12 词汇篇·省略-高中英语思想方法导引课

词汇篇·省略 一、核心思想方法 高中英语“省略”的核心思想是在不影响句子结构完整和语义表达清晰的前提下，省略句子中一些重复、次要或根据语境可明确理解的部分。这种语法现象能使语言表达更加简洁高效，同时也是英语句子多样性和灵活性的体现。 二、解决高中英语学习中的问题 ① 阅读理解中句子理解困难：阅读时遇到省略句，若不能识别省略部分并补全，可能导致对句子理解错误。例如句子“Though tired, he still kept working.”，不理解这是“Though he was tired, he still kept working.”的省略形式，就难以明白句子表达的“尽管他很累，但仍坚持工作”的含义。掌握省略现象，能帮助学生准确理解句子，提升阅读效率。 ② 写作表达繁琐：学生写作时，常因不知道省略规则而重复表达，使文章繁琐。例如可能写成“I like playing basketball, and my brother also likes playing basketball.”，学会省略后可写成“I like playing basketball, and my brother also likes.”，使表达更简洁。 ③ 语法填空和完形填空误判：语法填空中常考查省略结构的还原与填写，完形填空中根据上下文判断省略内容对选择正确词汇至关重要。如语法填空题目“Unless ______ (invite), I wont go to the party.”，需要学生理解这是省略句，补充完整为“Unless I am invited, I wont go to the party.”，从而填入“invited”；若不熟悉省略规则，易出错。 ④ 口语交流不流畅：在口语交流中，恰当运用省略句能使表达更自然流畅。若不掌握省略用法，可能会说出冗长、不地道的句子，影响交流效果。 三、高考英语题型应用解析示例 例题1 阅读理解（新高考真题改编） 题目 When necessary, the teacher will explain the difficult points again. 必要时，老师会再次讲解难点。 问题 What is the complete form of this elliptical sentence? ▶解题步骤 ① 判断句子类型：这是一个时间状语从句的省略句 。 ② 分析省略部分：根据省略规则，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致（都是the teacher），且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词 。 ③ 还原句子：完整形式为“When it is necessary, the teacher will explain the difficult points again.” 。 例题2 完形填空（新高考模拟题） 题目 He didn't come to school, not because he was ill, but because he ______ (forget) the time. 他没来上学，不是因为生病，而是因为他______时间。 A. forget B. forgets C. forgot D. had forgotten ▶解题步骤 ① 分析句子结构：此句是并列复合句，后一个“because”引导的从句与前一个从句结构相似，存在省略现象 。 ② 确定时态：根据前文“didn't come”可知，句子时态为一般过去时 。 ③ 选择答案：“forget”的过去式为“forgot”，答案选C 。 例题3 语法填空（新高考模拟题） 题目 If ______ (ask) about his future plan, he would be happy to talk about it. 如果______他的未来计划，他会很乐意谈论。 ▶解题步骤 ① 判断省略类型：这是条件状语从句的省略 。 ② 分析省略内容：从句主语和主句主语一致（都是he），且从句含有be动词和过去分词，省略了“he was” 。 ③ 填入答案：故填入“asked” 。 例题4 读后续写（新高考模拟题） 题目 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 ...She entered the room and, seeing the mess, (she) frowned. Then,... 续写要求 运用省略手法使句子简洁自然。 ▶解题步骤 ① 承接上文省略形式：前文“seeing the mess, (she) frowned”省略了主语“she” 。 ② 续写运用省略：如续写“Then, (she) quickly rolled up her sleeves and started to clean up. (She) put away the scattered books, (she) wiped the dusty table, and (she) swept the floor.” ，通过多处省略主语“she”，使句子简洁流畅，符合读后续写的语言风格 。 例题5 应用文写作（新高考真题） 题目 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom询问你暑假计划，请写一封邮件回复他。 ▶解题步骤 ① 构思内容并运用省略：如使用“During the summer vacation, I will first visit my grandparents in the countryside. And (I will) help them with the farm work. Besides, (I will) take part in a volunteer activity to teach children English.” ，通过省略重复的主语和助动词，使邮件表达简洁明了 。 ② 完成写作：结合其他内容，运用礼貌、清晰的语言完成邮件写作 。 例题6 长难句分析（新高考真题改编） 题目 The man, when working in the company, always got up early and went home late.（这个人，在公司工作时，总是早起晚归。） ▶解题步骤 ① 识别省略部分：这是时间状语从句的省略，省略了“he was”，完整形式为“The man, when he was working in the company, always got up early and went home late.” 。 ② 分析句子结构和含义：明确省略内容后，可清晰分析句子结构，理解句子表达“这个人在公司工作期间的作息情况”，从而把握长难句核心内容 。 四、练习题 ① 单项选择 —Do you think he will come to the party? —Im sure he will (come to the party), if ______. A. invited B. inviting C. he inviting D. he invite ② 阅读理解 Though young, she has a lot of teaching experience. What is the complete form of this sentence? ③ 完形填空 He wanted to buy a new bike but ______ (not have) enough money. A. don't have B. doesn't have C. didn't have D. hadn't had ④ 语法填空 The house (that/which) we live ______ is very old. ⑤ 读后续写 续写句子，要求运用省略手法。“He ran to the station, only to find the train had left. Then,...” ⑥ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Alice询问你周末活动，请写一封邮件回复她，文中需使用至少3处省略。 【答案】 ① 答案：A。这是条件状语从句的省略，完整形式为“if he is invited”，省略“he is”。 ② 答案：Though she is young, she has a lot of teaching experience. ③ 答案：C。根据“wanted”可知时态为一般过去时，“not have”的过去式为didn't have。 ④ 答案：in。定语从句中关系代词作宾语省略，但“live”是不及物动词，需加介词“in”，构成“live in the house” 。 ⑤ 答案示例：Then, (he) sat on the bench, disappointed and tired. (He) wondered what to do next. (He) took out his phone and called his friend for help.（通过省略主语“he”，使句子简洁连贯 ） ⑥ 答案示例： Dear Alice, I’m glad to tell you about my weekend. On Saturday morning, (I) did my homework first. Then, (I) went to the park with my parents and (we) had a great time there. On Sunday, (I) visited my grandparents and (I) helped my grandma cook lunch. (It) was really a wonderful weekend! What about yours? Best wishes, Li Hua 在这封邮件中，多处省略主语和其他重复部分，使邮件简洁自然，符合应用文写作要求 。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $