Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理19个重点词汇（含词性、词义及固定搭配如“fit in with”“cancel out”）、15个拓展词汇（通过词根词缀法呈现派生词如“twinkle→twinkling”“steady→steadily”）及14个阅读词汇，构建从基础认知到拓展应用的学习支架，辅以词汇在写作、语法中的实例运用。 资料特色在于分层设计与核心素养融合，“悟拓展词汇”助学生掌握构词规律提升学习能力，“写作佳句”结合高考真题（如2020新课标Ⅰ读后续写）强化语言表达能力，一词多义、熟词生义训练培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后通过拼写、语法填空练习帮助学生查漏补缺，巩固词汇应用能力。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．horizon n．地平线，海平线；(知识或兴趣的)范围，眼界 2．foothold n．稳固地位，立足点；立足处 3．obesity n．肥胖 4．cognitive adj.认知的 5．bloodstream n．体内循环的血液，血流 6．snowflake n．雪花，雪片 7．alike adj.相像，十分相似 adv.十分相像地；两者都，同样地 8．melt vi.& vt.融化，(使)熔化；(使)软化，变得温柔 9．feather n．羽毛，翎毛 10．miracle n．极好的例子，精品；奇迹，不平凡的事 11．vapour/vapor n．蒸气，雾气 12．carpenter n．木工，木匠 13．saw n．锯 vt.& vi.锯；拉锯似的来回移动 14．spiral adj.螺旋形的，螺旋式的 n．螺旋形，螺旋式 15．banknote n．纸币 16．hook n．钩，挂钩；诱饵，吸引人的事物 17．fit in with适应，与……合得来 18．cancel out抵消，对消 19．be inset into被嵌入 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．twinkle vi.闪烁；(眼睛因兴奋)发亮 n．闪耀，闪烁；(眼睛的)闪亮→twinkling adj.闪闪发亮的 n．瞬间，一眨眼，一刹那 2．steady adj.稳定的，恒定的；稳步的，匀速的；平稳的，稳固的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地；稳固地 3．dense adj.稠密的；浓密的；浓重的→densely adv.浓密地；密集地→density n．密度；密集，稠密 4．fragrant adj.香的，芳香的→fragrance n．芳香，芬芳；浓馥，香气→fragrantly adv.芬芳地；愉快地 5．nerve n．神经；(pl.)神经质，神经紧张；勇气，气魄→nervous adj.神经紧张的；神经质的；神经系统的→nervously adv.神经质地；紧张不安地；提心吊胆地 6．transplant n．(器官等的)移植；移植器官 vt.移植(器官)→transplantation n．移植；移居；移民 7．isolate vt.隔离；孤立→isolation n．隔离，隔离状态；孤独，孤立状态→isolated adj.偏远的；孤零零的 8．inject vt.(给……)注射(药物等)；(给……)添加，增加→injection n．注射，打针；大量资金的投入 9．accumulate vt.积累，积聚 vi.(数量)逐渐增加→accumulation n．堆积(物)；积累 10．humid adj.温暖潮湿的→humidity n．湿度；高温潮湿 11．resist vt.& vi.忍住，抵挡；抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗→resistance n．反对；抵制；抵抗→resistant adj.抵抗的 12．texture n．质地，手感；口感→textured adj.起纹理的，质地不平的 13．bionics n．仿生学→bionicist n．仿生学家 14．intense adj.严肃紧张的；十分强烈的；激烈的→intensely adv.强烈地；严肃紧张地→intensity n．强烈；剧烈→intensify vt.& vi.(使)加强，增强 15．cube n．立方形的东西；立方体→cubic adj.立方(形)的 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．He has also captured pollen from alder，pine and willow.花粉 2．Red wine contains a compound called resveratrol，which could reduce the risk of heart disease by changing the gut microbiome.微生物组 3．Maybe you can see the Great Wall clearly from space with binoculars but not with the naked eye.肉眼 4．These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.万亿 5．You could paint the walls and ceilings the same colour so they blend together.融合 6．Researchers around the world are in collaboration to develop a new vaccine.疫苗 7．Children who have malnutrition do not grow properly and they can not concentrate at school. 营养不良 8．When the collected water becomes heavy enough，the water droplet falls to the earth as rain. 小滴 9．The project must be carried out in a particular sequence.顺序 10．Could someone build a particle accelerator in his home or tiny lab？粒子 11．DNA is a very unique molecule.分子 12．The two lines AB and CD intersect at E．相交 13．I’m very sorry to hear that you cannot fit in with your roommates.与……合得来 14．The pros and cons cancel out.抵消 twinkle vi.闪烁；(眼睛因兴奋)发亮 n．闪耀，闪烁；(眼睛的)闪亮 (twinkling adj.闪闪发亮的 n．瞬间，一眨眼，一刹那) •twinkle with sth 因……而闪光/发亮 •in the twinkling of an eye＝in an instant 瞬息之间，转眼之间 (1)When the girl saw twinkling lights in the distance，her eyes twinkled with joy，forgetting her isolation.(twinkle) [写作佳句] (2)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)所有的爆米花都卖完了，伯纳德很高兴，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 ①With all the popcorn sold out，Bernard was happy and his eyes twinkled with excitement. ②With all the popcorn sold out，Bernard was happy，his eyes twinkling with excitement.(用独立主格结构改写) (3)(读后续写之场景描写)我原以为这些昆虫会在芬芳的花朵上停留一会儿，但不知怎么的，它们一眨眼就飞走了。 I had thought the insects would stay on the fragrant flowers for a while but somehow，they flew away in the twinkling of an eye/in an instant. nerve n．神经；(pl.)神经质，神经紧张；勇气(＝courage)，气魄(nervous adj.神经紧张的；神经质的；神经系统的 nervously adv.紧张不安地；神经质地) take nerve/courage 鼓起勇气 lose one’s nerve/courage失去勇气 (1)While stepping onto the stage，I glanced at the audience，swallowed nervously(nervous)，and looked away. [写作佳句] (2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)听到老师的话，大卫站了起来，鼓起勇气，向起跑线走去。他很自豪自己在最后一刻没有失去勇气。 Hearing the teacher’s words，David stood up，took nerve/courage and moved towards the starting line.He was proud that he didn’t lose his nerve/courage at the last minute. transplant n．(器官等的)移植；移植器官 vt.移植(器官) (transplantation n．移植；移居；移民) transplant sb/sth (from...) (to/into...) (从……)移居/移栽(到……) transplant sth (from sb/sth) (into sb/sth) (从……)移植(器官、皮肤等)(到……) (1)It is predicted that humans won’t have to donate organs for transplantation(transplant) in the near future. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之激动与兴奋)当他被告知外科医生们成功地给他的儿子移植了肝脏时，这位父亲兴奋得不能自已。 When he was told that the surgeons had successfully transplanted a liver into his son，a wave of excitement swept over the father. (3)(应用文写作之求助信)我想知道你能否给我一些关于如何将花儿移栽到花园里的实用的建议。 I’m wondering if/whether you could give me some practical advice on how to transplant the flowers to/into the garden. resist vt.& vi.忍住，抵挡；抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗 (resistance n．反对；抵制；抵抗 resistant adj.抵抗的) •resist doing sth 抗拒/拒绝做某事 cannot resist doing sth＝can’t help doing sth 忍不住做…… •be resistant to 对……有抵抗力；抵制 (1)Given that there has been a lot of resistance(resist) to this regulation，it will be cancelled soon. (2)It’s believed that elderly people are always resistant to changes.But it is not always true. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之情感描写)被同学们的热心深深地打动，我忍不住流下了热泪。 Deeply moved by my classmates’ enthusiasm，I couldn’t resist/help shedding tears. fit in with 适应，与……合得来 •fit in适应，融合 •be fit for (doing)/to do sth 适合(做)某事/胜任(做)某事 keep fit 保持健康 用fit短语的适当形式填空 (1)He tried as much as he could to fit in but he failed，which upset him a lot. (2)Keeping fit requires a combination of healthy eating and regular exercise. (3)I have been here for almost one year，but I still can’t fit in with the environment.Isolation is with me. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之求助信)我很难与新同学们合得来，所以我写信向你求助。 I have difficulty/trouble fitting in with my new classmates，so I’m writing to turn to you for help. Ⅰ.一词多义 horizon A.n.地平线　B.n.眼界　C.n.即将发生 1．Learning a foreign language，whether you are old or young，will add to a lot of fun and broaden your horizons. B 2．The moment when the sun rises above the horizon is very beautiful. A 3．A sense of anxiety came over me and bad things might be on the horizon. C hook A.n.挂钩，鱼钩　B.n.诱饵，吸引人的事物　C.v.连接　D.vt.使勾住，挂住 4．We hooked the trailer to the back of our car to have it repaired. D 5．The pictures are used as a hook to get children interested in science. B 6．What delighted the boy was that a small fish took the hook on his line. A 7．A large proportion of the nation’s households are hooked up to the Internet. C sequence A.n.一系列，一连串　B.n.顺序，次序　C.v.按顺序排列 8．It is required that the task should be performed in a particular sequence. B 9．That the human genome has now been sequenced indicates great advances in biology. C 10．The witness described the sequence of events leading up to the traffic crash. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Hearing the good news，the boy looked at me with a twinkle in his eyes. n.(眼睛的)闪亮，欣喜的神情 2．This city offers us a unique blend of traditionalism and modernism.n.融合，和谐结合 3．The car is a miracle of engineering.精品 4．His comments injected a note of humour into the meeting.添加，增加 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He was recovering from a heart transplant(移植) operation. 2．Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity(肥胖)． 3．Businesses are investing trillions of dollars to gain a foothold(立足点) in this new market. 4．The gentleman at the shop looked at me and turned away for a moment，returning with a fragrant(香的) flower. 5．Since then，however，the percentage of workers at these plants who were newly diagnosed with nerve(神经) damage has not dropped significantly. 6．It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home safe and sound. 7．All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. 8．The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring，sawing，nailing，and hammering. 9．Not only can traveling broaden one’s horizons，but it can also relax one’s body and soul. 10．What scientists have to do is to accumulate knowledge about the universe and everything in the universe. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The new building must fit in with its surroundings. 2．She saw her mother’s eyes twinkle with amusement. 3．Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper. 4．The technique consists of injecting healthy cells into the weakened muscles. 5．I have great difficulty figuring out how many cubic(cube) meters of water the lake holds. 6．We will intensify(intense) our work concerning social management and production safety. 7．It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones or joints when humidity(humid) rises. 8．With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(isolate)，more families are choosing to live together. 9．He couldn’t resist telling(tell) her the truth. 10．China’s image is improving steadily(steady)，with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $