Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

本讲义围绕“Xie Lei在伦敦的生活与学习”核心主题，构建“速读-细读-读后”三阶学习支架。速读环节通过大意与篇章结构题培养整体理解能力，细读部分聚焦细节获取与推理，读后设置语法填空、句子结构分析及重点词块默写，形成从输入到输出的完整知识链。 资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与文化意识培养。语法填空训练时态、非谓语等语言知识，句子结构分析深化复合句理解，提升语言运用能力；阅读理解题如“寄宿家庭帮助适应文化”渗透跨文化意识，分层训练助力课中高效教学，课后通过词块默写与语法练习巩固知识，弥补薄弱环节。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the whole passage? A．Xie Lei’s study habits abroad. B．Xie Lei’s life and study in London. C．Xie Lei’s university and her tutors. D．Xie Lei’s living conditions in a host family. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 What’s the structure of the passage? 答案　A Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What is the meaning of the word “boarded” in the first sentence of paragraph 1? A．Got on. B．Provided. C．Lived. D．Took meals. 答案　A 2．Why did Xie Lei choose the exchange programme? A．To learn global business and improve English. B．To travel and experience a different culture. C．To study for a business qualification. D．To set up a business of her own. 答案　A 3．Living with the host families can give students . A．opportunities to go around the new country B．opportunities to learn the culture in the new country C．opportunities to get business qualifications D．opportunities to pass preparation courses 答案　B 4．What do we know about Xie Lei’s study in London? A．She hates writing essays. B．She learns slowly. C．She lacks confidence. D．She adapts quickly. 答案　D 5．Where is the article probably taken from? A．The Internet. B．A guidebook. C．A newspaper. D．A novel. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Six months ago，Xie Lei boarded a plane for London to complete an exchange programme.She recalled that she 1.chose(choose) the year-long exchange programme with the 2.ambition(ambitious) to set up a business in China after graduation.It was the first time that she 3.had left(leave) her motherland.When she came to England，she lived with a host family,4.who always helped her.At first，she had to get used to 5.living(live) in a new country and learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things she didn’t know the English names for.Besides，she also had to face another challenge of the academic requirements.When writing an essay，she 6.was told(tell) by the tutor to acknowledge 7.what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but he wanted to know her own opinions.She also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.8.Luckily(lucky)，after a few weeks，she could speak up in class on traditional Chinese art successfully.And she feels much more at home in 9.the UK now.What seemed very strange before now appears quite normal to her.Now she has been involved in social 10.activities(activity) as well as studying hard! Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn(learn) about global business and improve my English. (P14 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。 2．My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation(graduate). (P14 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句，to set up...是不定式短语作表语。 汉语翻译：我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。 3．I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. (P14 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句。and连接两个并列的“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作learn的宾语；其中I...names for为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词things。 汉语翻译：我得学会使用公共交通，学会要我不知道英文名称的东西。 4．When I got lost，I had to ask passers-by(passer-by) for help，but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with. (P14 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是并列复合句。but连接两个存在转折关系的并列句，其中When I got lost为时间状语从句；I’m not familiar with为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词words。 汉语翻译：迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。 5．Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live (live) with a host family，who can help with her adaptation(adapt) to the new culture. (P14 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；who...new culture为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a host family。 汉语翻译：虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，这有助于她适应异国文化。 6．When there’s something I don’t know or understand，I can ask them(they). (P14 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句，When引导时间状语从句，其中I ...understand为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。 汉语翻译：当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以咨询他们。 7．Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how to cook(cook) it，too.(P14 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是so连接的表示因果关系的并列句，she always feels hungry为省略了that的宾语从句，when she smells it为时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：劳拉说每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我也教她做这道菜。 8．Xie Lei was confused(confuse) because she thought she knew less than other people. (P14 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句，because引导原因状语从句，she knew...other people为省略了that的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。 9．Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation(participate) in class as part of the final result. (P15 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。many ...final result为省略了that的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。 10．At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking(speak) up in class after just a few weeks. (P15 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是由but连接的并列复合句，其中what she should say为同位语从句；what surprised her为主语从句；that she...weeks为表语从句。 汉语翻译：刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但使她惊奇的是，没过几周，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 11．My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success，which boosted my confidence(confident). (P15 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句。 汉语翻译：我的中国传统艺术展示非常成功，提升了我的自信心。 12．What seemed strange before now appears(appear) quite normal to her. (P15 Para.7) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句，What...before是what引导的主语从句。主句是主系表结构。 汉语翻译：以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常了。 13．British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn(learn) more about it，so I’m keen to share my culture with them. (P15 Para.7) 结构分析：此句是由so连接的并列句。 汉语翻译：英国人对我们的文化十分着迷，渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也乐于同他们分享。 14．While I’m learning about business，I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us. (P15 Para.7) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。While引导时间状语从句，building a bridge between us为动词-ing短语作后置定语。 汉语翻译：我攻读商科的同时也是一个文化使者，在中外文化之间架起了一座桥梁。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 It/This/That＋was＋the first/the second/...time (that) sb＋过去完成时 It was the first time that she had left China. (P14 Para.1)这是她第一次离开中国。 结构分析：此句含有句型。It was the first time that...意为“这是第一次做某事”。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•“It/This/That＋was/is＋the first/the second/... time (that) sb＋过去完成时/现在完成时”表示“这/那是某人第一/第二/……次……”。 •It is/was (about/high) time that sb should do sth/did sth 意为“到了某人做某事的时候了”，should不能省略。相当于It is/was time (for sb) to do sth。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)这是我第一次独立解决如此严重的问题。 This is the first time that I have handled such a severe problem independently. (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)老实说，这是我第一次参加写作比赛，因此，我感到如坐针毡。 Honestly speaking，it was the first time that I had taken part in the writing contest and as a consequence，I felt like sitting on pins and needles. (3)(话题写作之环境保护)的确到了政府采取有效措施保护环境的时候了。 It is high time for the government to take effective measures/It is high time that the government took/should take effective measures to protect the environment. the first time引导时间状语从句 The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！(P14 Para. 5) 第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！ 结构分析：此句是并列复合句。其中The first time that...essay为时间状语，but连接两个that引导的宾语从句，if ...ideas为条件状语从句，what ...had said和what she thought都是宾语从句，分别作acknowledge和know的宾语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————the first time可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，而for the first time表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。与the first time有类似用法的词汇还有：each/every time，next time，the last time，any time等。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)第一次面对这么多无家可归的人，我紧张得心跳加速。 The first time I faced so many homeless people，so nervous was I that my heart was beating wildly. (2)(话题写作之人物介绍)每次我陷入困难时，我的导师都会温柔地安慰我。我清晰地记得，上次我的物理考试不及格时，他给了我一些合理的建议。 Every time I am stuck in difficulties，my tutor will comfort me gently.I clearly recall that the last time I failed in the physics examination，he offered me some reasonable proposals. (3)下次你来北京时，我会领你参观所有的著名景点，如长城和故宫。 Next time you visit Beijing，I will show you around all the famous tourist attractions，such as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. 课文重点词块默写 1．与……告别 say goodbye to 2．上飞机 board a plane 3．参加为期一年的交流项目 on a year-long exchange programme 4．了解 learn about 5．提高某人的英语 improve one’s English 6．创办一家公司 set up a business 7．毕业后 after graduation 8．适应生活 adapt to life 9．习惯全新的生活 get used to a whole new life 10．向路人寻求帮助 ask passers-by for help 11．选择做某事 choose to do sth 12．和寄宿家庭住在一起 live with a host family 13．热衷于做某事 be keen to do sth 14．轮流做某事 take turns to do sth 15．形成自己的明智意见 form a wise opinion of one’s own 16．形成观点 generate ideas 17．提出问题 raise questions 18．提高某人的信心 boost one’s confidence 19．舒服自在，不拘束 feel at home 20．参加社交活动 be involved in social activities 21．被……吸引 be fascinated by 22．渴望做某事 be eager to do sth 23．和某人分享某物 share sth with sb 24．充当；担当 act as 25．祝某人一切顺利 wish sb all the best 训练3　Reading and Thinking(A) (分值：40分) Ⅰ.完成句子(话题写作之留学)(满分15分) 1．当杰克具有在中国留学的资格时，他既非常兴奋又有点紧张。 When Jack has qualifications to study/for studying in China，he is quite excited but a bit nervous. 2．毕竟，这是他第一次独自离开家。 After all，it is the first time that he has left home alone. 3．一方面，他不知道如何在外国适应全新的生活。 On the one hand，he doesn’t know how to adapt (himself) to the completely new life in a foreign country. 4．另一方面，他可以在中国参与各种各样的社交活动。 On the other hand，he has a chance to participate in various social activities in China. 5．在他看来，每次有提高自己能力的机会时，他都不会错过。 As far as he knows，each time/every time he has a good opportunity to enhance/improve/boost his ability，he will not miss it. 组句成篇以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分) As my plane landed in Pamplona，Spain，I couldn’t help thinking，“I’m crazy about going abroad and taking classes in Spanish.” My biggest fear was whether I would be able to communicate with Spanish speakers，and how I would be able to adapt to a culture that is different in so many ways from American culture. I had attended classes in Spanish and talked with native students for over a month but now it got better.When I first started，it was easy to get frustrated when I didn’t understand parts of what my professor was saying，or to feel embarrassed when I had to ask someone to repeat themselves many times.However，people often politely corrected me when I made a mistake，and also offered support and words of encouragement.Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation has made the frustration dissolve.And it helped me reach my biggest piece of advice to anyone facing the same fear: to force yourself to speak as much as possible. Another challenge I faced was culture shock when I arrived in Spain.As someone used to stores always being open in Seattle，I’ve had to get used to most stores being closed during afternoon hours and on Sundays.Plans are made much more slowly，and usually at the last minute，which for someone who values organization and certainty as much as I do，was difficult to get used to.The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views.I’ve grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude that there is more to life than work.Family and friends are important as well，and having so much time off allows life outside work to be enjoyed. Living abroad is always frightening，especially when the language and culture are completely foreign.There will always be challenges，frustrations，and problems.However，learning to deal with them and appreciate the journey has been one of the most valuable things I’ve learned while abroad. 1．What can be learned about the author before she began her life in Spain? A．She was well-prepared. B．She was concerned about her life there. C．She really looked forward to the new culture. D．She had worked very hard at learning Spanish. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“My biggest fear was whether I would be able to...different in so many ways from American culture.”可知，在作者开始在西班牙的生活之前她担心她在那里的生活。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “dissolve” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Build up. B．Grow again. C．Disappear slowly. D．Display clearly. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation”可推知，注意到自己通过提高对话能力而取得的进步使作者的挫败感逐渐消失了，画线词dissolve的意思是“逐渐消失”。故选C。 3．What did the author do to deal with the culture shock? A．She tried hard to make friends. B．She lived the way the locals did. C．She made plans in advance carefully. D．She turned her attention to her study. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views.I’ve grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude...allows life outside work to be enjoyed.”可知，作者通过欣赏当地人的生活态度、入乡随俗来应对文化冲击，故选B。 4．What does the author’s story show? A．Culture shock can be too hard to go through. B．Living abroad isn’t as good as people think. C．Living abroad can be challenging but it is worth doing. D．Today’s people should learn to accept different cultures. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Living abroad is always frightening”和“However，learning to deal with them and appreciate the journey has been one of the most valuable things I’ve learned while abroad.”可知，作者的故事说明了在国外生活很有挑战性，但值得一试。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2024·湖北宜都高二期中) Gulnara Tolmacheva is from Russia，who has always wanted to be a tutor.She has 1 and realized her dream in Karamay，a Chinese city in Xinjiang.Now，she lives in Xinjiang and 2 Russian in a local university. 3 having interest in the Chinese culture during her childhood，Tolmacheva didn’t 4 China until 2009.She was especially surprised at the way people of different ethnic groups were getting along in Xinjiang. 5 by the energetic and culturally 6 city，she chose to study Chinese in Urumqi in 2013.Tolmacheva and her family 7 to Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer there.Little did she know about the city 8 ，but now she considers Karamay as her second 9 .“The friendship and 10 of my students and colleagues made me feel at home，” she 11 .She added that her work was going well，and her son was healthy and happy. Tolmacheva was 12 by the kindness and warmth of those around her，and she decided to work even harder to motivate her students.“The 13 environment is very important.So I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and organize short plays during courses，” she said.Having realized her dream of learning Chinese in Xinjiang，Tolmacheva is now 14 about finishing her doctoral degree and is planning to write some Russian textbooks.She does have a great 15 for her job. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自俄罗斯的Gulnara Tolmacheva一直想成为一名老师，她在新疆的克拉玛依定居下来并实现了自己的梦想。 1．A.fallen behind B．blown up C．kept away D．settled down 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“she lives in Xinjiang”可知，她在克拉玛依定居下来。故选D。 2．A.masters B．quits C．teaches D．learns 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“wanted to be a tutor”和“realized her dream”可知，她在一所大学教俄语。故选C。 3．A.In case of B．In spite of C．In terms of D．In place of 答案　B 解析　句中的 “having interest in the Chinese culture during her childhood”和“Tolmacheva didn’t China until 2009”之间是让步关系。故选B。 4．A.visit B．choose C．expect D．admire 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“She was especially surprised at the way people of different ethnic groups were getting along in Xinjiang.”可知，她2009年才来到中国。故选A。 5．A.Impressed B．Confused C．Frightened D．Annoyed 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“she chose to study Chinese in Urumqi”可知，她对乌鲁木齐印象深刻，所以才在这里学习汉语。故选A。 6．A.single B．minor C．false D．diverse 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“people of different ethnic groups”可知，新疆有不同的民族群体，所以有多元的文化。故选D。 7．A.attended B．contributed C．moved D．objected 答案　C 解析　根据空后的“to Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer there”可知，她在克拉玛依得到了一份工作，于是和家人一起搬到了这里。故选C。 8．A.gratefully B．currently C．gradually D．previously 答案　D 解析　根据句中的“but now”可知，这里是说她以前对这座城市了解不多。故选D。 9．A.destination B．hometown C．barrier D．entrance 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“Tolmacheva and her family to Karamay”可知，她搬到了克拉玛依，在这里安定下来，所以这里是她除了俄罗斯之外的第二故乡。故选B。 10．A.promotion B．company C．absence D．criticism 答案　B 解析　根据空前的“The friendship and”和空后的“of my students and colleagues made me feel at home”可知，这里与and前的friendship并列，表达的意义在情感上相承，同事和学生的陪伴让她感觉像在家一样。故选B。 11．A.recalled B．promised C．recommended D．apologized 答案　A 解析　根据前面她说的内容可知，这些是她的回忆。故选A。 12．A.limited B．discouraged C．touched D．recognized 答案　C 解析　根据空后的“by the kindness and warmth of those around her”可知，周围人的善良和温暖让她感动不已。故选C。 13．A.language B．family C．career D．accommodation 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“So I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and organize short plays during courses”可知，她努力在课堂上教学生们俄语歌曲并编排短剧，这些都能为学生创造一个学习俄语的良好语言环境。故选A。 14．A.modest B．enthusiastic C．particular D．sensitive 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“about finishing her doctoral degree”可知，她想要取得博士学位，对这件事充满热情。故选B。 15．A.pity B．advantage C．return D．affection 答案　D 解析　根据空后的“for her job”并结合上文她努力教学生们学好俄语并计划写一些俄语教材可知，她非常喜欢自己的工作。affection for意为“对……的喜爱”。故选D。 训练4　Reading and Thinking(B) (分值：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·广东深圳高二联考) Many international students studying abroad in America have several supposed ideas about American culture.After visiting the country，many international students showed the culture shock they received in America.Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across. It’s surprising to note that kids，the youth and adults refer to each other with their first names.This is a very uncommon sight.Many international students might find it surprising and take time to adjust to this tradition. Another culture shock is that，in America，there could be only one or two classes a day.Usually，they’re conducted in the afternoon or in the evening.This means the students get enough time to sleep late，wake up around noon and have time for different chores(琐事)．Besides，having convenience in the schedule of classes，students also enjoy long hours of breaks. Among the many culture shocks in America，multiple languages are quite common there.Many international students would move to America，believing that the only language is English.However，that’s not the case.The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish，French，German，Chinese and others. So if you’re comfortable with any of the above-mentioned languages，you might get surprises. Many international students are used to using kilograms，metres，litres，degrees centigrade as the units of weight，length，volume，temperature.But they might be confused to see a different metric system in America.There，pounds，feet and Fahrenheit are usually used as units for measurements.This system is quite puzzling to comprehend at the beginning for many international students. Many international students might find various culture shocks in America depending on the background they come from.Thus，they may need a long time to adjust themselves to the unfamiliar environment. 1．What may make international students surprised at school? A．Adults are often referred to with their titles. B．The number of classes is fewer than expected. C．Kids refer to adults with their family names. D．Students can freely do different chores in class. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another culture shock is that，in America，there could be only one or two classes a day.”可知，在美国的学校，令许多国际学生震惊的是一天只有一到两节课，即课程数比预计的要少。故选B。 2．Why do international students care little about language barriers in America? A．English there is easy to understand. B．All of them can speak English fluently. C．There are several other official languages. D．They may be able to use their native languages there. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish，French，German，Chinese and others.So if you’re comfortable with any of the above-mentioned languages，you might get surprises.”可知，美国的居民通常说着不同的语言，由此推知，外国留学生可以使用自己的母语与当地人进行交流，因此不太在意语言障碍。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 5? A．Systems. 　 B．Units. C．International students. 　 D．Americans. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第五段中的“Many international students are used to using...units of weight，length，volume，temperature.”及下文提到的美国使用的计量单位体系对于国际学生来说很费解可知，they指代的是international students。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Multicultural Experiences Are Waiting for You B．International Students Are Welcome to America C．Culture Shocks International Students May Experience in America D．Reasons Why There Are a Large Number of Culture Shocks in America 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读文章尤其根据第一段中的“Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across.”可知，本文主要介绍了国际学生在美国可能经历的文化冲击，所以C项能概括文章大意，适合作文章的标题。故选C。 B Wind power is a powerful tool for reducing carbon emissions that cause climate change.The turbines(涡轮机)，however，can be a threat to birds，which is why experts are looking for ways to prevent the danger. A company in Boulder，Colorado has produced a camera-and-AI-based technology that can recognize eagles and other birds as they approach in enough time to shut off turbines in their flight paths.Their tool，called IdentiFlight，can detect 5.62 times more bird flights than human observers alone，with an accuracy rate of 94 percent.Using high-precision(高精度的) visual sensors，the system calculates a bird’s speed and flight path，and if it is on a crash path with a turbine，a signal is sent to shut that turbine down. Winning an award for its performance in Australia，the tracking system was set up in 2018 and was found to cut eagle deaths at the Cattle Hill Wind Farm by more than four-fifths.Each day signals have shut down their movements an average of 400 times—across the field of 48 turbines—for 2 to 3 minutes each time. Across the globe，Duke Energy in Wyoming is employing the same technology with impressive results at its Top of the World Windpower Project，which was the first wind site to use the technology.In 2014，IdentiFlight’s maker，Boulder Imaging，used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines，which left Duke Energy in violation(违反) of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.47 units made of eight wide-angle cameras now constantly pass cross the sky to monitor all 110 turbines. Bird lover Garry George admits，“Our own science shows that climate change is by far the biggest threat to birds and the places wildlife need to survive.IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we love in the process.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种基于摄像头和人工智能的技术，它可以识别老鹰和其他鸟类，以减少风力发电的涡轮机对它们造成的威胁。 5．What can IdentiFlight do? A．Stop the turbines when birds are spotted. B．Prevent birds from choosing a crash path. C．Identify potential threats to wind turbines. D．Let the turbines make full use of wind power. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using high-precision(高精度的) visual sensors，the system calculates a bird’s speed and flight path，and if it is on a crash path with a turbine，a signal is sent to shut that turbine down.”可知，IdentiFlight能够在发现鸟时，停止涡轮机的运作。故选A。 6．What does the data in paragraph 3 show about IdentiFlight? A．It is widely used. B．It received a warm welcome. C．It is very effective. D．It has a really long service life. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，通过这些具体的数据，人们可以看到IdentiFlight系统非常有效地减少了涡轮机对鸟类的威胁和伤害。故选C。 7．Why did Duke Energy work with Boulder Imaging in 2014? A．It broke the relevant law on bird protection. B．It responded to the call of Boulder Imaging. C．It intended to improve its wide-angle cameras. D．It followed in the Cattle Hill Wind Farm’s footsteps. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“In 2014，IdentiFlight’s maker，Boulder Imaging，used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines，which left Duke Energy in violation(违反) of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.”可知，Duke Energy之所以在2014年和Boulder Imaging合作，是因为Duke Energy的风电场的涡轮机造成了鹰类死亡，这违反了《候鸟条约法》。故选A。 8．What is Garry George’s attitude to IdentiFlight? A．Reserved. B．Approving. C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段Garry George所说的“IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we love in the process.”可知，他对IdentiFlight是赞成的。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Why Is Eating Colourful Food Good for You? Most of us are faced with the same choice numerous times a day: what to eat.Along with price，accessibility and preference，we’ll often use a food’s healthfulness to help us make a decision. 1 It’s widely accepted by researchers that we need a varied diet. 2 The proof may be in the Mediterranean diet，which contains a lot of fruit，vegetables and healthy fats such as extra virgin olive oil，and is frequently rated the healthiest diet by scientists. Eating lots of colours may lower your risk of missing out on all vital nutrients.“If we’re missing a colour of the rainbow，we may be missing a function of that food，” says Minich.This is because plant foods contain thousands of natural compounds，which have anti-infiammatory(抗炎的) benefits. 3 Blue and purple foods，including blueberries，have a high content of the plant anthocyanin(花青素)，which has been linked to lowering the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.Flavones(黄酮)，which gives foods a yellow colour，may reduce the risk of heart disease. A research fellow at Harvard T．H.Chan School of Public Health says eating a colourful diet can also help people avoid possible side effects of eating too much of one food.“ 4 For example，research has found that orange juice is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline，but too much intake is associated with type 2 diabetes，” she says.Although，this is because of its sugar content，not flavones. Eating a rainbow diet may also be complex. 5 We could tie ourselves in knots.We also need to eat from other food groups to get all the nutrients we need，such as protein. A．Food is very complex. B．A varied diet is packed with different vegetables. C．It could be really tricky to get every colour every day. D．But how do we know we’re getting enough nutrients? E．Different coloured foods come with different benefits. F．However，is colour the best guide to getting all the nutrients? G．And one way to do this is by eating all the colours of the rainbow. 1．答案　D 解析　根据上文内容可知，接下来作者要介绍如何选择食物。选项D“但是，我们如何知道我们获取了足够的营养呢？”和上文意思一致。故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　根据上文“It’s widely accepted by researchers that we need a varied diet.”可知，这一段主要讲我们需要丰富多元的饮食。选项G“这么做的一个方法是通过吃彩虹颜色的食物”和上文意思一致。G项中的this指代上文中的a varied diet，而空后的proof也照应了G项提出的方案。故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Blue and purple foods...Flavones(黄酮)，which give foods a yellow colour，may reduce the risk of heart disease.”可知，本段列举了蓝色、紫色和黄色食物如何对人体有益的例子，故本段的主题句应该陈述不同颜色的食物对人体有不同的好处。选项E和下文意思一致。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　根据下文“For example，research has found that orange juice is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline，but too much intake is associated with type 2 diabetes”可知，研究发现，橙汁可以降低认知能力下降的风险，但是摄入太多会导致二型糖尿病。这说明我们不能用一个标准来衡量食物。选项A和下文意思一致。故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　根据上文“Eating a rainbow diet may also be complex.”和下文“We also need to eat from other food groups to get all the nutrients we need，such as protein.”可知，每天吃遍每一种颜色的食物也是很难办到的，而且要摄取其他食物中的营养。选项C和上下文意思一致。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $