14 词汇篇·因果关系-高中英语思想方法导引课

词汇篇·因果关系 一、核心思想方法 高中英语中“因果关系”的核心思想是通过特定的词汇、短语或句式，清晰呈现事件、行为、现象之间“原因 - 结果”的逻辑联系。这种关系能帮助学习者理解文本的内在逻辑，使表达更有条理。常见表达因果关系的方式包括连词、介词短语、动词短语等。 连词表达因果关系 ① because：引导原因状语从句，直接说明原因，语气最强。如： I didn't go to school because I was ill. 我没去上学，因为我生病了。 明确指出“生病”是“没去上学”的直接原因 。 ② since：表示已知的、显而易见的原因，常译为“既然”。如： Since it is raining, wed better stay at home. 既然在下雨，我们最好待在家里。 “下雨”是大家都知道的情况，基于此得出“待在家里”的结论 。 ③ as：引导原因状语从句时，强调原因比较明显，语气较弱，常译为“由于”。如： As he was tired, he fell asleep quickly. 由于他很累，所以很快就睡着了。 阐述“累”和“快速入睡”之间的因果联系 。 ④ so：连接并列句，用于说明结果，前面的句子为原因。如： He got up late, so he missed the early bus. 他起晚了，所以错过了早班车。 前句是原因，后句是导致的结果 。 二、解决高中英语学习中的问题 ① 逻辑理解困难：在阅读英语文章时，学生常因无法识别因果关系，难以理清事件发展脉络和作者的论证逻辑。例如，遇到复杂句“Because the company adjusted its marketing strategy, which was influenced by the changing market demands, its sales increased significantly.”，若不能梳理出“市场需求变化→公司调整营销策略→销售额显著增长”的因果链条，就无法准确理解文意。掌握因果关系表达，能帮助学生把握文章逻辑。 ② 写作逻辑混乱：写作中，学生往往只是罗列观点和事例，缺乏逻辑关联，文章显得松散。学会运用因果关系表达，可使论述更有条理。比如写议论文时，用“Due to the increasing environmental pollution, the government has taken a series of measures, such as strengthening supervision and promoting green energy, which in turn have improved the ecological situation.”，清晰呈现“污染加剧 →政府举措 →生态改善”的因果逻辑。 ④ 听力信息抓取不全：英语听力中，因果关系的表述语速较快，学生若不熟悉相关表达，容易遗漏关键信息。如听到“Since the flight was cancelled owing to the heavy fog, we had to take the train instead.”，若不理解“since” “owing to”所表达的因果关系，就难以准确获取航班取消和改乘火车之间的联系。 ⑤ 完形填空和语法填空误判：完形填空中，选项可能涉及不同的因果关系表达词汇，需要根据语境选择合适的词；语法填空中，也常考查因果关系连词、介词短语等的正确使用。例如语法填空题目“______ he was tired, he still kept working.”，需根据逻辑选择合适的连词“Although”（虽然，表让步，此处逻辑不符）或“Though”（虽然，表让步，此处逻辑不符）或“Even though”（即使，表让步，此处逻辑不符）或“Because”（因为，逻辑合理，因为累却仍工作，“累”是前提，选此项 ），若不熟悉因果关系表达，易选错。 三、高考英语题型应用解析示例 例题1 阅读理解（新高考真题改编） 题目 Because of the new policy, the local economy has developed rapidly. Many new businesses have emerged, and peoples living standards have improved significantly. 由于新政策，当地经济快速发展。许多新企业涌现，人们的生活水平显著提高。 问题 What is the cause of the rapid development of the local economy? ▶解题步骤 ① 识别因果关系表达：找到“Because of”，确定其引导的“the new policy”是原因 。 ② 结合文本确认：后文“经济快速发展” “新企业涌现” “生活水平提高”等都是结果，进一步确认“新政策”是引发这些变化的原因 。 ③ 得出答案：The cause of the rapid development of the local economy is the new policy. 例题2 完形填空（新高考模拟题） 题目 His hard work ______ his success in the competition. 他的努力______他在比赛中获胜。 A. led to B. resulted from C. because of D. due to ▶解题步骤 ① 分析选项：“led to”表示“导致”，主语是原因，宾语是结果；“resulted from”表示“由……引起”，主语是结果，宾语是原因；“because of”和“due to”后接名词等表原因，不能作谓语 。 ② 结合语境：“His hard work”是原因，“his success”是结果，需要表示“导致”且能作谓语的短语 。 ③ 选择答案：“led to”符合要求，答案选A 。 例题3 语法填空（新高考模拟题） 题目 ______ (既然) you have finished your homework, you can watch TV for a while. ▶解题步骤 ① 确定因果关系及所需词汇：根据中文提示“既然”和句子逻辑，可知此处需填引导原因状语从句且表示已知原因的连词 。 ② 选择答案：“Since”符合要求，故填入“Since”。 例题4 读后续写（新高考模拟题） 题目 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 ...It rained heavily last night. As a result,... 续写要求 运用因果关系继续故事。 ▶解题步骤 ① 承接上文原因：上文“昨晚下大雨”是原因 。 ② 构思合理结果并运用因果关系表达： 如续写“As a result, the streets were flooded this morning. Many cars got stuck in the water, and people had to walk carefully to avoid slipping. The local government quickly organized workers to drain the water, because they knew the flood would cause more serious problems if not dealt with in time.” ，通过“as a result” “because”等表达，展现下雨导致街道被淹、汽车被困等一系列结果，以及政府采取行动的原因 。 例题5 应用文写作（新高考真题） 题目 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友David询问你学校开展垃圾分类活动的原因，请写一封邮件回复他。 ▶解题步骤 ① 构思因果关系内容：明确“环境保护需求” “资源回收利用”等是开展活动的原因，用因果关系表达组织内容 。 ② 运用因果关系表达写作： 如写“Dear David, I’m glad to tell you the reasons for the garbage sorting activity in our school. Due to the increasing environmental pollution and the urgent need to recycle resources, our school has launched this meaningful activity. As a result, students have enhanced their awareness of environmental protection, and a large amount of recyclable waste has been properly processed. This activity not only helps to keep our campus clean but also contributes to building a sustainable society. Best wishes, Li Hua” ，通过“due to” “as a result”等清晰呈现活动原因和带来的结果 。 例题6 长难句分析（新高考真题改编） 题目 The project failed, mainly because the team members lacked communication and cooperation, which led to many misunderstandings and mistakes. 这个项目失败了，主要是因为团队成员缺乏沟通与合作，这导致了许多误解和错误。 ▶解题步骤 ① 识别因果关系表达：找到“because”表明“团队成员缺乏沟通与合作”是“项目失败”的原因；“led to”说明“缺乏沟通合作”又引发了“许多误解和错误” 。 ② 分析句子结构和逻辑：理清“缺乏沟通合作 ——项目失败”以及“缺乏沟通合作 - 产生误解和错误”的因果链条，从而理解整个句子的逻辑和含义 。 四、练习题 ① 单项选择 He didn't attend the meeting ______ his illness. A. because B. because of C. so D. since ② 阅读理解 Owing to the improvement of technology, the production efficiency has been greatly increased. What is the cause of the increase in production efficiency? ③ 完形填空 His laziness ______ his poor grades in the exam. A. resulted from B. led to C. because of D. due to ④ 语法填空：______ (因为) it was sunny, we decided to go for a picnic. ⑤ 读后续写：续写句子，要求运用因果关系。“She didn't prepare well for the interview. Therefore,...” ⑥ 应用文写作：假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Alice询问你喜欢阅读的原因，请写一封邮件回复她，文中需使用至少3处因果关系表达。 【答案】 ① 答案：B。“his illness”是名词短语，“because of”后接名词短语表原因，“because”后接句子，“so”表结果，“since”引导原因状语从句，此处选B。 ② 答案：The cause of the increase in production efficiency is the improvement of technology. ③ 答案：B。“resulted from”主语是结果，宾语是原因，不符合；“led to”表示“导致”，符合“懒惰导致成绩差”；“because of”和“due to”不能作谓语，选B。 ④ 答案：Because ⑤ 答案示例：She didn't prepare well for the interview. Therefore, she didn't perform well and failed to get the job. As a result, she realized the importance of full preparation and decided to work harder next time.（通过“therefore” “as a result”体现因果关系 ） ⑥ 答案示例： Dear Alice, I’m writing to tell you why I love reading. Firstly, because reading can broaden my horizons, I can learn about different cultures, histories, and scientific knowledge from books. Secondly, since it helps me relax after a busy day, I often read books in my free time. Moreover, due to the fact that reading improves my language skills and imagination, my writing and communication abilities have been enhanced a lot. In a word, reading enriches my life in many ways. Best wishes, Li Hua 在这封邮件中，通过“because” “since” “due to”等多次运用因果关系表达，清晰阐述喜欢阅读的原因 。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $