Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦虚拟语气的其他情况这一核心知识点，在学生已掌握if引导的虚拟条件句基础上，系统拓展含蓄条件句（without、but for等）、wish/if only/as if从句、名词性从句（如suggest后的从句、it is important that结构）、would rather从句及It is time that结构，构建从识别到应用的学习支架。 该资料以改编2022新课标Ⅰ读后续写短文导入，通过表格归纳不同虚拟结构用法与例句，结合单句语法填空、短文补全及综合训练题，助力学生提升语言能力。表格对比培养思维品质，分层练习强化学习能力，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition—Subjunctive mood (Ⅱ)：other cases 阅读下面的短文，画出文中的虚拟句。 (改编自2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) David sat down next to his teacher with his head down.He said，“If only I were as normal as others！I would rather I had not signed up for the race.”Then tears rolled down his cheeks.The teacher patted him on his back and comforted him，saying，“I believe you could make it but it is important that you should believe in yourself.”Hearing the teacher’s words，David felt as if hope had waved to him.He was thankful to his teacher，because without his teacher’s encouragement，he would not have courage to take part in the run.He moved up to the starting line and wished he would be the first to reach the finishing line. 答案　 1．If only I were as normal as others！I would rather I had not signed up for the race. 2．...it is important that you should believe in yourself. 3．...David felt as if hope had waved to him. 4．...without his teacher’s encouragement，he would not have courage to take part in the run. 5．...wished he would be the first to reach the finishing line. 除了if 引导的虚拟条件句以外，以下情况通常也需要使用虚拟语气： 一、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句中常见的词或短语有without，but for，otherwise，or 等，用法见表： 用法 例句 but for，without等介词(短语)表示条件 Without your help，we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，... 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 用otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气 I’m busy now，otherwise/or I would help you with your work. 我现在很忙，否则我会帮你干活的。 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况，结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 I should have given you more help，but I was too busy. 我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。 二、虚拟语气用在wish，if only，as if/though后的从句中 条件 从句谓语形式 例句 从句谓语动作与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) If only I were a flying bird！＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我多么希望我是一只会飞的小鸟啊！ 从句谓语动作与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 If only I had seen the film！＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！ 从句谓语动作与将来事实相反 would＋动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad. 他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去国外一样。 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1．句中含有以下动词或这些词派生出来的形容词、名词时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。常这样使用的动词有： He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 His suggestion was that we (should) start off early the next day. 他的建议是我们第二天早点出发。 It was suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 人们建议我们第二天早点出发。 [疑难点津] 当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。 2．would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I would rather they didn’t hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。 I would rather you hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。 3．某些“It is/was＋形容词/过去分词/名词＋that引导的主语从句”结构中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。常见的用于本句型的形容词、过去分词、名词有： 形容词 necessary，important，impossible，advisable，essential，urgent，strange等 过去分词 通常表示“提议、要求、命令”等，如suggested，required，requested，urged，demanded，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等 名词 pity，regret，shame，honour，surprise等 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们在今晚之前将一切都准备好。 It is important that we (should) keep our promise.重要的是我们应该信守诺言。 四、其他常见结构中的虚拟语气 1．表示“该做某事了”，其虚拟语气的结构为“It is (high/about) time that＋主语＋动词的过去式/should＋动词原形(should不能省略)”。 It is high time that we should take measures/took measures to protect our environment. 现在是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 2．表示“祝愿”时，常用“may＋主语＋动词原形＋其他”。 May our friendship last forever. 愿我们的友谊天长地久。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．—Congratulations! You made it! —Thank you! Without your help，I would have failed(fail)． 2．Luckily，we set out half an hour early.Otherwise，we would have missed(miss) the train. 3．I am really upset at the news.I would rather you had not told(not，tell) me about it. 4．If only she were(be) here right now. 5．Even if I knew(know) what to do，I wouldn’t let you know now. 6．Everybody looks at me as if I were(be) an alien. 7．It is important that everyone (should) obey(obey) school rules. 8．—Mrs Wang explained this theory in great detail yesterday. —I know.How I wish I had listened(listen) to her attentively in class! Ⅱ.完成句子 1．奇怪的是，他竟然未经主人的允许就拿走了这本书。 It is strange that he (should) take the book without the owner’s permission. 2．他强烈要求他们给出合理的解释。 He demanded that they (should) give a reasonable explanation. 3．她偷偷地擦去脸上的眼泪，好像她没有受到失败的影响。 She wiped the tears from her face secretly as if she hadn’t been affected by the failure. 4．为了提高你学习汉语的热情，建议你在学习策略上做一些改变。 To improve your passion for learning Chinese，it is recommended that some changes (should) be made in your learning strategies. Ⅲ.用虚拟语气补全下面的短文 My friend，Mary，treats me very well as if 1.she were my sister(好像她就是我的姐姐一样)．Last week I bought her a skirt as a birthday gift.But after she tried it on，she couldn’t help shouting，2.“If only I were a little thinner(要是我能再瘦一点就好了)! How I wish I hadn’t eaten so much！” Now I realize that 3.it is high time that I helped/should help her lose weight(到了我该帮助她减肥的时候了)．I suggest that 4.she (should) go to see the doctor(她应该去看医生)．The doctor advises that firstly 5.she (should) eat more vegetables and fruit(她应该多吃蔬菜和水果)．In addition,6.it is important that she (should) work out regularly(她定期锻炼是很重要的)．The doctor finally says that if she had done these earlier，7.she would not be so fat now(她现在就不会那么胖了)．I wish 8.I would see a “new” Mary soon(我会很快看到一个新的Mary)． 训练3　Grammar and composition (满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题；每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infections and they target bacteria，not viruses.Read on for answers to common questions about the use of antibiotics. 1．My child has a really bad cold.Why won’t the doctor prescribe an antibiotic? Colds are caused by viruses.Antibiotics are used specifically for infections caused by bacteria.In general，most common cold symptoms are mild and your child will get better without using any medicines. 2．Don’t some colds turn into bacterial infections？So why wait to start an antibiotic? In most cases，bacterial infections do not follow viral infections.Using antibiotics to treat viral infections may instead lead to an infection caused by resistant bacteria. 3．How long does it take an antibiotic to work? If your child’s symptoms do not improve within 72 hours，call the doctor.If your child stops taking the antibiotic too soon，the infection may not be treated completely and the symptoms may start again. 4．How can I use antibiotics safely? Antibiotics aren’t always the answer.Ask your child’s doctor what the best treatment is for your child. Make sure that you give the medicine exactly as directed. Don’t use one child’s antibiotic for his/her brother or sister；you may give the wrong medicine and cause harm. Throw away unused antibiotics.Do not save antibiotics for later use；some out-of-date medicines can actually be harmful.Call Poison Help at 1－800－222－1222 or check the US Food and Drug Administration Website for information on the safe disposal of medicines. 1．What can we learn about antibiotics from this passage? A．Your child should take antibiotics immediately when a cold is serious. B．Inappropriate use of antibiotics may result in bacteria becoming resistant. C．Once the symptoms improve，your child no longer needs to take antibiotics. D．Antibiotics can be shared among brothers and sisters，but not family friends. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二个问题后“Using antibiotics to treat viral infections may instead lead to an infection caused by resistant bacteria.”可知，使用抗生素治疗病毒感染可能会导致由耐药细菌引起的感染，即抗生素使用不当可能导致细菌产生抗药性。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “disposal” in the last paragraph mean? A．Removal. B．Use. C．Preservation. D．Supply. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词前两句可知，作者建议扔掉不用的抗生素，过期的药可能有害。结合选项可知，removal(清除)与画线单词意思接近。故选A。 3．What is this passage is most probably taken from? A．A science fiction book. B．An academic paper. C．A textbook about antibiotics. D．A medical website. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。根据文章第一段可知，本文回答了关于抗生素使用的几个常见问题，并非专业的学术研究，再结合选项可推知，本文可能出自一个医学网站，故选D。 B The cold，wet weather of winter often puts out any wildfires that are still burning，but not in the far North areas，such as Alaska，Canada，and other parts of North America.Some forest fires just don’t die in these places.Think of the fires as “zombies” (僵尸): Scientists do.When summers are warmer than normal，some fires can hide through the winter.They burn dead plant matter and soils under snow.In May 2021，scientists reported their work to a scientific journal.The scientists saw that zombie fires are rare but they could become more common as the world warms，the study warns. “Some years，new fires were starting very close to the previous year’s fire，” explains Rebecca Scholten.She studies Earth and environmental sciences at Vrije University Amsterdam in the Netherlands.The new fires made scientists wonder how often fires might survive the winter.The scientists started by combing through firefighter reports.Then they compared these with satellite images of Alaska and northern Canada.The scientists looked for fires that began close to fires from the year before.They also focused on blazes starting before the middle of summer.Random lightning or human actions spark most fires in the area，Scholten says.But those fires happen later in the year. Zombie fires accounted for less than 1 percent of the total area burned by fires from 2002 to 2018.But it changed from year to year.Take 2008 for example.A zombie fire burned Alaska that year.It caused almost one-third of fire damage that year.One clear pattern emerged: Zombie fires were more likely to happen after very warm summers.High temperatures may allow fires to reach more deeply into the soil.Such deep burns are more likely to survive to spring. The zombie fire threat could grow.The climate is warming.Forests in the far North already are warming faster.“We’re seeing more hot summers and more large fires and intense burning，” Scholten says.Plus，zombie fires could cause more issues.The fires release huge amounts of greenhouse gases.These trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth.Scholten’s research could help fire management.Firefighters would know to check for them after warm summers. 4．What may lead to zombie fires according to the passage? A．Wet weather. B．Hotter summers. C．Low temperatures. D．Cold winters. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Think of the fires as ‘zombies’(僵尸): Scientists do.When summers are warmer than normal，some fires can hide through the winter.”可知，更炎热的夏天可能会导致僵尸火。故选B。 5．What can we learn about zombie fires from paragraph 2? A．Where flames broke out provided the clue. B．Changing climate plays a role in the zombie fire threat. C．Zombie fires are less likely to happen after very warm summers. D．It is of little use comparing firefighter reports with satellite images. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Some years，new fires were starting very close to the previous year’s fire”和“The scientists looked for fires that began close to fires from the year before.”可推知，火灾发生的地点提供了僵尸火的线索。故选A。 6．What conclusion will be possibly made based on the last paragraph? A．It is important to understand zombie fires. B．Zombie fires are likely to be under control soon. C．Firefighters cannot do much to stop the zombie fires. D．We still have much to learn about the warming climate. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，僵尸火的概率在提升，且其危害很大，关于僵尸火的研究有助于火灾管控，由此可推知，根据最后一段可能得出的结论是了解僵尸火很重要。故选A。 7．Which of the following could be the suitable title of the passage? A．“Zombie” Wildfires Do Great Damage to Land B．“Zombie” Wildfires Release Greenhouse Gases C．“Zombie” Wildfires Sparked by Human Actions D．“Zombie” Wildfires Reappear After Wintering Underground 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Think of the fires as ‘zombies’(僵尸)．..through the winter.They burn dead plant matter and soils under snow.”可知，本文主要讲的是随着全球变暖，能够越冬的僵尸火可能会变得越来越普遍，因此最好的题目是D选项(“僵尸”野火在地下过冬后再次出现)。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·淮安高二下期末) The Yungang Grottoes in Datong，Shanxi Province,1. UNESCO World Heritage Site，have 45 major caves and more than 59,000 statues，with a grotto complex about 1 km long from east to west. 2． (current)，a giant 3D printing reproduction of Cave No.3 at the Yungang Grottoes is on display at the Yungang Grottoes Art Museum in Qingdao，east China’s Shandong Province.This is the first time in the world that 3D printing technology 3. (use) to reproduce such a large-scale cultural relic. The identical reproduction strictly matches the appearance and scale of the original.The copy of the cave 4. (measure) 17.9 meters tall by 13.6 meters wide，while the main statue stands at 9.93 meters tall. During the replication process,3D technicians first collected some 10,000 images of the cave and the statues to build up a digital model,5. was then divided into 842 parts to be printed with multiple 3D 6. (printer)．The final installation(安装) and coloring stages took the team three months 7. (complete)． The reproduction not only allows people to get much 8. (close) to the precious heritage items 9. damaging the original objects，but also helps to enhance the research，documentation，digitalization and preservation of the relics 10. (they)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青岛市的云冈石窟艺术馆正在展出山西大同云冈石窟第3窟的巨型3D打印复制品。 1．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。根据句意，这里泛指联合国教科文组织的一个世界遗产地，且UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．答案　Currently 解析　考查副词。这里应用副词作状语修饰整个句子，currently意为“目前”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Currently。 3．答案　has been used 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。This is the first time that...为固定句型，意为“这是第一次……”，从句应用现在完成时。根据句意，从句的主语为3D printing technology，单数，和动词use之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，且谓语应用单数形式。故填has been used。 4．答案　measures 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。主语为The copy of the cave，表示单数，measure在此处是系动词，表示“(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为”，且此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语应用单数形式。故填measures。 5．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a digital model，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。 6．答案　printers 解析　考查名词的数。printer“打印机”为可数名词，根据空前的multiple可知，这里应用名词复数。故填printers。 7．答案　to complete 解析　考查不定式。sth takes/took sb some time to do sth为固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。逻辑主语the team和complete之间是主谓关系，所以应用不定式的一般式。故填to complete。 8．答案　closer 解析　考查比较级。根据空前much和句意可知，空处应用比较级，表示“更加接近珍贵的文物”。故填closer。 9．答案　without 解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，这里是说在不损坏原始文物的情况下更接近珍贵的文物，应用介词without“无，不，没有”。故填without。 10．答案　themselves 解析　考查代词。根据空前的“the relics”可知，这里是说遗产本身，应用they的反身代词themselves表示强调。故填themselves。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $