确。
4题详解:主旨大意题。题目问作者在最后一段传达的主要信息是什么。最后一段提出几个问题后总结道:"It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared." 这表明,虽然我们无法完全抵御命运女神带来的不可预测性,但阅读本书可以让我们对此有更好的准备,即更能意识到并理解不可预测性(随机性)的存在。选项A(我们应停止在随机事件中寻找模式)过于绝对,非主旨;选项B(书提供了消除不确定性的工具)与“不可能完全防范”相悖;选项D(真正的创新者总是易于识别)并非本段核心。因此,C项(阅读本书能帮助我们更好地意识到不可预测性)正确。
While we race into a future where we outsource most of our problem-solving to artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is not super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting too much trust in Big Tech and not enough trust in the power of our own minds.
A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this. To think artfully means to solve problems using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions. This approach taps into the cognitive (认知的) resources that are spread throughout our bodies but often go unused.
Changing how we think is hard work. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful of how we think with our body, how we use our limbs (四肢), organs, and emotions to make sense of the world. Be mindful of all the different messages your body is sending you as well as the different roles and functions your bodily actions can play. For example, gesturing (做手势) in conversations is not just communicative. These movements often help the speaker to smooth out their thought process and assist in getting the words out.
Today, Big Tech is pushing a message of artificial-intelligence craziness and fear. What makes you stuck in it? It’s seeing the same things wherever you look. Big Tech gives you screens, hoping that your attention will always be attracted by their devices. If you want to find more freedom in this AI-filled world, improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus. Remember everything is born of a choice.
Artful thinking demands effortful mindfulness to ensure that what we do, what we hope to achieve by using these technological tools, will not weaken our humanity. As Thich Nhat Hanh said, “Mindful living is an art, and each of us has to train to be an artist.”
1. According to the text, what is an additional function of gesturing in conversations besides communication?
A. It helps to strengthen one's memory.
B. It aids in organizing the speaker's own thoughts.
C. It makes the listener more interested in the topic.
D. It replaces the need for emotional expression.
2. What can be inferred about Big Tech from the passage?
A. It intentionally limits users' perspectives to maintain attention.
B. It aims to enhance our artful thinking abilities.
C. It is primarily concerned with protecting users' humanity.
D. It encourages mindful shifting of attention between different tasks.
3. What is the author's attitude towards the concept of "artful thinking"?
A. Critical and dismissive.
B. Neutral and objective.
C. Cautious and uncertain.
D. Supportive and advocating.
4. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The necessity of improving AI technology for future problem-solving.
B. The strategies for using bodily actions to improve social communication.
C. The importance of mindful, embodied thinking to preserve humanity in the AI era.
D. The criticism against Big Tech for developing overly intelligent machinery.
【答案】 1. B 2.A 3. D 4. C
1题详解:细节理解题。题目问根据文章,除了沟通之外,对话中做手势的另一个功能是什么。根据第三段最后一句"These movements often help the speaker to smooth out their thought process and assist in getting the words out."可知,这些手势动作能帮助说话者理顺自己的思维过程,并辅助表达。选项A(帮助增强记忆)、C(让听者对话题更感兴趣)、D(取代情感表达的需要)在文中均未提及。因此,B项(帮助组织说话者自己的思路)正确。
2题详解:推理判断题。题目问从文章中可以推断出关于大型科技公司(Big Tech)的什么信息。根据第四段"Big Tech gives you screens, hoping that your attention will always be attracted by their devices."和"What makes you stuck in it? It's seeing the same things wherever you look."可以推断,Big Tech通过屏幕和设备试图持续吸引用户的注意力,并使用户局限于单一视角,从而"陷入"其中。选项B(旨在增强我们的艺术思维能力)和C(主要关注保护用户的人性)与文意相反;选项D(鼓励在不同任务间正念地转移注意力)是作者的建议,而非Big Tech的行为。因此,A项(有意限制用户的视角以维持其注意力)是正确的推断。
3题详解:观点态度题。题目问作者对"艺术思维(artful thinking)"这一概念的态度是什么。通读全文,作者在第二段明确提出"艺术思维的哲学是避免(过度依赖科技)的好方法",并在后续段落中详细阐述了其原理和实践方法,最后引用一行禅师的话强化观点。全文的论述充满了对艺术思维的肯定和推崇。选项A(批判和摒弃)、C(谨慎和不确定)、B(中立和客观)均与文章的积极和倡导性语气不符。因此,D项(支持并倡导)正确。
4题详解:主旨大意题。题目问下列哪项最好地总结了文章的主旨。文章开篇指出最大的威胁是过度信任AI而忽视自身思维力量,接着提出"艺术思维"和"正念"作为解决方案,强调调动全身认知资源,并在AI时代通过有意识地控制注意力来保持自由和人性。选项A(改进AI技术的必要性)并非文章重点;选项B(使用身体动作改善社交的策略)只是文中一个细节例子;选项D(批评Big Tech开发超智能机器)过于片面,不是核心论点。因此,C项(在AI时代,通过正念的、具身的思维来保持人性的重要性)全面准确地概括了文章核心思想。
We all pursue an ideal weight number for health and confidence, often using childhood memories, online calculators or BMI charts. However, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff warns these methods fail to consider individual differences. Our bodies change dramatically with age due to metabolism (新陈代谢) and lifestyle.
For decades, Body Mass Index (BMI) dominated weight assessments. This simple height-weight calculation sorts people from underweight to overweight. Yet Dr. Melanie Jay from NYU points out its problems: BMI gives the same ranges for 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents. It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight. Recent studies show that nearly 30% of people classified as overweight by BMI actually have healthy body fat percentages and normal metabolic profiles.
Newer metrics like the Body Roundness Index (BRI) focus on waist size instead of weight. “Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat around organs produces harmful chemicals linked to diabetes and heart disease. However, even BRI has limitations — it can’t distinguish between fat types or account for medical conditions affecting belly size, such as digestive disorders.
Doctors increasingly emphasize overall health markers over specific weights. “Instead of focusing on a’magic number,’ we examine blood pressure, cholesterol (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” notes Dr. Jay. For those with weight-related conditions, even 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve health. A 2023 study found patients who achieved modest weight reduction showed better health markers than those pursuing extreme weight loss.
The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t found on charts but through sustainable habits. “When you eat nutritiously and stay active, your body finds its natural healthy weight,” advises Dr. Freedhoff. For some, medications or surgery may help, but the real goal is lifestyle change — not to achieve an ideal number on your scale. True health, after all, is measured not by a momentary reading on a scale, but by the daily choices that nourish both body and life.
1. What is the limitation of the Body Roundness Index (BRI) mentioned in the text?
A. It is difficult to calculate accurately.
B. It fails to consider a person's height.
C. It cannot tell different types of fat apart.
D. It overlooks the importance of waist size.
2. What does the phrase "a'magic number'" (in paragraph 4) refer to?
A. The exact cost of medical treatments.
B. A specific weight goal on the scale.
C. The ideal BMI score for all individuals.
D. The perfect score on health assessments.
3. What can be inferred about the 2023 study mentioned in the passage?
A. Extreme weight loss is the most effective method.
B. Small, achievable weight loss is more beneficial for health.
C. Weight loss has no significant impact on health markers.
D. Most people fail to achieve any weight loss at all.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Arguing against single-number weight standards and advocating for a holistic health approach.
B. Introducing the latest scientific methods for rapid and effective weight loss.
C. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of BMI and BRI in detail.
D. Explaining why childhood memories should be used to determine one's ideal weight.
【答案】 1. C 2.B 3. B 4. A
1. 推理判断题。题目问文中提到的身体圆度指数(BRI)的局限性是什么。根据第三段最后一句"However, even BRI has limitations — it can’t distinguish between fat types or account for medical conditions affecting belly size..."可知,BRI的局限性在于它无法区分脂肪类型,也无法解释影响腰围的医疗状况。选项A(难以精确计算)、B(未考虑身高)、D(忽视腰围重要性)均与原文描述的局限性不符。因此,C项(不能区分不同类型的脂肪)正确。
2.词义猜测题。题目问第四段中的短语"a'magic number'"(一个“神奇数字”)指代什么。该短语出现在Dr. Jay的建议中:"Instead of focusing on a'magic number,' we examine blood pressure, cholesterol..."。这里的"magic number"与后面具体检查的血压、胆固醇等多项健康指标形成对比。结合文章主题是批判人们对理想体重的追求,以及第一段提到的"pursue an ideal weight number",可以推断这个"神奇数字"指的就是人们执着追求的那个特定的、理想的体重数值。选项A(治疗的精确费用)、C(所有人的理想BMI分数)、D(健康评估的完美分数)均与上下文语境不符。因此,B项(体重秤上的一个特定体重目标)正确。
3.推理判断题。题目问关于文中提到的2023年研究可以推断出什么。根据第四段最后一句"A 2023 study found patients who achieved modest weight reduction showed better health markers than those pursuing extreme weight loss."可知,该研究发现实现适度减重的患者比那些追求极端减重的患者表现出更好的健康指标。由此可以推断,小幅度的、可实现的减重对健康更有益。选项A(极端减重是最有效的方法)与研究发现相反;选项C(减重对健康指标没有显著影响)和D(大多数人根本减不了重)均无法从该研究中推断出。因此,B项正确。
4.主旨大意题。题目问这篇文章主要关于什么。文章开篇指出人们追求理想体重数字的普遍性及其问题,接着批判了BMI和BRI等单一指标的局限性,然后提出医生们转而强调综合健康指标,最后指出最健康的体重源于可持续的生活习惯,而非秤上的数字。全文的论证过程是先破后立:先批评单一的体重标准,再树立整体健康观。选项B(介绍快速有效减重的最新科学方法)和D(解释为何应用童年记忆来确定理想体重)与文章主旨相悖;选项C(详细比较BMI和BRI的优缺点)只是文章部分内容,并非全文核心。因此,A项(反对单一数字体重标准,倡导整体健康观)最全面地概括了文章主旨。
Imagine you start learning to play the piano. After a few weeks, when your fingers are still awkward and the tunes are simple, you tell yourself, “I’ll take a break and come back to it when I have more time.”
1 We set New Year's resolutions that are forgotten by February. We join gyms but stop going after a month. We start learning a new language only to quit when it gets challenging. 2 It seems we are experts at starting journeys but often get lost along the way.
This habit of not following through holds us back. 3 Every time we abandon a goal, we not only miss the reward of completion but also weaken our confidence for the next attempt. Think about it: when you consistently practice a skill, like writing, it becomes easier and more natural. But if you stop for a long period, starting again feels like a huge mountain to climb. 4
However, those who develop the habit of finishing what they start often achieve greater success and satisfaction. How can you tell if you are becoming a strong finisher? You will not only feel a deep sense of pride, but people around you will also notice your determination and reliability. 5 This growing respect often leads to more opportunities and trust from others.
A. The examples are endless.
B. This is a common pattern in our lives.
C. Why do we always choose the easy way out?
D. This scenario is far too familiar for many of us.
E. You dread the initial struggle and frustration all over again.
F. They will observe your progress and admire your perseverance.
G. Failing to complete tasks can prevent us from reaching our full potential
【答案】 1. D 2.A 3. G 4. E 5. F
1. D 前文描述了学钢琴半途而废的具体场景,后文列举了其他普遍存在的半途而废的例子。D项“这种情况对我们许多人来说都再熟悉不过了”起到了承上启下的作用,将具体例子与普遍现象联系起来。
2. A 前文连续列举了三个新年计划、健身、学语言半途而废的例子。A项“这样的例子数不胜数”是对前面罗列现象的恰当总结。
3. G 前一句总说“不坚持到底的习惯阻碍了我们”,后文开始解释具体如何阻碍。G项“未能完成任务会阻碍我们发挥全部潜力”直接点明其危害,与上下文衔接紧密。
4. E 前文用写作技能举例,说明长期停止后重新开始的艰难,并将其比喻为“一座需要攀登的大山”。E项“你害怕再次经历最初的挣扎和挫败”具体描述了这种害怕重新开始的心理,与“mountain to climb”的比喻相呼应。
5. F 前文提到“你周围的人会注意到你的决心和可靠性”,F项“他们会看到你的进步并钦佩你的毅力”是对“notice”内容的具体阐述,且与后文“这种日益增长的尊重”形成逻辑衔接。
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