Unit 2 Sports culture 培优提能练(二)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

训练7　培优提能练(二)　[分值：80.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A One of the most touching stories of Olympic triumph(成就)—one you might never have heard before—is that of weightlifting champion Oscar Figueroa.Over the course of his athletic career，the 41-year-old has had the chance to compete in the Olympic Games four different times.But with those competitions came plenty of heartbreak and disappointment，before he finally got his victory. In the 2004 Olympic Games，Figueroa’s first appearance，he had a less-than-perfect performance but was still able to swing a fifth-place finish.He looked forward to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as a way to redeem himself.Unfortunately，just two weeks before the big event，he ended up with a hand injury.This injury set him back severely in his weightlifting and ended up costing him the competition. By the London Olympic Games in 2012，Figueroa came back readier than ever.He had an incredible run that year and took home the silver medal.But in spite of all he’d already experienced，he still aimed higher.In 2016，he headed to Rio to earn the highest prize—and claim that prize he did! After his final lift，knowing just how incredible his performance had been，Figueroa fell to the ground in tears.In a few moments，he took off his shoes and put them on the stage，symbolizing his decision to finally retire from his time as an Olympian.Amazingly enough，he took home the gold that year! No matter how hard he fell，he never gave up，serving as a powerful example of hope，perseverance，and determination.Now，he can officially say he is the first Colombian man to have ever taken home the gold in his category.“I was so low in Beijing，and I am so high here，” he told IWF at the 2016 Olympics.“It’s 22 years since I started and now is the time to retire...But I am full of emotion—it’s as though I was lifting for the whole country，and those tears were for all of Colombia.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了哥伦比亚举重运动员Oscar Figueroa在经历四届奥运会之后最终获得金牌的故事。 1．Which can replace the underlined word “redeem” in paragraph 2? A．Forgive. B．Thank. C．Prove. D．Abandon. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“In the 2004 Olympic Games，Figueroa’s first appearance，he had a less-than-perfect performance but was still able to swing a fifth-place finish.”可知，Figueroa在2004年奥运会上的表现并不完美。所以画线词所在句“He looked forward to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as a way to redeem himself.”是说他期待着2008年北京奥运会来证明自己。故选C。 2．When did Figueroa win the gold medal? A．In 2004. B．In 2016. C．In 2008. D．In 2012. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2016，he headed to Rio to earn the highest prize—and claim that prize he did！”可知，Figueroa于2016年获得金牌。故选B。 3．Why did Figueroa take off his shoes in the Rio Olympic Games? A．He had no intention of retiring. B．He was determined to retire as an Olympian. C．The broken shoes forced him to retire. D．He had to retire due to his injured foot. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a few moments，he took off his shoes and put them on the stage，symbolizing his decision to finally retire from his time as an Olympian.”可知，Figueroa在里约奥运会上脱下鞋子是因为他决心以奥运选手的身份退役。故选B。 4．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Sports. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。本文主要讲述了哥伦比亚举重运动员Oscar Figueroa在经历四届奥运会之后最终获得金牌的故事。所以本文最有可能出现在报纸的体育版面。故选D。 B At the end of many sports tournaments and spelling bees，all the contestants are honored for their effort.But in a world where not everyone can be a winner，does getting a consolation(安慰) prize actually increase a child’s self-worth? “When toddlers，preschoolers，and kindergartners compete，they don’t know the expectations adults have for them，” says Emily Pagone，an Illinois-based psychologist and parenting coach.“Offering them a prize or medal as a form of positive reinforcement(正强化) can highlight the skills that the losers displayed and reinforce the sportsmanship that all the players displayed.” But what really makes a participation award worthwhile is the conversation that comes with it.“As the caregivers around the children acknowledge their abilities，talents，and strengths，that’s the compass for how children learn about the expectations of the situation，” Pagone says.Pointing out what kids do well can also build their self-confidence. Still，there is one problem with this system: It creates a feedback loop of external motivation，driven by superficial bonus and praise.However，it’s valuable for students to play soccer not only because they’re seeking tokens to decorate their rooms，but also because they enjoy the sport.They won’t always get prizes for doing their best，so it’s crucial to build an inner desire to push through in challenging times. For this reason，Pagone recommends transitioning away from participation awards around kindergarten or first grade.But not all experts agree that’s best.“Positive reinforcement can also benefit older kids and adults，keeping them coming back to their hobby even after a tough practice or season，” says Kelly LaPorte，clinical director of Naperville Counseling Center in Illinois.“That lesson of celebrating the effort and not just the outcome remains important throughout a person’s life.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。体育竞技比赛中，常常会颁发“参与奖”，这不仅是一种安慰的手段，还能帮助孩子了解环境的期望和建立孩子的自信心。 5．Why is a participation award important in Emily Pagone’s opinion? A．It satisfies parents’ high expectations. B．It highlights the importance of fairness. C．It relieves peer pressure in competition. D．It recognizes all the contestants’ efforts. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末尾句“Offering them a prize or medal as a form of positive reinforcement(正强化) can highlight the skills that the losers displayed and reinforce the sportsmanship that all the players displayed.” 可知，作为一种积极的强化形式，给予幼年参赛者奖励可以突出失败者所展示的技能，并强化所有玩家所展示的体育精神。故选D。 6．Which of the following are caregivers suggested to do? A．Provide opportunities to draw a lesson. B．Give their children heartfelt appreciation. C．Show problem-solving talents and abilities. D．Encourage their kids with material rewards. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，真正让参与奖有价值的是随之而来的和孩子的对话。当照顾者承认孩子的能力、天赋和优势时，既给孩子指明了期望，还可以建立他们的自信。因此要由衷地欣赏孩子，故选B。 7．What is Kelly LaPorte’s attitude toward positive reinforcement? A．Critical. B．Unconcerned. C．Favorable. D．Objective. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据文章末段中“Positive reinforcement can also benefit older kids and adults...That lesson of celebrating the effort and not just the outcome remains important throughout a person’s life.”可知，积极的强化可以使年龄较大的孩子和成年人受益。同时，庆祝努力本身而不仅仅是关注结果，也是一个人的一生中重要的课题。故Kelly LaPorte对正向强化的态度是支持的，故选C。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Should Participation Awards Exist? B．What Is a Positive Reinforcement? C．Strategies to Build Inner Motivation D．Why We Need Mutual Conversation 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据整篇文章的内容和结构可知，开篇提出论点“安慰奖是否能提高孩子的自我价值感？”，随后展示了研究学家Emily Pagone的观点——承认孩子整个过程所表现出的努力是一种有效的正向强化。接着又提出了反对的意见。最后文章以Kelly LaPorte的观点结束。因此“是否应该有参与奖”作文章标题最佳，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Science shows that stretching(拉伸) is essential after exercise.Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscle.What’s more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress. 1 You could feel sick.You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time.While it’s great to get that blood flowing，it’s just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over. 2 As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast.Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode. Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore.When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid(乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore.When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid.One thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid? 3 Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. 4 Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired quicker and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury.Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints. 5 Sticking to stretching exercise after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. A．You’ll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：Stretching. C．You’ll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don’t stretch after exercise. G．That’s why people often feel pain in their “weight bearing” joints like knees and hips. 1．答案　F 解析　空前讲锻炼之后做拉伸运动的好处，由后文各段首句可知，下文讲的是不做拉伸运动的不良后果。该空承上启下，为本文的中心句，F选项符合题意，引出下文。故选F。 2．答案　E 解析　根据上文“it’s just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”可知，锻炼结束后，让心率恢复到正常水平同样重要，下文说明了这样做的原因。E选项“这也就是健身界所说的‘冷身运动’”承接上文，选项中的This指代上文让心率恢复正常这一过程。故选E。 3．答案　B 解析　根据上句“One thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？”可知，设空处需要一个答案。根据下文内容“Stretching helps you distribute...”可知，B选项就是对问句的回答。故选B。 4．答案　A 解析　根据文章结构可知，设空处为本段的主旨句。结合后文“Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.”可知本段主要讲述受伤的风险。A选项是不做拉伸运动的不良后果且符合本段内容，选项中的“risk of injury”和后文的injury risk对应。故选A。 5．答案　G 解析　根据上句“Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints.”可知，活动范围的缩减也会导致关节供血和营养物质减少。G选项“这就是为什么人们经常在膝盖和臀部等‘负重’关节感到疼痛”承接上文，并引出下文坚持拉伸运动的建议。故选G。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) I started working at the University of Leeds two years ago. 1 that the Business Confucius Institute was offering Chinese evening classes on the university campus，I decided to 2 a beginner class. My first class took place in January 2023.My Chinese teacher，Mr Kong，was highly 3 and engaging.Each class he would teach us many new words and 4 ，and then get us to act them out in role plays 5 basic Chinese introductions and conversations，as if he would never get tired. After each lesson I felt as though my 6 had been placed in a deep fat fryer(锅) for a long period of time.Despite these initial 7 ，I made progress gradually.I began to realize that the more my brain 8 immediately after class，the more information I had 9 .Between weekly classes my mind would reorder and make sense of the chaos(混乱)．I found that Chinese phrases or nursery rhymes we had 10 would pop into my head at 11 moments，such as when in the shower or on the way to work. I found Chinese 12 —at least at beginner level—is significantly simpler than English，which has complicated grammatical rules.However，reading and writing to a decent standard 13 the memorization of some 3,000 characters.It is a real 14 enemy for the moment but I am determined to 15 him one day. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者上商务孔子学院提供的汉语夜校的经历以及学习汉语的体会。 1．A.Picturing B．Suspecting C．Noticing D．Wondering 答案　 C 解析　根据下文中的“I decided to a beginner class”可知，作者应是“注意到”商务孔子学院在大学校园里开设了汉语夜校。故选C。 2．A.take charge of B．sign up for C．take into account D．settle down in 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“My first class took place in January 2023.”可知，作者“报名参加”了初级课程。故选B。 3．A.energetic B．optimistic C．excellent D．intelligent 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“as if he would never get tired”可知，好像他从不觉得累，由此可知，他是“精力充沛的”。故选A。 4．A.rules B．novels C．histories D．phrases 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“he would teach us many new words”可知，此处是教学内容，结合and可知，此处应为“短语”，与“单词”并列。故选D。 5．A.reciting B．practising C．creating D．reading 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“and then get us to act them out in role plays”可知，此处应为“练习”基本的中文介绍和对话。故选B。 6．A.heart B．soul C．body D．brain 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“I began to realize that the more my brain immediately after class”可推知，此处指感觉“大脑”被放入一口深油锅。故选D。 7．A.successes B．achievements C．challenges D．surprises 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的Despite可知，此空与下文内容为转折关系，结合下文中的“I made progress gradually”可知，作者逐渐取得了进步，所以，此空处应是最初有些“挑战”。故选C。 8．A.mattered B．ached C．rose D．flew 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“Between weekly classes my mind would reorder and make sense of the chaos(混乱)．”可知，作者在课程期间会整理脑海中的混乱，所以此处指的是大脑“疼痛”。故选B。 9．A.absorbed B．forgotten C．predicted D．occupied 答案　A 解析　根据语境和上文中的“I made progress gradually”可知，作者取得了一些进步，由此可知，之后作者意识到，自己头越疼，“吸收”的信息会越多。故选A。 10．A.regretted B．intended C．covered D．pretended 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“Chinese phrases or nursery rhymes”以及下文中的“would pop into my head”可知，中文的短语或童谣会在不经意间出现在作者的脑海里，由此可知，此处指的是作者“学过”的中文短语或歌谣，cover有“翻唱”的意思，在此可引申为 “学过”。故选C。 11．A.unexpected B．precious C．rare D．intentional 答案　A 解析　根据后文“such as when in the shower or on the way to work”可知，在“意想不到的”时刻符合语境。故选A。 12．A.character B．pronunciation C．dictation D．grammar 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“simpler than English，which has complicated grammatical rules”可知，此处用汉语的“语法”与英语的语法进行比较。故选D。 13．A.assesses B．ignores C．involves D．concludes 答案　C 解析　根据空后的“the memorization of some 3,000 characters”可知，之所以说汉语难，是因为要达到标准的读写水平“需要”记忆大约3 000个汉字。故选C。 14．A.merciful B．tough C．risky D．mature 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“the memorization of some 3,000 characters”可知，要记忆3 000个汉字，这应是一个“艰巨的”任务，也就是一个“难以对付的”敌人。故选B。 15．A.guarantee B．appreciate C．overcome D．conquer 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“enemy for the moment”可知，作者把记忆3 000个汉字看成是一个难以对付的敌人，所以此处应为“征服”他。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE.1. ，they died out around the year 393.It was in 1896，in Athens 2. the modern Olympic Games were first held.A Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin 3. dream was that the Olympics would make it possible for people to live side by side in peace brought the Olympics back to life.Since then,4. (motivate) by the Olympic motto “Faster，Higher，Stronger”，thousands of 5. (high) trained and talented athletes 6. (devote) themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement，such as Muhammad Ali，Michael Jordan and Jessica Ennis-Hill. Chinese athletes have also made important 7. (contribution) to the Olympics.At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games，China returned to the Olympics after 32 years’ 8.____________(absent) and Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal.At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games，Liu Xiang became the first Asian 9. (win) the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.In 2008，in addition to hosting the Olympic for the first time，China also ranked first in the medal table.The year 2022 was another historic moment for China，as Beijing won 10. election to host the Winter Olympics. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥林匹克运动会的发展史及中国在奥运会上取得的成就。 1．答案　However/Nevertheless 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，根据空前和空后句意可推断，空处前后文为转折关系，故空格处应用“However/Nevertheless”，意为“然而”，表示转折关系，副词词性，句首单词首字母大写。故填However/Nevertheless。 2．答案　that 解析　考查强调句。分析句子可知，该句是强调句型，句式为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”，被强调部分是状语，故空格处填that。故填that。 3．答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“Pierre de Coubertin”，指人，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词“whose”引导从句。故填whose。 4．答案　motivated 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句子主语“athletes”与“motivate”之间为被动关系，故空格处应用“motivate”的过去分词“motivated”，在句中作状语。故填motivated。 5．答案　highly 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，句中“trained”为形容词，意为“训练过的，受训的”，应用副词修饰，“high”意为“高的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“highly”，意为“高度地，高标准地”。故填highly。 6．答案　have devoted 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意和句中“Since then”可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，应用现在完成时，“athletes”为可数名词复数形式，故填have devoted。 7．答案　contributions 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，“important”为形容词，后接名词，“contribution”意为“贡献”，为可数名词，中国运动员为奥运会做出了不止一项贡献，故空格处应用“contributions”。故填contributions。 8．答案　absence 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，“years’”为名词所有格形式，后接名词，在句中作介词“after”的宾语，“absent”对应的名词为“absence”，意为“缺席”，为不可数名词。故填absence。 9．答案　to win 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“became”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Asian”前有序数词“the first”修饰，故应用不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 10．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，“election”意为“选举，选举权”，名词词性，根据句中“to host the Winter Olympics”可知，句中特指冬奥会的主办权，故空格处应用定冠词“the”修饰，表示特指。故填the。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(共6小题；每小题3分，共18分) Tom’s love for soccer ran deep，and he played the game with a passion that was infectious(有感染力的) to everyone around him.But there was one thing that upset him—his worn-out soccer shoes.These shoes had been passed down to him by his older brother，and they were falling apart.With his birthday drawing near，Tom secretly wished for a new pair of soccer shoes to lift his spirits so that he could have a good performance in the game.However，he was well aware of his parents’ constant struggles to make ends meet and knew that such a wish might remain a dream forever. One sunny afternoon，Tom and his best friend，David，were at school，watching an exciting soccer match.The exciting run and shout，the determination on the athletes’ faces，and their fine equipment were enough to make anyone’s heart race.It was at this moment that Tom said about his biggest birthday wish.He took a long deep breath and said，“How I wish I could have a new pair of soccer shoes for my birthday，but I know it’s impossible.” David，sitting beside him，couldn’t help but overhear Tom’s words.The idea of helping his best friend achieve this long-held dream began to form in his mind.After school，David ran home and couldn’t wait to share the idea with his mother. “Mom，I really want to do this for Tom.He’s been playing with those old shoes for so long.It would mean the world to him，” David explained seriously. His mother smiled warmly，proud of her son’s compassion(同情) .“David，it’s a wonderful idea.It’s not just about the gift；it’s about the thought and effort you’re putting into making Tom’s day special.” As David thought about how to earn the money，his mother suggested，“You know，David，there are various ways you can earn some extra money to save for the soccer shoes.Many of our neighbors are looking for someone to help with lawn mowing (修剪草坪) and other services.Some even need help with newspaper delivery.You can offer your services and earn money that way.” 范文补全 David’s eyes lit up as he realized the potential.“You’re right，Mom! I can mow the lawn and 1.do other jobs for the neighbors to save up the money(给邻居们做其他工作来攒钱)．It’s a great idea！” David took his mother’s advice to heart and decided to use his weekends productively.He offered lawn-mowing services，and even took on a newspaper delivery job.2.With each task completed(每完成一项任务)，he was one step closer to achieving his goal of buying the soccer shoes for Tom.The thought 3.that he was close to making Tom’s wish come true(他马上就要实现Tom的愿望) filled him with enthusiasm. The day of Tom’s birthday finally arrived，and David couldn’t wait to surprise his best friend.4.At school，David presented the gift to Tom(在学校，David把礼物给了Tom)．“Happy birthday，Tom，” he said with a wide smile.Tom，surprised and curious，eagerly tore open the wrapping paper.5.His eyes widened with astonishment when he saw the pair of new soccer shoes(当他看到那双新球鞋的时候他的眼睛惊讶地瞪得很大)．Overwhelmed with gratitude，Tom said，“David，you did this for me? I can’t believe it! Thank you so much！” 6.Tears of joy welled up in his eyes and he hugged his best friend(喜悦的泪水涌上了他的双眼，他拥抱了他最好的朋友)．And David was very happy that he finally made his friend’s dream come true. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $