Unit5 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义围绕麦夸里岛生态保护这一核心主题，构建“速读整体理解文意、细读深度获取细节、读后语法填空巩固”的渐进式学习支架，系统梳理人类活动对岛屿生态的影响及恢复过程，衔接句子结构分析、重点词块积累等语言知识，形成从语篇理解到语言运用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以生态保护主题为载体，通过分层阅读任务（如速读主旨题、细读细节题）提升学生语言能力，结合语法填空和句子结构分析培养思维品质，融入“世界遗产地”“生态保护”等主题词块强化文化意识中的社会责任感。课中助力教师实施分层教学，课后通过训练题（如应用文写作、完形填空）帮助学生巩固语言知识，查漏补缺，提升综合语言运用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Macquarie Island’s tragic story. B．What people’s intervention on the island was. C．How Macquarie Island was saved from destruction. D．Strong winds and stormy seas around the Macquarie Island. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its wild and natural beauty. B．The green grass and bare rock of its landscape on Macquarie Island form its beauty. C．Royal penguins，king penguins and elephant seals live in perfect harmony now. D．The writer is standing on Macquarie Island enjoying its wild and natural beauty. 答案　B 2．What is mentioned in the passage? A．When humans arrived on the island，they hunted the birds on the island. B．So many rats and mice were brought to the island on purpose. C．Rats and mice have been taking over the island，eating the birds’ eggs so far. D．Cats were introduced to the island to control the rats and mice. 答案　D 3．What was the cause of soil erosion on the island according to the passage? A．Rabbits were introduced to the island，multiplying rapidly and digging holes. B．Parakeets，native to the island，died out because of human activities. C．The increasing number of cats led to more cats hunting the birds. D．Rats and mice multiplied rapidly and dug holes without cats. 答案　A 4．Which method to remove the rabbits from the island was used effectively in the 1970s? A．A large number of dogs were released. B．A large number of birds were released. C．A virus was released onto the island. D．A large number of cats were released. 答案　C 5．What caused some land to collapse at the beginning of the 21st century? A．The departure of the cats from the island. B．The increasing population of mice and rats. C．The digging of the rabbits. D．The death of a number of penguins. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Macquarie Island was a beautiful place 1.where its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed 2.in harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.However，in 1810，humans 3.arrived(arrive) on the island with rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island，eating birds’ eggs and 4.attacking(attack) baby birds.Cats 5.were brought(bring) to control the rats and mice，but they also liked eating birds.Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to the island but the exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for cats，meaning that the number of cats also increased 6.rapidly(rapid)．This in turn led to more cats hunting birds.The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died 7.out in 1891. A virus 8.released(release) onto the island caused the rabbit population to decrease，but the cats，without enough rabbits to eat，killed native birds for food.Although all the cats on the island had been caught by 2000，rats and mice exploded once again.Besides，the rabbits’ 9.digging(dig) caused some land to collapse and killed many penguins. A programme was started to tackle this problem.This 10.intervention(intervene) is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically(dramatic)，giving it a wild and natural beauty.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为简单句。giving it a wild and natural beauty是现在分词短语作结果状语。 汉语翻译：绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。 2．No visitor would think it surprising(surprise) that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其实。 3．It’s a tragic(tragedy) story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.(P66 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。其中that引导定语从句，修饰名词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。 汉语翻译：悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。 4．Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly(rapid) and began eating the native vegetation and digging(dig) holes，which caused soil erosion.(P67 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语；破折号后解释的是what rabbits do best的内容；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 汉语翻译：由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——它们飞快地繁殖，开始吃当地植被并挖洞，这造成了土壤侵蚀。 5．The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891.(P67 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。that引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。 6．Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.(P67 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为简单句。it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits...作目的状语。 汉语翻译：专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。 7．It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.(P68 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；turn out意思是“结果是”。 汉语翻译：结果是它们对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。 8．This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving/to be solved(solve) once and for all.(P68 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句；once and for all意思是“永久地，彻底地”。 汉语翻译：这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要彻底解决。 9．The next step is to remove(move) the last remaining invading species，and that’s where I come in—with my dogs.(P68 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为and连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中的where引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 否定词置于句首的部分倒装 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.(P66 Para.1) 他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 结构分析：本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句。其中how引导宾语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————当含有否定意义的词或短语(如never，hardly，seldom，little，few，not until，not，not only，no sooner，no longer，nowhere，by no means，at no time，on no account，in no case，under no circumstances等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)无论发生什么，我们决不应该放弃我们的希望。 Whatever happens，in no case should we give up our hope. (2)我们刚到车站，天就开始下大雨了。 Hardly had we arrived at the station when it began to pour. (3)我从未见过哪件事使她如此沮丧。 Never have I seen an incident that made her so disheartened. (4)直到最近，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展旅游活动。 Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist activities in the rural districts. while引导状语从句 But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away，the mice will play.”(P68 Para.5) 但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————while作连词时，除了引导时间状语从句，还有以下用法： ·while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。 ·while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 ·while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。 He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to music. (2)俗话说，“有生命就有希望”。 As the saying goes，“While there is life，there is hope.” (3)尽管我发现解决这个问题很困难，但我仍将竭尽全力解决它。 While I find it difficult to tackle the problem，I will try my best to work it out. (4)参观本次展览时，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且会学到很多东西。 While (we are) visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot. 课文重点词块默写 1．世界遗产地 World Heritage Site 2．与……和睦相处，与……协调一致 in harmony with 3．占领；接管(公司)；取代；占上风 take over 4．对……产生兴趣 develop an appetite for 5．被引进 be introduced to 6．土壤侵蚀，水土流失 soil erosion 7．……的数量 the number of 8．反过来 in turn 9．导致，带来 lead to 10．灭绝，绝种 die out 11．自然保护区 nature reserve 12．不受控制；失去控制 out of control 13．想出，提出(计划、想法等) come up with 14．心中有了这个目标 with this goal in mind 15．结果，因此 in consequence 16．随着……的离开 with the departure of 17．原来是；结果是；证明是 turn out 18．再一次 once again 19．大量 a substantial number of 20．彻底地；最终地 once and for all 21．参加 participate in 22．把……归功于 owe...to 23．在恢复的路上 on the road to recovery 训练3　Understanding ideas(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作——介绍家乡湿地生态)(共15分) 1．得知你对我家乡的湿地生态有兴趣，我非常高兴地告诉你一些相关信息。(have an appetite for) Learning that you have an appetite for the wetland ecology in my hometown，I am more than delighted to tell you some relevant information. 2．随着湿地面积的减少，湿地保护越来越受到重视。(decrease) With the decrease of the wetland area，wetland conservation has gained more and more attention. 3．政府已经采取了许多措施，结果证明很成功。(turn out) Many measures have been taken by the government，which turns out to be a success. 4．由于当地人的努力，一个湿地公园已经在河边建成，附近有森林。(owing to) Owing to the efforts of local people，a wetland park has been built alongside the river，with forests nearby. 5．如果你来了，你不会失望，也不会错过一次有意义的经历。(nor引起的倒装句) If you come，you will not be disappointed；nor will you fail to have a rewarding experience. 【组句成篇】　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Dear Lucy， Learning that you have an appetite for the wetland ecology in my hometown，I am more than delighted to tell you some relevant information. With the decrease of the wetland area，wetland conservation has gained more and more attention.For example，many measures have been taken by the government，which turns out to be a success.Owing to the efforts of local people，a wetland park has been built alongside the river，with forests nearby. I believe if you come to visit the wetland park，you will not be disappointed；nor will you fail to have a rewarding experience. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats.As part of the world’s ecosystems，wildlife provides balance and stability to nature’s processes.Wildlife conservation is aimed to ensure the survival of these species and educate people on living sustainably with other species. The number of people has grown to more than eight billion today，and it continues to rapidly grow.The economic growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world，particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development，or used for food or other human purposes.This threat is at top of the list and means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet.The introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world is another threat to wildlife.Other threats include climate change，pollution，fishing and hunting. International organizations like the World Wildlife Fund，Conservation International，Wildlife Conservation Society and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation on many different fronts.They work with the government to establish and protect public lands，like national parks and wildlife protection areas.They help write legislation(法规)，such as the Endangered Species Act(ESA)of 1973 in the United States，to protect various species.They work with law enforcement to charge those with wildlife crimes.They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers，like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola，are working to slow the extinction of global species and protect global biodiversity and habitats.Environmental filmmakers and photographers，like Thomas P．Peschak，are essential to conservation efforts as well，documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了野生动植物保护的重要性和措施。 1．Which is a goal of wildlife conservation according to the text? A．To stop introducing invasive species. B．To encourage harmonious coexistence. C．To control the number of world people. D．To increase the use of natural resources. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句“Wildlife conservation is aimed to ensure the survival of these species and educate people on living sustainably with other species.”可知，野生动植物保护旨在确保动植物的生存，让人类与其他物种和谐共处。故选B。 2．What is the biggest threat to wildlife? A．Hunting. B．Human activity. C．Pollution. D．Climate change. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，人类活动消耗着自然资源，是野生动植物的最大威胁。故选B。 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The activities of protection areas. B．The importance of biodiversity promotion. C．The relevant efforts of international organizations. D．The great impact of wildlife crimes on ecosystems. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中“International organizations like the World Wildlife Fund...work to support global animal and habitat conservation on many different fronts.”可知，第三段介绍了一些国际组织在保护野生动植物方面做出的努力。故选C。 4．What does the author want to present in the last paragraph? A．The necessity of legislation. B．The wildlife conservation’s achievements. C．The individuals’ contributions to the environment. D．The statistics about the wildlife conservation efforts. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“National Geographic Explorers，like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola，are working to slow...Environmental filmmakers and photographers，like Thomas P．Peschak，are essential to conservation efforts as well，documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.”可知，作者在最后一段通过几个例子向我们呈现了个人对环境做出的贡献。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) The first time ever I realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet was during a road trip in Western Australia. We 1 at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries and the lady at the counter told us they didn’t sell any shopping bags in order to prevent plastic in the 2 and to help preserve the endangered turtles living in that area.After a first reaction of surprise，we 3 all our shopping in our arms and left. This was just one of the many experiences I’ve lived that made me more 4 about my impact and pushed me to adopt different habits to live and 5 more sustainably. Our trip to Borneo was another life-changing 6 that has strengthened my resolution to a zero-waste lifestyle.While traveling in some countries，we came to know that 7 drinking water was always a challenge.So we had to travel with our water bottle，and we 8 to avoid using plastic during our trip. Besides，we were also 9 impressed by our stay on Libaran Island.A sustainable turtle conservation 10 and the community had made big efforts to 11 the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years.Despite that，the shore is 12 daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides. Facing this global issue 13 raised in me a feeling of sadness and anger that soon turned into 14 ： to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life.Small changes can 15 a difference! 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过旅行的亲身经历，意识到了塑料对环境的危害，并决定尽自己所能减少生活中对塑料的使用。 1．A.stayed B．visited C．worked D．stopped 答案　D 解析　根据下文“at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries”可知，此处指作者他们在超市停下买杂货。故选D。 2．A.land B．ocean C．district D．supermarket 答案　B 解析　根据下文“to help preserve the endangered turtles living in that area”可知，女士不卖塑料袋是为了防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。上文“along the Coral Bay coast”也是提示。故选B。 3．A.threw B．picked C．dropped D．carried 答案　D 解析　根据下文“all our shopping in our arms”可知，因为没有塑料袋，他们只能把买的东西抱在怀里。故选D。 4．A.sure B．proud C．conscious D．comfortable 答案　C 解析　根据下文“about my impact”可知，经历得多了，作者从这些经历中开始认识到自己行为的影响。故选C。 5．A.travel B．deliver C．remove D．play 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Our trip to Borneo”和“our stay on Libaran Island”可知，下文列举的都是作者旅行时的经历。故选A。 6．A.adversity B．campaign C．experience D．expedition 答案　C 解析　呼应上文“This was just one of the many experiences”，此处指另一次改变人生的经历。故选C。 7．A.free B．cheap C．valuable D．safe 答案　D 解析　根据下文“we had to travel with our water bottle”可知，作者他们带着水瓶旅行，说明是意识到安全的饮用水一直是一个挑战。故选D。 8．A.failed B．managed C．hesitated D．happened 答案　B 解析　根据下文“to avoid using plastic during our trip”可知，作者他们设法避免在旅行中使用塑料，manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”。故选B。 9．A.frequently B．precisely C．deeply D．firmly 答案　C 解析　根据下文“impressed by our stay on Libaran Island”可知，在里巴兰岛的逗留也给作者他们留下了深刻的印象。故选C。 10．A.action B．project C．discipline D．protection 答案　B 解析　根据上文“A sustainable turtle conservation”可知，此处指海龟保护项目。故选B。 11．A.dry up B．give off C．clean up D．shave off 答案　C 解析　根据下文“the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years”可知，社区为保护环境、清理海滩做出了很大的努力，故选C。 12．A.washed B．proved C．rushed D．injured 答案　A 解析　根据下文“daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides”可知，此处指海岸每天都被潮汐带来的大量的塑料冲刷着。故选A。 13．A.on purpose B．on behalf C．in particular D．in person 答案　D 解析　根据下文“raised in me a feeling of sadness and anger”以及上文作者的亲身经历可知，此处指作者亲身面对这个全球性的问题，故选D。 14．A.confusion B．determination C．frustration D．satisfaction 答案　B 解析　根据下文“to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life”可知，作者决心尽自己所能减少生活中对塑料的使用。故选B。 15．A.make B．have C．achieve D．find 答案　A 解析　结合上文可知，作者呼吁大家减少生活中对塑料的使用，结合下文“a difference”可知此处为短语make a difference，意为“有影响，产生作用”。故选A。 训练4　Understanding ideas(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A I grew up in the Great Lakes State，and for many years now，during my annual summer visit back to Michigan，I’m always happy about what I don’t see.I don’t see crowds of Californians rushing into lovely lakeside towns like Petoskey or Glen Arbor.I don’t see hundreds of New Yorkers playing in Lake Michigan or coming down the steep white sands of Sleeping Bear Dunes. No offense to the masses on both coasts，but I’ve always been glad the original charms of northwest Michigan felt like my secret—or at least a secret held by a smaller group of people，largely from the Midwest. Lately，however，I’ve been thinking about the downside of being out of sight and out of mind. Most people seldom think about Lakes Michigan，Huron，Superior，Erie，and Ontario.Many can’t even name all five.But they should care about them because，as Tim Folger writes in a cover story，the Great Lakes are “arguably the continent’s most precious resource，unmeasurably more valuable than oil，gas，or coal”． Together the lakes hold more than 20 percent of the surface fresh water on Earth and 84 percent of the surface fresh water in North America.Almost 40 million Americans and Canadians “drink from the lakes，fish on them，transport goods over them，farm on their shores，and work in cities that wouldn’t exist without them”，Folger writes. And yet we abuse them terribly: polluting them，introducing invasive species，allowing fertilizer runoff(径流) to create algal blooms(藻花)large enough that they can be seen from space.Climate change means the lakes don’t freeze as much as they used to，and severe storms have become more frequent. So read Folger’s story.Appreciate the beauty of the landscape in the amazing photos by Keith Ladzinski.Become an advocate to protect our Great Lakes. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对人们滥用五大湖感到烦恼，因此呼吁人们应当成为保护五大湖的倡导者。 1．What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 & 2? A．The Great Lakes State is crowded. B．The writer likes the warm atmosphere. C．Fewer visitors are favourable there in summer. D．The writer hopes to play about Lake Michigan. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“I’m always happy about what I don’t see.I don’t see crowds of Californians rushing into...I don’t see hundreds of New Yorkers playing in Lake Michigan...”及第二段的“I’ve always been glad the original charms...the Midwest.”可推知，游客少对那里是有利的。故选C。 2．What does Tim Folger think of the Great Lakes? A．They are as important as oil. B．They are infinitely superior to oil，gas or coal. C．They are the most important resource in the world. D．All Americans and Canadians depend on them to live. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“as Tim Folger writes in a cover story，the Great Lakes are ‘arguably the continent’s most precious resource，unmeasurably more valuable than oil，gas，or coal’”可知，Tim Folger认为五大湖比石油、天然气或煤炭更重要。故选B。 3．Which of the following is the current situation of the Great Lakes? A．People don’t treat them well. B．Algal blooms are invisible from space. C．They don’t freeze at all because of climate change. D．The lakes hold 20 percent of the surface fresh water on Earth. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And yet we abuse them terribly: polluting them，introducing invasive species，allowing fertilizer runoff(径流) to create algal blooms(藻花) large enough that they can be seen from space.”可知，人们没有善待五大湖。故选A。 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To recommend Folger’s book. B．To tell people how to save the continent. C．To attract more visitors to the Great Lakes. D．To call on people to save the Great Lakes. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据全文尤其最后一段末句“Become an advocate to protect our Great Lakes.”可知，本文的主要目的是号召人们保护五大湖。故选D。 B It’s sometimes a challenge for scientists to explain clearly just how widely certain ecosystems in some certain areas around the world are being threatened.There’s nothing fuzzy about the term “extinction vortex(旋涡)”，however.That’s what one of the world’s most important forests—Brazil’s Atlantic Forest—is now being called.Since colonization(殖民地化) in the 16th century，the forest has been reduced from over 1.1 million square kilometers to 0.143 million square kilometers.Now a new judgement of the variety of creatures in this place has reached some equally shocking results.More than half of the subtropical forest’s local mammal(哺乳动物) species have been wiped out. “These habitats are now often severely incomplete，limited to not enough large forest remains，and trapped in an open-ended extinction vortex.This has never been recorded in both history and prehistory and can be directly the result of human activity，” said Carlos Peres，a biologist. The study found that top meat-eating animals，like jaguars and pumas，were the most destructed.But when you’re talking about this great ecological destruction，everything takes a hit. Researchers compared large and medium-sized mammals in the forest from the past 30 years.Basic records came from those taken when the area was first colonized by Europeans in the 16th century.This was a place that left European naturalists in surprise when it was first discovered，with its greenness and with the amount of creature diversity. The health of the forest’s mammals is seen as an important sign because mammals are most helpful in helping plants spread their seeds，and also in controlling animal populations. “The mammal diversity of the once grand Atlantic Forest has been largely reduced to a pale shadow of its former self，” said Peres. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述巴西的大西洋森林大大减少，成为“灭绝旋涡”。 5．What does the underlined word “fuzzy” in the first paragraph mean? A．Valuable. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Impossible. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句以及画线词所在句中的“however”表转折可知，虽然科学家很难清楚地解释世界上某些地区的某些生态系统受到威胁的程度，但“灭绝旋涡”这个词并没有什么模糊之处，fuzzy意为“不清楚的，模糊的”，故选B。 6．Why is the Brazil’s Atlantic Forest called “extinction vortex”？ A．Because it is ever colonized by Europeans. B．Because it is home to large forest mammals. C．Because it is continually being destroyed. D．Because it is reduced to a small forest in area. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since colonization(殖民地化) in the 16th century，the forest has been reduced from...to...More than half of the subtropical forest’s local mammal(哺乳动物) species have been wiped out.”和第二段中“These habitats are now often severely incomplete，limited to not enough large forest remains，and...”可知，巴西的大西洋森林被称为“灭绝旋涡”是因为它正在不断地被破坏，故选C。 7．How did researchers study the Brazil’s Atlantic Forest? A．By measuring the area of the forest. B．By surveying the plant diversity. C．By counting the creatures in the forest. D．By judging the recordings of mammals. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers compared large and medium-sized mammals in the forest from the past 30 years.Basic records came from those taken when the area was first colonized by Europeans in the 16th century.”可知，研究人员通过评估有关哺乳动物的记录来研究巴西的大西洋森林，故选D。 8．What is the main idea of the text? A．The decrease in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. B．The future of the forest’s mammals. C．The variety of creatures in forests. D．The ecosystems around the world. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述巴西的大西洋森林大大减少，成为“灭绝旋涡”，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) While traveling in a group makes a journey fun，it can come with challenges.Unlike solo travel，you will probably have less control over the itinerary(旅程) when you travel in a group. 1 No matter who’s in your group，you can have a life-changing journey together.Here are some tips for making group travel as smooth as possible. 2 If you’re in charge of planning the itinerary，avoid arranging too many activities in one day and set aside time for relaxation.For example，one day，you might book an adventurous trip，like hiking to ancient ruins，and plan to relax on the beach the next day.This way，you can avoid stress and keep the group energized. Be open to new experiences.If someone in your group suggests trying something you never considered before，whether it is sampling frog porridge in Singapore or riding an all-terrain vehicle(全地形车) in Mexico，be open to the new idea. 3 Stay in touch.Ensure everyone in your group has a way to communicate with each other. 4 You might exchange phone numbers，set up a group text or print a list of contact information. Be patient. 5 For example，you may have to wait for someone in the morning before setting out or stick around a souvenir shop until a friend finishes browsing.Before you begin your trip，set realistic expectations and get into a flexible mindset.If you can go with the flow during your group trip，you will be more likely to have a relaxing experience. A．Vote on activities. B．Create a balanced itinerary. C．Thus，you might discover something new about yourself. D．It’s OK to skip a group activity if you need some time alone. E．Besides，you may be around people with different preferences. F．If someone gets lost or the group breaks up，it’s easy to reconnect. G．Traveling in a group means some activities will take longer than if you did them alone. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能使跟团旅行更为顺利的建议。 1．答案　E 解析　根据空后“No matter who’s in your group，you can have a life-changing journey together.”可推测出，空处和团队的人有关。选项E既和上文内容保持一致，说明了你在跟团旅行时会遇到的一些问题，同时引出下文，即便你和周围的人有不同的喜好，你们也可以一起经历一段难忘的旅程。故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据下文“If you’re in charge of planning the itinerary，avoid arranging too many activities in one day and set aside time for relaxation.”可知，在计划行程安排时，要注意保持平衡，不要在一天内安排太多的活动，要留出时间放松。故选B。 3．答案　C 解析　根据上文“If someone in your group suggests trying something you never considered before...be open to the new idea.”可知，上文主要讲述的是要接受新的体验。空处应是上文内容的自然延续。故选C。 4．答案　F 解析　根据空前“Ensure everyone in your group has a way to communicate with each other.”可知，上文讲述团队之间的每个人都要有相互联系的方式。空处应是上文内容的自然延续，并引出下文。故选F。 5．答案　G 解析　根据下文“For example，you may have to wait for someone in the morning before setting out or stick around a souvenir shop until a friend finishes browsing.”可知，跟团旅行时有时候不得不多花些时间做某些事。空处应与下文内容一致，下文内容是对空处的举例。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $