Unit4 语法清单及专项练习-2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Grammar Focus 知识清单 Grammar Focus 形容词、副词的最高级 一、概念 在英语中，大多数形容词和副词有三个等级，原级即原形，比较级，表示“较... ...”或“更... ...一些”；最高级，表示“最... ...”; 本单元我们学习形容词的最高级。用于三者 或三者以上的人事物的比较。 【课堂回顾】 The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo. She is the second tallest girl in our class. 二、用法 1. 形容词的最高级，用于三者 或三者以上的人事物的比较。 2. 常用 in+ 范围 短语来说明比较的范围； 3. 形容词最高级前要加定冠词 the , 副词最高级前the 有时可省略； 4. 表示“最...的...之一”的短语为： one of the most + 形容词原形+名词复数 ；该结构作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 形式。 5. 形容词最高级前加 序数词 ，表示 “第几... ...”; 加 程度副词 表示程度。如:much, by far. 6. 常应用于which 引导的选择疑问句中，如：Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey or the tree frog. 二、变化规则 1. 形容词/副词比较级的规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级+er 最高级+ est 单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er tall long shy hard loud few taller longer _shyer___ __harder__ __louder__ _fewer__ tallest longest shyest hardest loudest fewest 以字母 e 结尾的词，在词尾加 -r late large _later__ __large___ latest largest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er big thin fat slim _bigger__ _thinner_ __fatter__ _slimmer__ biggest thinnest fattest slimmest 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 “y” 改为 “i”，再加 -er early lazy funny easy __earlier__ __lazier_ _funnier__ __easier__ earliest laziest funniest easiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加 more outgoing beautiful interesting comfortable serious hard-working quickly slowly patient clearly 加 more~ 加 the most~ 2. 形容词/副词比较级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/ well better best many / much more most far farther (较远) further (进一步) farthest furthest bad/ ill worse worst little less least old older (年纪较大的) elder (较年长的，adj) oldest eldest Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Grammar Focus 语法专练 一、根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 1. A little bird l ands on the window every morning. 2. My mom grows red r oses in our small garden. 3. The butterfly’s colorful w ings shine in the sun. 4. I saw a small green f rog near the pond yesterday. 5. This small apple w eights about 100 grams. 6. Every spring, many b utterflies fly around the flowers. 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The giraffe has the ​ longest ​(long)​neck of all animals. 2. An ant is one of the ​ strongest ​(strong) animals for its size. 3. A rabbit runs ​faster ​(fast) than a dog, but the cheetah is the ​fastest ​(fast) runner of all the animals. 4. This redwood tree is the ​ highest ​(high) one in the forest. 5. The pumpkin is one of the ​heaviest ​ (heavy) fruits in our garden. 三、语法填空 The Ginkgo Tree: A Living Fossil​​ The ginkgo tree is one of the most ancient (ancient) trees on Earth. It is much older (old) than many other types of trees we see today. Because it has lived for so long, it is often called a "living fossil."（活化石） The ginkgo tree is not only ancient but also very beautiful ​(beautiful). In autumn, its fan-shaped leaves turn a bright golden yellow. This makes it even more beautiful ​(beautiful) than many other autumn trees. A street with ginkgo trees in fall looks ​ the most beautiful ​(beautiful) of all. This tree is also very popular around the world. It is more common (common) in cities now because it can survive air pollution better (good) than maples. People love it for its unique look and its history. The___best_ (good) thing about the ginkgo tree is that it is one of the ​strongest​ (strong) trees and can live for thousands of years. This makes it a good symbol of long life and hope. The ​ older (old) a ginkgo tree gets, the more special (special) it becomes. 四、阅读理解 Homing pigeons (家鸽)are special birds. They have a great ability to find their way home, even from far places. This makes them very useful to people.​ First, homing pigeons have strong bodies. Their wings are long and strong, so they can fly for many hours without stopping. They also have good eyesight. They can see things far away, which helps them find directions. Even when the sky is cloudy or windy, they still know where to go.​ Second, people have used homing pigeons for a long time. In the past, there were no phones or computers. People wrote messages on small pieces of paper, tied them to the pigeons’ legs, and sent the pigeons to carry the messages. During some difficult times, homing pigeons even helped send important news to save people.​ Today, we don’t use homing pigeons to send messages much. But they are still loved. Some people keep them as pets, and there are even races for homing pigeons. People admire their bravery（勇敢） and their amazing ability to find home. Homing pigeons are truly brave and helpful birds. 阅读文章后，完成下列问题。 ( B )1.Why can homing pigeons still find their way even when the weather is cloudy or windy? A. Because they can fly very fast. B. Because they have very good eyesight. C. Because they have a strong sense of smell. D. Because they follow other birds. （ C ）2. What is the main idea of the third paragraph ? A. How homing pigeons are raced today. B. The physical features of homing pigeons. C. How people used homing pigeons to carry messages in the past. D. Why homing pigeons make good pets. （ B ）3. In the passage, the word "admire" most nearly means to ________. A. be afraid of something B. respect and like something C. sell something D. feed an animal （ C ）4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to Train a Homing Pigeon B. A Bird's Eyesight C. The Helpful Messengers: Homing Pigeons D. The History of the Pigeons 五、阅读表达 Elephant birds were some of the most amazing birds ever. They lived on Madagascar, an island. These birds were much bigger than other birds—they couldn’t fly at all!​ They had strong legs to walk. Their eggs were the largest bird eggs in history, bigger than a football. Elephant birds were gentle animals; they ate only plants, fruits, and seeds from the island’s trees. Long ago, early people on Madagascar lived with these birds. They didn’t hurt the birds, but as time passed, more people came, and the birds’ homes got smaller. Later, sadly, the elephant birds disappeared （消失）forever. Today, we only see their bones and eggs in museums. They remind us of the big, special birds that once walked the earth. 回答下列问题。 1. Where did elephant birds live? On Madagascar, an island. 2. What is the most special thing about the elephant birds? Their eggs were the largest bird eggs in history, bigger than a football. 3. Why did the elephant birds disappeared? Because more people came, and the birds’ homes got smaller. 4. What does the elephant birds’ disappearance remind us ? 30 words. It reminds us that people should make rules to protect these animals. First,we must stop cutting trees and return the land to the animals. Then, we mustn’t pour waste water to the rivers. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Grammar Focus 知识清单 Grammar Focus 形容词、副词的最高级 一、概念 在英语中，大多数形容词和副词有三个等级，原级即原形，比较级，表示“较... ...”或“更... ...一些”；最高级，表示“最... ...”; 本单元我们学习形容词的最高级。用于三者 或三者以上的人事物的比较。 【课堂回顾】 The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo. She is the second tallest girl in our class. 二、用法 1. 形容词的最高级，用于三者 或三者以上的人事物的比较。 2. 常用 in+ 范围 短语来说明比较的范围； 3. 形容词最高级前要加定冠词 the , 副词最高级前the 有时可省略； 4. 表示“最...的...之一”的短语为： one of the most + 形容词原形+名词复数 ；该结构作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 形式。 5. 形容词最高级前加 序数词 ，表示 “第几... ...”; 加 程度副词 表示程度。如:much, by far. 6. 常应用于which 引导的选择疑问句中，如：Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey or the tree frog. 二、变化规则 1. 形容词/副词比较级的规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级+er 最高级+ est 单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er tall long shy hard loud few taller longer _shyer___ __harder__ __louder__ _fewer__ tallest longest shyest hardest loudest fewest 以字母 e 结尾的词，在词尾加 -r late large _later__ __large___ latest largest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er big thin fat slim _bigger__ _thinner_ __fatter__ _slimmer__ biggest thinnest fattest slimmest 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 “y” 改为 “i”，再加 -er early lazy funny easy __earlier__ __lazier_ _funnier__ __easier__ earliest laziest funniest easiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加 more outgoing beautiful interesting comfortable serious hard-working quickly slowly patient clearly 加 more~ 加 the most~ 2. 形容词/副词比较级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/ well better best many / much more most far farther (较远) further (进一步) farthest furthest bad/ ill worse worst little less least old older (年纪较大的) elder (较年长的，adj) oldest eldest Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Grammar Focus 语法专练 一、根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 1. A little bird l on the window every morning. 2. My mom grows red r in our small garden. 3. The butterfly’s colorful w shine in the sun. 4. I saw a small green f near the pond yesterday. 5. This small apple w about 100 grams. 6. Every spring, many b fly around the flowers. 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The giraffe has the ​ ​(long)​neck of all animals. 2. An ant is one of the ​ ​(strong) animals for its size. 3. A rabbit runs ​ ​(fast) than a dog, but the cheetah is the ​ ​(fast) runner of all the animals. 4. This redwood tree is the ​ ​(high) one in the forest. 5. The pumpkin is one of the ​ ​ (heavy) fruits in our garden. 三、语法填空 The Ginkgo Tree: A Living Fossil​​ The ginkgo tree is one of the (ancient) trees on Earth. It is much (old) than many other types of trees we see today. Because it has lived for so long, it is often called a "living fossil."（活化石） The ginkgo tree is not only ancient but also very ​(beautiful). In autumn, its fan-shaped leaves turn a bright golden yellow. This makes it even ​(beautiful) than many other autumn trees. A street with ginkgo trees in fall looks ​ ​(beautiful) of all. This tree is also very popular around the world. It is (common) in cities now because it can survive air pollution (good) than maples. People love it for its unique look and its history. The________ (good) thing about the ginkgo tree is that it is one of the ​ ​ (strong) trees and can live for thousands of years. This makes it a good symbol of long life and hope. The ​ (old) a ginkgo tree gets, the (special) it becomes. 四、阅读理解 Homing pigeons (家鸽)are special birds. They have a great ability to find their way home, even from far places. This makes them very useful to people.​ First, homing pigeons have strong bodies. Their wings are long and strong, so they can fly for many hours without stopping. They also have good eyesight. They can see things far away, which helps them find directions. Even when the sky is cloudy or windy, they still know where to go.​ Second, people have used homing pigeons for a long time. In the past, there were no phones or computers. People wrote messages on small pieces of paper, tied them to the pigeons’ legs, and sent the pigeons to carry the messages. During some difficult times, homing pigeons even helped send important news to save people.​ Today, we don’t use homing pigeons to send messages much. But they are still loved. Some people keep them as pets, and there are even races for homing pigeons. People admire their bravery（勇敢） and their amazing ability to find home. Homing pigeons are truly brave and helpful birds. 阅读文章后，完成下列问题。 ( )1.Why can homing pigeons still find their way even when the weather is cloudy or windy? A. Because they can fly very fast. B. Because they have very good eyesight. C. Because they have a strong sense of smell. D. Because they follow other birds. （ ）2. What is the main idea of the third paragraph ? A. How homing pigeons are raced today. B. The physical features of homing pigeons. C. How people used homing pigeons to carry messages in the past. D. Why homing pigeons make good pets. （ ）3. In the passage, the word "admire" most nearly means to ________. A. be afraid of something B. respect and like something C. sell something D. feed an animal （ ）4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to Train a Homing Pigeon. B. A Bird's Eyesight. C. The Helpful Messengers: Homing Pigeons. D. The History of the Pigeons. 五、阅读表达 Elephant birds were some of the most amazing birds ever. They lived on Madagascar, an island. These birds were much bigger than other birds—they couldn’t fly at all!​ They had strong legs to walk. Their eggs were the largest bird eggs in history, bigger than a football. Elephant birds were gentle animals; they ate only plants, fruits, and seeds from the island’s trees. Long ago, early people on Madagascar lived with these birds. They didn’t hurt the birds, but as time passed, more people came, and the birds’ homes got smaller. Later, sadly, the elephant birds disappeared （消失）forever. Today, we only see their bones and eggs in museums. They remind us of the big, special birds that once walked the earth. 回答下列问题。 1. Where did elephant birds live? 2. What is the most special thing about the elephant birds? 3. Why did the elephant birds disappeared? 4. What does the elephant birds’ disappearance remind us ? 30 words. It reminds us that people should make rules to protect these animals. First,we must stop cutting trees and return the land to the animals. Then, we mustn’t pour waste water to the rivers. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $