第2章 构词法-【启航英语】2026版高中英语语法必备

考点四】 小试牛刀 1.What a beautiful flower this is!/How beautiful the flower is! 2.Will you please introduce me to the football club? 3.Tom hasn't been to Shanghai,has he? 4.How fast he runs! 5.None of us knows where he comes from. Ⅱ. 1.going forward/walking forward 2.to be paid for climbing the tree 3.us/our going/returning home 4.to know about this well-known/famous singer 5.tuming down your radio a little/bit 6.writing to;to phone/call/ring 7.making)the same mistakes 8.After we had/Having worked for over/more than three hours 9.it is)brought/taken into the warm room 10.(which/that is)spoken in Australia 目练基础 I. 1.teacher 2.man 3.dictionary 4.To do...homework Ⅱ. 1.B2.A3.C4.A5.C6.C7.D8.C9.A 10.A Ⅲ. 1.homework 2.English 3.attention;pronunciation 4.words 5.to go swimming;you 6.he was ill 7.him 8.bridge;museum 9.it;school 10.who "Father Christmas" really is I. 1.tired 2.worried 3.yellow 4.interested 5.the first V. 1.family 2.your;given 3.third 4.some 5.downstairs 6.of the other shoe V. 1.to read newspapers and books 2.to take the boy out of school 3.difficult 4.Lily 5.get on the bus 6.playing football VI. 1.on her face 2.Every night;upstairs 3.when he was eleven 4.too fast 5.With the medicine box under her arm 6.because she loves books 7.if you've lost it 8.to see the other machine . 1.us,间接宾语a story,直接宾语2.me,间接宾语anew bike,直接宾语3.us,间接宾语history,直接宾语 4.Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语 5.me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语 Q提能力 1.He is leaving tomorrow.(SVA) 2.Something terrible happened yesterday.(SVA) 3.They will stop working at eleven.(SVOA) 4.He is having supper at home now.(SVOA) 5.I told him that the bus was late.(SVOO) 6.He showed me how to run the machine.(SVOO) 7.His father named him Dongming.(SVOC) 8.They painted their boat white.(SVOC) 9.The boys are swimming in the river.(SVA) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.SVP) 答案全解全析 启航英语品 1.is listening 2.sleep well 3.lasted for 4.change 5.has come true 6.feels;tired 7.sounds interesting 8.your decision 9.in the study 10.is to look after 1.an apology to you 2.The reason why 3.an exam 4.your arrival 5.a student of Peking University 6.her to meet you 7.your phone number 8.As/So long as you 9.I am 10.your coming 第二章 构词法 叉研考点·记歌决 小试牛刀 考点一 小试牛刀 1.unwise 2.impossible 3.overheated 4.discover 5.unfamiliar 6.endanger 7.unfair 8.undressed 9.discouraged 10.invisible 1.foreigners 2.customers 3.tourists 4.exhibition 5.products 6.arrangement 7.beginning 8.relationship 9.mixture 10.society 考点二 小试牛刀 1.absent-minding-absent-minded 2.English-spoken-English-speaking 3.newly-marrying-newly-married 4.snow-covering-snow-covered 5.grown-upgrown-ups 1.the old-aged 2.a housewife 3.well-informed 4.second-hand 5.easy-going;good-natured/good-tempered 考点三 小试牛刀 1.ability:unable:disability 2.absence 3.absolutely; absoluteness 4.absorbed 5.acceptable;acceptance 6.addicted:addiction 7.additional 8.adjustment 9.admirable;admiration 10.admission 11.ambitious 12.amusing/amused;amusement 13.analysis;analytic 14.anciently 15.anger 16.arrival 17.assistant;assistance 18.association 19.astonishment;astonished/astonishing 20.attendance 21.bathe 22.beauty;beautify 23.belief:believable 24.beneficial 25.bravery:bravely 26.calculation 27.careless:carelessness:care 28.cautious 29.celebration 30.central 考点四 小试牛刀 1.Monday/Mon.Friday/Fri.2.USA 3.AIDS 4.bicycle/cycle/bike 5.x-ray 练基础 1.useless 2.Curiously 3.possibly 4.recovery 5.choice 6.kindness 7.depression 8.suggestion 9.Unfortunately 10.confusing Π. 1.previous-→previously2.closely-→close3.hardly-→hard 4.impatiently-impatient 5.helpfully-helpful 6.terrible-terribly 7.easy-easily 8.exciting-excited g.wonderfully→wonderful 10.widely-→wide 175 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 ,提能力 1.gently 2.gifted 3.govemment;governor 4.graduation 5.guidance;guide 6.healthy 7.heated 8.height 9.helpful:helpless 10.hesitation 11.ignorance;ignorant 12.illegal 13.illness 14.imagination;imaginable/imaginary 15.immigration 16.joyful 17.judgment 18.just 19.kindness:kindly 20.killer 21.enlarge;largely 22.laughter 23.laziness;lazily 24.length 25.limited 26.majority 27.manager;management 28.meaning 29.medicine 30.memorial 31.national;nationality 32.natural;naturally 33.necessity;unnecessary 34.noisy 35.northern 36.occupation:occupied 37.operator:operation 38.organization;organizer 39.official 40.officially 1.Various分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰后面的名词 combinations,故填形容词various,注意首字母大写。 2.production根据定冠词the和设空后的of可知，该空用所 给词的名词形式，故填production。 3.professional分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰后 面的名词museum tour guide,故填professional。 4.appearance根据句意可知，此处指“在外表方面”，根据前 面的介词可知，此处填appear的名词形式appearance。 5.attractive设空处修饰名词qualities作定语，应用形容词 形式，故填attractive 1.y.改善2.y.上交3.n.黑色4.n.谈话5.ad.努力地 新西兰的一个科学家小组最近无意中发现了一种以前 未知的企鹅物种的遗骸一怀塔哈企鹅，这个物种已经灭绝 了500年，对科学界来说，这是一个令人兴奋的消息。本文 讲述的研究的过程和结论。 1.scientists 2.previously 3.discovery 4.exciting 5.effects 6.Surprisingly 7.settlement 8.disappearance 9.arrival 10.rarest 第三章 冠词 叉研考点·记歌决 一小试牛刀 (考点一 等小试牛刀 l.a:a“数词+and+a half表示“..个半”；break作名词意 为“休息”时，是可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。 2.a:/fom在此为可数名词，前面应加不定冠词，意为“某 一种” 2man意为“人类”，其前不加冠词 3.a;a两个空白后的dream属于并列第一次出现，且均为 可数名词，所以都用不定冠词。不定冠词a在两处均意为 “(非特指的)一个” 4.a;a句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是 种莫大的安慰。a drink意为“一杯饮料”；a comfort意为 “一件令人安慰的事” 5.a;a句意：人们普遍认为男孩子就该学会站起来像男人 一样去奋斗。boy和man均为可数名词，在句中都表泛 指，故其前都应该加不定冠词。 6.a;a不定冠词和序数词连用时，意为“又一，再一”，a second chance意为“再一次机会”；第二空中first impression为泛指，又由题干可知impression为可数名词， 可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词。 7 a;a句意：除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们 就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。独一无二的事物前 用不定冠词表示一时的特色或特定阶段的情况。 8.a在人名前加不定冠词表示“某个..”，aMr.Smith意 为“一位叫史密斯的先生” 176 9.an;a eight以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an,表示“一 (个)”；have a gift for是固定搭配，意为“有…的天赋”。 10.a:a两个空均表示数量“一”，均用不定冠词 考点二 小试牛刀 l.the:the表示江、河、海、洋的名词前要加定冠词：序数词 前要加定冠词。 2.the:the形容词最高级前要用定冠词the:month后有of May修饰，表特指，故用定冠词。 3.the;the rush-hour traffic和heavy rain前均加定冠词the, 特指刚刚发生的事。 4.the:he此处的bed和book都是特指，故均用定冠词。 5.the:the由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般加the:特指 “艾滋病的传播”，故用定冠词。 6.the:the第一个空填the,表特指；第二个空后面是形容词 最高级，应填the。 7.the“the+比较级”表示两者中的特指。 8.the“by+the+表示计量单位的名词”表示“以…计”。 by the hour意为“按小时计”。 9.the;a“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别，而popular means of communication应该有很多种，手机只是其中一种，故用 不定冠词a。 10.The第二次提到某人或物时其前用定冠词。 (考点三 小试牛刀 1./side by side肩并肩地。 2./;a leave college为固定用法，意为“大学毕业”；第二个 空后的doctor为单数可数名词，表泛指要用不定冠词a。 3./两个名词指同一个人时，后面名词前不用冠词。 4./;/by chance碰巧；tum doctor成为医生。 5./:/ on duty值班；in public当众。 6./no与such连用时放在such前，such后的名词不需 冠词。 7./in danger of处于…的危险中 8./;/make fun of取笑；do harm to对…有害。 9./ in charge of负责。 10./ on purpose故意地。 小试牛刀 1.the;/ in the charge of在.…掌管之中；in charge of掌管。 2.the take the place of代替。 3./;/in hospital住院；at church在做礼拜。 4./;the out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不 可能。 目做真题·练基础 一新露头角 1.the“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词”为固定搭配，表 示“最…的…之一 故填定冠词the。 2.away意为“方式”，是可数名词，此处表示一种新的穿衣 方式的兴起，表泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头。故 填不定冠词a。 3.the for the first time意为“第一次”，是固定搭配。故填the 4.thethe other意为“（两者中）另一个”，为固定搭配。故 填the 5.a a touch of意为“一点点；稍许”，是固定搭配，用于表示 某种程度上的存在或影响，通常指不太明显或不严重的程 度。touch以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 6.the分析句子结构可知，此处特指“用于医学训练指导使 用的语言”，为特指概念，应用定冠词修饰，故填h肥 7.he根据句意可知，此处指“草根北京人的文化”，表示特 指概念，故填定冠词the。 8.a work on a new concept意为“致力于一个新观念”。表 泛指，故填a。 9.A句意：他的一个朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。 此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音 音素开头，应用a,空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。第二章 构词法 考点架构 派生法 合成法 构词法 转化法 缩写与简写 。研考点·记歌诀 小试牛刀 续表 考点一派生法 appear-→appearance出现；外貌 派生法指在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加 guide-→guidance指引；指导 后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或相反的单词。 -ance/ perform-→performance表演；节目 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变 -ence exist-existence存在；生存 词性：后缀一般改变单词的词性，但是并不引起词 prefer-一→preference偏爱 refer-→reference参考；查阅 义的变化。 (一)动词变名词的后缀 hear一→hearing听力；听觉 -ing begin→beginning开头；开端 后缀 例词 fail→failure失败；没做到 correct-→correction改正 -ure/ press-→pressure压力 -ture mix→nixture混合；混合物 celebrate-→celebration庆祝；庆祝会 depart-→departure离开；出发 conclude-→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论：辩论 recover-→recovery恢复；痊愈 -y -ion/ discover-→discovery发现 decide-→decision决定 -tion/ admit-→admission接纳；准许人学 choose-→choice选择 -sion/ attract-→attraction吸引 其他 vay→variety多样化；种类 -ation tend一→tendency趋向；趋势 invite-→invitation邀请；请柬 grow→growth生长；增加 explain-→explanation解释 graduate-→graduation毕业 (二)形容词变名词的后缀 expect-→expectation期望；期待 后缀 例词 -age short-→shortage不足；短缺 punish-→punishment惩罚 efficient-→efficiency效率；功效 achieve-→achievement功绩；成就 fluent-→fluency流利；流畅 argue-一→argument辩论；论据 -cy -ment accurate-→accuracy准确性 treat-一→treatment对待；治疗 private-→privacy隐私；私密 equip一→equipment装备；设备 free→freedom自由：自主 -dom govern-一→government政府 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 016 第二章构词法 启航英语悬 续表 续表 different-→difference差异 act→active积极的；活跃的 ence silent-→silence沉默 effect-effective有效的；生效的 ive weak→weakness虚弱：弱点 attract-→attractive有吸引力的 -ness kind→kindness仁慈；好意 impress-→impressive给人深刻印象的 careless-→carelessness粗心大意 (四)形容词变副词的后缀 strong-一→strength力气：强项 -th 在形容词后加y可变成相应意义的副词 warm→warmth温暖；热情 honest-→honesty诚实 clear-→clearly清楚地 直接加-y difficult-→difficulty困难 slow→slowly缓慢地 ☑ cruel-一→cruelty残酷：残暴 -ty/ 改y为-ily happy-→happily高兴地 safe→safety安全 -ity easy→easily容易地 disable-→disability无能；伤残 responsible-一→responsibility责任 去e加-ly tue→truly真诚地；确实 (三)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 (五)表示“人”的后缀 后缀 例词 在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具 有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后 accept-→acceptable可接受的 缀有： comfort-comfortable舒适的 -able fashion→fashionable时髦的 后缀 例词 suit→suitable合适的 teach-teacher老师 reason+reasonable有道理的 work→worker工人 -er/-r music-→musical音乐的 village-→villager村民 origin-→original最初的 strange-→stranger陌生人 -al person-→personal个人的；私人的 -ar lie→iar说谎者 center-→central中央的；中心的 nature-→natural自然的；天生的 employ-→employee受雇者；雇员 -ee interview-interviewee被采访者 doubt-→doubtful怀疑的 forget-→forgetful健忘的 invent-一inventor发明家 -ful harm→harmful有害的 -0r educate-→educator教育家；教师 hope→hopeful有希望的 conduct-→conductor指挥；售票员 peace-→peaceful和平的 steward-→stewardess女乘务员 -ess frighten-→frightened害怕的 host一hostess女主人：女主持人 satisfy-→satisfied满意的 China-→Chinese中国人 ed/-d scare-→scared感到恐惧的 -ese Japan-→Japanese日本人 confuse-→confused感到困惑的 underlineunderlined下划线的 America-→American美▣人 -an Australia→Australian澳洲人 surprise-→surprising令人惊异的 convince-→convincing令人信服的 history-→historian历史学家 -ing -ian satisfy-→satisfying令人满意的 politics-一→politician政治家；政客 special-→specialist专家 access→accessible容易取得的 -ist -ible horror-→horrible可怕的：恐怖的 tour→tourist旅行者；观光者 terror-一→terrible可怕的 participate-→participant参加者 -ant assist-→assistant助手；图书管理员 017 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 (六)否定及其他意义的前、后缀 续表 前后缀分类 例词 harm→harmless无害的 fortunate-→unfortunate不幸的 后缀 -less(无.…) use→useless无用的 un- healthy→inhealthy不健康的 fear→fearless无畏的 legal-→illegal非法的 able→enable使能够 il-(用于/1/ en- 音开头的词前) literate-→illiterate文盲的，不识 large-→enlarge扩大 字的 形容 词变 wide-widen使变宽 im-(用于 -en mature-→immature不成熟的 动词 sharp-→sharpen使锋利；加强 /m//p/ perfect-→imperfect不完美的 的前 音开头的词前) modern→modernize使现代化 缀和 -ize/-ise real-→realize实现 convenient-→inconvenient不方 后缀 in- 便的 simple-→simplify简化 -ify formal-一→informal非正式的 pure→purify净化 否定 前缀 regular-→irregular不规则的 ir(用于/r/ 小试牛刀 resistible→irresistible难以抗 音开头的词前) 拒的 I.用适当的前缀填空，并注意词形的变化 appear-一→disappear消失 1.It is generally considered (wise)to give a child whatever he or she wants. dis- courage-→discourage使泄气 agree-→disagree不同意 2.Only a few years ago,it was (possible) to find green products in a supermarket. native-→non-native非本土的 3.Holiday makers who are bored with baking beaches non- stop→non-stop不停顿的，直 and heat)hotel room head for a big 达的 igloo(冰屋). understand->misunderstand误解 4.Do you ever cover)who sent you the mis- lead一→mislead误导 flowers? fortune-→misfortune不幸 5.The artist's name is familiar)to most people. write-→rewrite重写 6.You will (danger)your health if you re-(重新) arrange-→rearrange重新安排 work so hard. build-→rebuild重建 7.Rose said it was (fair）if Dad gave me a communication→ dictionary but gave her only a diary. telecommunication远程通信 8.The mother dress the baby,then put tele-(远程的) scope-→telescope望远镜 him in a basin of warm water. graph-→telegraph电报 9.Though he didn't win any medals in the last sports 其他 national-→international国际的 meet,he was not (courage). 意义 inter--(交互的) act→interact互动，相互影响 10.The cloth would be (visible)to anyone 前缀 phone-→interphone对讲机 who was unfit for the office he held. Ⅱ.用适当的后缀填空，并注意词形的变化 co-(共同) writer-→co-writer合作者 1.Business people,(foreign)and families operate-→cooperate合作，协作 alike are making good use of the growing industry. cycle-→bicycle自行车 2.Firms can attract enough (custom）for bi-(两个) lingual-一→bilingual双语的 70 percent of their cars every month. auto- biography-→auto-biography自传 3.The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt;it is (自动，自己) play→autoplay自动播放 now attracting (tour)from all over the world. 018 第二章构词法 启航英语 4.We didn't plan our art exhibit)like that 续表 but it worked out very well overcome克服 副词+ 5.Careless methods of (produce）and lack 动词 undertake从事 of consumer demand for environment-friendly upset使心烦意乱 products have contributed to the pollution problem. 形容词+ blacklist把…列入黑名单 6.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new 合成 动词 whitewash粉饰 safeguard保护 (arrange）of things. 动词 7.Few people realize that English language is actually 名词+ sleepwalk梦游 Germanic in its (begin). 动词 sunburn晒黑 sunbathe沐日光浴 8.What is the relation)between the two 其他 blow-dy用电吹风器把（头发）》 speakers? 吹干 9.In the rest of the country lived the Saxons,actually a 名词+ nationwide全国性的 (mix)of Anglos,Saxons,and other snow-white雪白的 形容词 lifelong毕生的 Germanic and Nordic peoples. 10.According to the text,which type of behavior is 名词+现 heartbreaking使心碎的 peacekeeping维护和平的 not expected of a man by (social)? 在分词 labor-saving节省劳动力的 考点二 合成法 名词+过 man-made人造的 去分词 sunburnt晒黑的 合成法(Compounding)即由两个或更多的词 合成一个词，有的用连字符“”连接，有的直接连写 形容词+ high-class高级的 barefoot赤脚的 在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如下表： 名词 long-term长期的 合成 合成方式 例词 形容词+ good-looking好看的 词类 现在分词 low-lying低（洼）的 easy-going随和的 名词+ bookshop书店 classroom教室 形容词+ black-tailed黑尾巴的 名词 seaside海滨 名词+ warm-hearted热心的 合成 ed simple-minded头脑简单的 名词+动 handwriting笔迹 形容 名词 sightseeing观光 副词+形 evergreen常青的 容词 oversensitive过分敏感的 动名词+ waiting-room候车室 名词 sleepingpill安眠药片 副词+现 ever-lasting永恒的 highway公路 在分词 hard-working勤劳的 形容词+ outstanding杰出的 mainland大陆 名词 合成 blackboard黑板 副词+过 well-known著名的 名词 breakthrough突破 去分词 newly-built新建的 动词+ so-called所谓的 副词 get-together联欢会 makeup(女用)化妆品 数词+ one-way单程的 downfall垮台 名词 first-class头等的 副词+ second-hand二手的 outbreak爆发 动词 income收人 al-round全面的 dark-blue深蓝的 go-between中间人 其他 ready-made现成的 good-for-nothing无用的人 face-to-face面对面的 其他 mother-in-law岳母；婆婆 one--sided片面的 he-goat公山羊 happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的 019 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 续表 3.这则消息是被一位消息灵通的新闻记者发现的。 anywhere在（往）任何地方 The news was dug up by a journalist. nowhere任何地方都不 somewhere在某处 4.别让你的孩子吸二手烟。 everywhere到处upstairs在楼上 Don't expose your children to tobacco downstairs在楼下indoors在室内 smoke. outdoors在室外however无论如何 合成 5.他随和而且脾气好。 副词 wherever无论何地whenever无论何时 whatever不管发生什么somehow不知怎么地 He was and anyhow不管怎样anyway不管怎样 anytime在任何时候sometimes有时 考点三转化法 nowadays现今maybe大概 otherwise否则；别的其他方面 转化法(Conversion)即由一种词性转化为另 种或几种词性。如下表： oneself自己myself我自己 yourself你自己himself他自己 转化方式 例词 herself她自己itself它自己 n.名字 n.(大)船 ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己 name ship (.给…取名 (v.用船运 合成 themselves他们自己somebody某人 代词 anybody任何人 everybody每人 nm/n.奶 n.香烟 smoke nobody谁也不someone某人anyone任何人 名词 (.挤奶 抽烟 everyone每人something某事 n.鱼 n.雨 fish rain anything任何事（物）everything每件事 动词 v.钓鱼 (v.下雨 nothing没有东西 another另一个 n.陆地 n.水 land water.在…上洒 小试牛刀 (v.登陆 (或浇)水 I.单句改错 (n.错误 (n.俄国人 wrong Russian 1.He was absent-minding and made a lot of mistakes (ad,错误的 (ad.俄国人的 in his homework. (n.穷人 n.背（部） poor back 2.It is well-known that Canada is mainly an English- 名词二 (ad.贫穷的 (ad.背后的 spoken country. 形容词 (n.化学药品 chemical 3.The newly-marrying couple are honeymooning in ad心.化学的 Hawaii. (n.中国人 Chinese 4.There are quite a number of wild animals living in (ad.中国人的 the snow-covering mountain. .(打)开 少.使自由 5.Some grown-up are just unwilling to take some open free (ad.敞开的 (ad,自由的 time to be with their kids. 动词一 (似.倒空 ,.使整洁 Ⅱ.完成句子 empty tidy 形容词 (ad.空的 (ad,整洁的 1.虽然社会保障的弊病很明显，它还是减轻了那些 (μ.使完整 上了年纪的美国人的贫困状况。 complete (ad.完整的 Though insurance has obvious disadvantages,it has relieved the poverty of (ad.足够地 (ad.最后 enough' last adj.足够的 (ad.最后的 Americans. 2.做母亲和家庭主妇有时使人觉得好像是个受累 副词二 ad.努力地 (ad.高 hard< high 不讨好的差使。 形容词 ad.硬的 (ad.高的 Sometimes being a mother and (ad.广阔地 (ad.深 wide (ad山.广阔的 deep] felt like a thankless task. ad.深的 020 第二章构词法 启航英语悬 小试牛刀 考点四， 缩写和简写 写出下列单词的正确形式 L.缩写词(Abbreviation)多数按字母读音，少 1.able n.; (反形)；」 数像单词一样拼读。 (反名) 缩写 全称 汉语 2.absent- n. British Broadcasting BBC 英国广播公司 3.absolute- ad.;_ n Corporation 4.absorb- adj. National Basketball (美国)全国 NBA Association 篮球协会 5.accept- adj.;」 UN United Nations 联合国 6.addict- adj. n. 7.addition- very important adj. VIP 大人物 person 8.adjust- n. VOA Voice of America 美国之音 9.admire- adj. World Trade 10.admit- WTO 世界贸易组织 Organization 11.ambition- adj. D identification 身份证明 12.amuse- adj.; n. TV television 电视 13.analyze- n.; adj. acquired immunity 艾滋病（获得性免 14.ancient- AIDS deficiency syndrome 疫缺陷综合征) 15.angry- n. North Atlantic NATO 北大西洋公约组织 16.arrive- Treaty Organization 17.assist- n.(人)； n. Organization of 18.associate- n. OPEC Petroleum Exporting 石油输出国组织 19.astonish- n.; adj. Countries 20.attend- n. United Nations 21.bath- Educational.Scientific and v. UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 Cultural 22.beautiful- n.; v. Organization 23.believe- n.; adj. Asia-Pacific 24.benefit- adj. APEC 亚太经济合作组织 Economic Cooperation 25.brave- n.;_ 26.calculate- 缩写形式 例词 n. 27.careful- (反义)； (反名)； United Nations-→UN联合国 按首字母 British Broadcasting Corporation-一→BBC英国 拼读的缩广播公司 28.caution- adj. 略词 Unidentified Flying Object-UFO不明飞行物 29.celebrate Do It Yourself-→DIY自己动手做 30.center- adj. 021 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 续表 3.混成法 星期、 Sun.Mon.Tues.Wed.Thurs.Fri.Sat. 把两个词各取一部分混合在一起的构词法叫 月份的 Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.Jun.Aug.Sept.Oct. 混成法。例如： 缩写词 Nov.Dec. breakfast+lunch→brunch早午饭smoke+fog number--→No.percent-→% smog烟雾 news+broadcast-newscast新闻播报 符号缩 for example→e.g. et cetera-etc 写词 dollar→$pound-→e 小试牛刀 2.简写词又称截短语(Clipping),即截去词的 完成句子 前一部分或后一部分，甚至前后各截去一部分：另 1.从星期一到星期五他通常在六点起床。 外还可从两个词中各取一部分混合成一个新词。 He usually gets up at six from to 剪切形式 例词 2.美国已经同化了许多来自不同国家的人。 剪切掉原 telephone-→phone电话 The has assimilated people from many 词的开头 airplane-→plane飞机 different countries. 部分 bicycle-→cycle自行车 3.为了解艾滋病，人们的注意力从艾滋病病毒转向 taxicab-taxi出租车 了免疫系统。 examination-→exam考试 In the effort to understand attention is 剪切掉原 photograph-→photo照片 moving from the virus to the immune system. 词的末尾 laboratory-→lab实验室 4.随着科技的发展，共享单车进入了人们的生活。 部分 advertisement-→ad广告 With the development of technology,shared kilogram-→kilo公斤 comes into people's lives. exposition-→eXpo博览会 5.我们把包放进X光机里检查。 剪切掉原 We put our bags into the machine for influenza-一→flu流感 词的两端 check. 练 基 础 1.单句语法填空 6.That little act of (kind)made everyone 1.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going who saw it feel good-but it made me feel the best back to school but one important thing to know is, of all! no knowledge is (use). 7.He sank into depress when both his 2. (curious),I gave him my full attention. parents left him and went to the south in search of a 3.But such a small thing couldn't better-paid job. (possible)destroy a village. 8.As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest) 4.I really needed snow,because it was good for my is that we should always have a notebook and a recover). Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. 5.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I 9.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I (fortunate),I was held up by the heavy had no other (choose),though. traffic jam. 022 第二章构词法 启航英语悬 10.There are so many different labels on food 5.The teachers here are kind and helpfully nowadays.They are not only confuse) but also misleading. 6.Dad and I were terrible worried. Ⅱ.单句改错 1.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or 7.On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see even noticed the ticket-owner before. the football field. 8.So exciting was I that I couldn't wait to try my 2.That is too much for us,considering how closely hand at riding it. the houses are 9.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 3.I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it. 10.The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw 4.After waiting for about half an hour,I was nothing. beginning to get impatiently. 提 能 力 I.写出下列单词的正确形式 22.laugh- n. 1.gentle- adv 23.lazy n.; adv. 2.gift- adj. 24.long- n. 3.govern n.; n.(人) 25.limit- adj. 4.graduate- 么 26.major- n. 5.guide- n.; n.(人) 27.manage- n.(人)： n. 6.health- adj. 28.mean- n 7.heat- adj. 29.medical- n. 8.high- n. 30.memory adj. 9.help- adj.; (反形) 31.nation- adj.; n. 10.hesitate- n. 32.nature- adj. adv 11.ignore- n.; adj. 33.necessary n.; (反形) 12.legal- (反) 34.noise- adj. 13.i n. 35.north- adj. 14.imagine n.; adj. 36.occupy- n.;_ adj. 15.immigrate- n. 37.operate n.; 16.joy- adj. 38.organize n.;_ n. 17.judge- n. 39.office- adj. 18.justice- adj. 40.official adv. 19.kind- n. adv. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 20.kill- n. variety)combinations of forms and 21.large- V.; adv. genres exist. 023 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 2.The 72-year-old tea maker from Fuzhou city is a effect)humans have had on the now endangered master in the produce)of jasmine tea. species.They studied centuries-old bones from what 3.A profession)museum tour guide for they thought were yellow-eyed penguins and over 10 years,Bai Xuesong observed that more compared them with the bones of modern yellow-eyed visitors were expecting specialized introductions to penguins.6 (surprising),some of the bones were the ins and outs behind the cultural relics. older than they had been expected.Even more 4.Its several buildings,similar to rice grains in shockingly,the DNA in the bones indicated that they (appear),are assembled(组装)asa did not belong to yellow-eyed penguins.The scientists blooming rice flower. concluded that these very old bones must have 5.We want an animal that is beautiful and belonged to a previously unknown species,which endangered,and is loved for its attract) they named the Waitaha penguin. qualities. By studying the bones,scientists further Ⅲ.写出下列加黑单词的词性和意义 concluded that the Waitaha penguin was once native 1.We will try our best to better our living to New Zealand.But after the 7 (settle)of conditions. ( humans on the island country,its population was 2.Hand in your papers please. ( wiped out. 3.The girl in black appears very beautiful. Based on the ages of the bones of both penguin 4.I think we'd better finish the talk now. species,the team discovered a gap in time between 5.To catch up with his classmates,Tom works hard the 8 (disappear)of the Waitaha and the 9 day and night. ) (arrive)of the yellow-eyed penguin.The time gap V.用所给词的正确形式完成下面短文 indicates that the extinction of the Waitaha penguin Surprise!A New Penguin created the opportunity for the yellow-eyed penguin A team of 1 science)in New Zealand population to migrate to New Zealand. recently came across the remains of a 2 Though yellow-eyed penguins thrived(兴盛)in previous )unknown species of penguin-by New Zealand for many years,that species now also mistake.The 3 (discover)of the Waitaha faces extinction.The yellow-eyed penguin today is penguin species,which has been extinct for 500 considered one of the world's 10 (rare)species years,is 4 (excite)news for the scientific of penguin,with an estimated population of 7,000 community because it gives new insight into how past that is now the focus of an extensive conservation extinction events can help shape the present effort in New Zealand. environment. 1. 3. The researchers uncovered the Waitaha penguin 6. remains while studying New Zealand's rare yellow- 7 8 9 eyed penguin.The team wanted to investigate the 5 10. 024