Unit 2 Section Ⅴ Extended reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义围绕“茶”主题拓展阅读，构建从速读（整体理解文意、篇章结构）、细读（细节理解、推理判断）到读后（语法填空、句子结构分析、词块积累、写作仿写）的递进式学习支架，系统提升学生语言理解与表达能力。 资料通过分层阅读任务培养语言能力，结合思维导图梳理篇章结构，借助推理判断题和复合句解析（如“to the extent that...”句型）发展思维品质，词块默写与高考真题仿写（如2022全国甲卷书面表达）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅴ　Extended reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the article on P25? A．The history of tea. B．The spread of tea. C．The power of tea. D．An introduction to tea. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 1．Read the article on P25 and fill in the blanks. Para.1: The popularity of tea Para.2: The history of tea Para.3: The culture of tea Para.4: The spread of tea Para.5: The power of tea 2．Read the leaflet on P26 and fill in the mind map. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What do we know about tea from the magazine article? A．The origin of tea is known to us. B．Tea originally was offered to officials. C．Tea is currently the world’s second popular drink. D．Tea was delivered to Western Asia as early as the Tang Dynasty. 答案　C 2．How does the author describe people’s love of tea in paragraph 3 of the magazine article? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparison. C．By giving examples. D．By analysis. 答案　C 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4 of the magazine article? A．It was difficult for people to trade tea in ancient times. B．Tea was spread mainly by Tea Horse Road. C．Tea was spread to Europe by porters. D．Japanese monks took tea to Japan. 答案　A 4．How long does the tea­picking season usually last every year according to the leaflet? A．For at most 11 months. B．For at least 10 months. C．For about 9 months. D．For 2 months on average. 答案　B Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 As we know，tea drinking started in China，but its true origin is a mystery.1.It is believed that Shennong discovered tea about 5,000 years ago.Tea at first was used as medicine，included in meals and then offered as a refreshing drink to officials and 2.noblemen(nobleman)．It then became a common drink 3.enjoyed(enjoy) by all Chinese people. Tea drinking was 4.an important part of China’s rich culture.The love of tea inspired many people to write about it，among 5.whom are the Tang poet Du Fu and the tea master Lu Yu.Tea spread 6.through trade along the Tea Horse Road,7.reaching(reach) Western Asia.It also spread to other parts of the world through different sea routes.Japanese monks studying in China 8.took(take) tea seeds and tea­making customs back to Japan，and around the 1600s，tea arrived in Europe. The power of tea 9.was described(describe) by the writer Lin Yutang as capable of leading us into a world of quiet contemplation of life.Tea drinking refreshes the mind and body and also shows appreciation for the 10.harmonious(harmony) relationship between man and nature. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago，Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew(blow) into a pot of boiling water.(P25，Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。that引导同位语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：相传约5 000年前，有干叶被吹入一锅沸水中，神农氏便发现了茶。 2．Lu Yu，a tea master，wrote The Classic of Tea，which remains the earliest and most famous detailed(detail) study on tea in the world，covering(cover) everything anyone could possibly(possible) want to know about Chinese tea.(P25，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，anyone could...about Chinese tea是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 汉语翻译：品茶大师陆羽撰写了《茶经》，这是世界上最早、最著名、最详尽的茶学专著，涵盖了任何人可能想了解的关于中国茶的一切。 3．It is then not surprising(surprise) that the beauty(beautiful) of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.(P25，Para.4) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。It为形式主语，that引导主语从句。 汉语翻译：茶之美最终名扬四海，自然是不足为奇的。 4．Consequently，they grow well on steep hillsides where heavy rain can easily(easy) drain away.(P26，Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词steep hillsides。 汉语翻译：因此，在陡峭山坡，大雨能顺利排走，很适合茶树生长。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 to the extent that...引导结果状语从句 And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “cup of tea”？(P25，Para.1) 而它(茶)是如何一步步风靡世界，以至于人们常把自己真正喜欢的东西称为他们的“那杯茶”呢？ 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。to the extent that...引导结果状语从句，意为“达到……程度，以至于……”；they really like为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。 to...extent到……程度，在……程度上 to some extent 在一定程度上 (1)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)海洋被污染得非常严重以至于里面的很多生物都死掉了，所以我们呼吁人们保护海洋。 The ocean is polluted to the extent that many creatures in it are dead，so we call on people to protect it. (2)(话题写作之环境保护)在某种程度上，全球变暖与人类活动有关。因此，我们每个人都应该选择绿色的生活方式以减少碳足迹。 To some extent，global warming is connected with human activities.Therefore，each of us should choose a green lifestyle to reduce carbon footprint. while引导的从句 (1)While we know that tea drinking started in China，its true origin remains something of a mystery.(P25，Para.2) 尽管我们知道饮茶始于中国，但其真正起源依然是个谜。 (2)Among them the south­west tea­growing region is the oldest while the region south of the Yangtze River produces the most tea in China.(P26，Para.2) 其中，西南茶区历史最悠久，而长江以南地区产茶最多。 (3)AI­controlled machines can now plant and harvest more crops at faster speeds than humans ever could，while computer vision can distinguish weeds from crops. (P17，Para.4) 人工智能控制的机器现在能以更快的速度比人类种植和收获更多的作物，而计算机视觉可以区分杂草和作物。 (4)Once the exact amount needed is determined，the drones spray the chemicals，while farmers can follow the whole process on a mobile device.(P17，Para.4) 一旦确定所需的确切剂量，无人机就会喷洒化学制品，而农民可以在移动设备上跟踪整个过程。 结构分析： 句(1)中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”(不和连词but连用)，句(2)、(3)和(4)中的while是并列连词，表示“然而，而”。 while的其他用法： •作从属连词，可引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”(常用省略结构)。 •作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。 (1)While I was walking on the pavement alone late at night，I felt that waves of fear welled up inside me. ＝While walking on the pavement alone late at night，I felt that waves of fear welled up inside me.(状语从句的省略) (2)(读后续写之升华句)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们不会向困难屈服。 While we can’t predict what will happen in the future，we will not yield to difficulties. (3)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)我们开始作为一个优秀的团队工作。我的搭档负责撰写和润色文本，而我则主动提出做其余的工作。我们最终按时完成了我们的项目。 We began to work as a fine team.My teammate was responsible for writing and polishing the text，while I offered to do the rest work.We finally finished our project on time. (4)(应用文写作之建议信)你最好在来之前了解一些中国的习俗和文化，否则你需要很长一段时间才能适应住在这里。 You’d better learn about some Chinese customs and culture before coming，or it will take you quite a while to adjust to living here. 课文重点词块默写 1．为……所熟悉 be known to 2．到……程度，在……程度上to...extent 3．喜爱的人或物cup of tea 4．偶遇，无意中发现 come across 5．激励某人做某事inspire sb to do sth 6．名扬四海 be revealed to a wider world 7．在……中享有极高的人气enjoy enormous popularity among... 8．前进；成功make one’s way 9．总结； 概述…… sum up 10．人与自然的和谐 the harmony between man and nature 11．多达 up to 12．造成；导致 result in 13．被认为是…… be regarded as 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．当我走在人行道上的时候，我偶然遇到了我的一位许久未见的朋友。(while引导状语从句的省略) While walking on the pavement，I came across a friend of mine who I hadn’t seen for a long time. 2．我们聊了一会儿我们的现状。(while) We had a chat with each other for a while about our current situation. 3．我成了一名地质学家，而她成了医生，为病人诊断疾病。(while表对比) I became a geologist while she became a doctor，diagnosing diseases for patients. 4．尽管我们的工作都有缺点，但是我们都非常喜欢我们的工作。(while表让步) While both of our jobs have downsides，we are both fond of our jobs very much. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 While walking on the pavement，I came across a friend of mine who I hadn’t seen for a long time.We had a chat with each other for a while about our current situation，during which we knew that I became a geologist while she became a doctor，diagnosing diseases for patients.While both of our jobs have downsides，we are both fond of our jobs very much.Just as an old saying goes，“ Love whatever job one takes up.” 训练5　Extended reading(A) (满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·南京六校期中联合调研) Today’s Brussels sprouts(抱子甘蓝) taste better than you might remember from childhood，and that is because a new variety has replaced the original vegetable.You can thank plant breeders(植物育种家) for the change.Modern breeders，armed with new gene-editing technology，are looking to reproduce Brussels sprouts’ reinvention. In the late 1990s，scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter.Plant breeders started growing old seeds，previously abandoned due to poor yields(产量)，to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.Then they crossed these delicious but low-yield plants with high-yield individuals until they found a version that made plenty of tasty sprouts，transforming the vegetable from a bitter pill into a popular dish. But other vegetables haven’t fared as well.That’s because most breeding decisions favor plant traits that matter to vegetable growers，not vegetable eaters.For instance，disease resistance is probably the major focus these days of most breeding programs because that prevents the farmer from growing the crop.The taste of vegetables is ignored. People，however，are now becoming interested in prioritizing the taste of vegetables thanks in part to new genetic technology such as the gene-snipping technique CRISPR and DNA sequencing which is cheap enough to use widely.“There’s never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques，” says Susan Brown，an apple breeder at Cornell University. Some companies are beginning to use those tools to deal with the challenge of developing tastier vegetables.One company，Pairwise，is fighting the same compounds that troubled Brussels sprouts: glucosinolates.But this time researchers are improving the flavor of salad greens. All vegetable growers hope that more flavorful products on store shelves will convince people to consume the recommended allowances(推荐量) of fruits and vegetables—and do so better than decades of nutritional guidance have.“Don’t waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better，” said Harry Klee，a professor who specializes in tomato breeding.“Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过育种来让抱子甘蓝变得没那么苦，这一成功在某种程度上是因为新的基因技术，一些公司开始使用这些工具来应对开发更美味蔬菜的挑战。 1．Why did plant breeders grow old Brussels sprout seeds? A．To find out why Brussels sprouts are bitter. B．To find the less bitter versions of Brussels sprouts. C．To study the specific chemicals of Brussels sprouts. D．To select high-yielding versions of Brussels sprouts. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plant breeders started growing old seeds，previously abandoned due to poor yields(产量)，to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.”可知，植物育种家种植之前那种抱子甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “fared” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Profited. B．Emerged. C．Survived. D．Succeeded. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到种植之前那种抱子甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝且成功找到了，由but表示转折且下文说蔬菜的味道被忽略了可推知，画线词所在句是讲其他的蔬菜在改善味道方面没有成功。故画线词意思是“成功”。故选D。 3．What can we learn from Susan Brown’s words in paragraph 4? A．Fruit and vegetable breeding techniques are booming. B．Fruit and vegetable breeding techniques need no further improvement. C．Fruit and vegetable breeders are struggling to develop new species. D．Fruit and vegetable breeders should develop new genetic technology. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，苏珊·布朗的话表明水果和蔬菜育种技术正在蓬勃发展。故选A。 4．Which is the best way to get people to eat more fruits and vegetables according to Harry Klee? A．Enhancing the taste of vegetables and fruits. B．Making vegetables and fruits more affordable for people. C．Improving the nutritional content of vegetables and fruits. D．Educating people about the benefits of vegetables and fruits. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Harry Klee说的话可推知，让人们多吃水果和蔬菜的最好方法是改善蔬菜和水果的味道。故选A。 B Every four or five years，vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America.This phenomenon，El Niño(厄尔尼诺)，creates storms that cause devastating floods.The result is costly.In 2017，for instance，El Niño shut down northern Peru’s sugar-cane business. Modern farmers view El Niño stoically(坚忍地)．They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones.But history suggests it need not be like that.In a paper published recently，Ari Caramanica，an archaeologist at University of the Pacific，in Lima，shows how it used to be done.And the answer seems to be，“better”． Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan，a coastal desert plain in northern Peru.Pampa de Mocan is not ideal for farming.Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres.Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields. It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did.But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms.Since the climate was similar to the present day’s when these canals were dug，and the river no higher，she supposed that they were intended to guide the floodwater arriving during Niño years.Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure (基础设施) of this area seems to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwater. Evidence reveals that Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years.Dr Caramanica’s team also discovered two cisterns (蓄水池) in the area.These，possibly，were used to store floodwater. These findings suggest that，rather than resisting El Niño，early farmers in Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived.Precisely how they managed their fields in Niño years remains to be discovered.But modern farmers might do well to learn from them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中，利马太平洋大学的考古学家Ari Caramanica展示了过去的农民是如何做到利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的。文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。 5．What made the farms in Pampa de Mocan productive? A．Rich soil. B．Agreeable climate. C．Abundant rainfall. D．Agricultural constructions. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.”以及第四段最后一句可知，农业设施使Pampa de Mocan的农场产量高。故选D。 6．What’s the author’s attitude to the ancient ways of dealing with El Niño? A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Negative. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可推断作者对于古代处理厄尔尼诺的方法是支持的。故选A。 7．What do we know about El Niño from the text? A．It can be used in farming. B．It is usually caused by floods. C．It has little influence on business. D．It is always resisted as a disaster. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，厄尔尼诺可以用于农业。故选A。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Surviving El Niño B．Living with El Niño C．Farming in Different Times D．Learning from History 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文第三、四、五段介绍了古代农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺的，涉及与厄尔尼诺共生存这一方面，并号召现代农民向他们学习。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) The benefits of positive emotions never stop after a few minutes of good feelings go back to normal. 1 It will serve to build skills and develop resources for use later in life.Let’s consider a real world example. A child who runs around outside，swinging on branches and playing with friends，develops the ability to move athletically (physical skills)，the ability to play with others and communicate with a team (social skills)，and the ability to explore and examine the world around them (creative skills)． 2 These skills last much longer than the emotions that initiated them.Years later，that foundation of athletic movement might develop into a scholarship as a college athlete or the communication skills may turn into a job offer as a business manager.The happiness that promoted the exploration and creation of new skills has long since ended. 3 Researchers refer to this as the “broaden and build” theory because positive emotions broaden your sense of possibilities and open your mind，which in turn allows you to build new skills and resources that can provide value in other areas of your life. 4 Why? Because building skills for future use is irrelevant when there is immediate threat or danger (like the tiger on the path)．All of this research boils down to the fact that positive thinking is so useful for developing valuable skills and appreciating the Big Picture of life. But how can you get yourself to be positive in your life？ 5 You probably know what things work well for you.Maybe it’s playing the guitar.Maybe it’s spending time with a certain person. A．Negative emotions do the opposite. B．However，the skills themselves live on. C．But many of us look at things negatively. D．The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E．That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F．In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G．Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了积极情绪对身心所带来的好处以及如何让自己变得积极。 1．答案　D 解析　上文说明积极情绪会有持久的好处，下文“It will serve to build skills and develop resources for use later in life.”说明积极情绪可以有助于培养技能，D项“最大的好处是提高了能力”承接上文，并引出下文内容，符合题意。故选D。 2．答案　F 解析　本段上文说明孩子在外面玩可以培养各种不同的能力和有价值的技能，F项中skills是关键词，F项“通过这种方式，积极的情绪有助于培养有价值的技能”可以总结本段上文内容，符合题意。故选F。 3．答案　B 解析　上文“The happiness that promoted the exploration and creation of new skills has long since ended.”说明促进技能的积极情绪早就没有了，B项“然而，这些技能本身仍然存在”与上文形成转折关系，符合本段主旨“These skills last much longer than the emotions that initiated them.”。故选B。 4．答案　A 解析　上文“...because positive emotions broaden your sense of possibilities and open your mind...provide value in other areas of your life.”以及下文“Because building skills for future use is irrelevant when there is immediate threat or danger (like the tiger on the path)．”说明积极情绪与消极情绪形成对比，消极情绪的作用是相反的，A项“消极情绪的作用恰恰相反”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 5．答案　G 解析　上文“But how can you get yourself to be positive in your life？”提出问题，G项“任何唤起快乐、满足和爱的感觉的事情都会奏效”说明让自己在生活中变得积极的方法，回答上文的问题，符合题意。故选G。 训练6　Extended reading(B) (满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Jeremiah Letting learned about coffee from his father.As a child in the late 1980s，he worked on his family’s coffee farm in the hills of Western Kenya.“Every year was the same：seed，plant，ripen，harvest and sell，” he says. But no longer.Jeremiah Letting and other coffee farmers are suffering from rising temperatures. Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya.The plant produces tastier beans than its poor cousin robusta，which often ends up in instant coffee granules(颗粒)．Global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050，according to a recently published paper. Although coffee is only Kenya’s fourth-largest export，it directly or indirectly provides an income for about 6 million people，which accounts for over a tenth of the entire population，according to the Kenyan government.“People are not even able to have three meals a day without a secure income，” Mr Letting says. Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill.Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea，threatening tea growth.Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other solutions，such as encouraging farmers to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes.It also suggests growing a hybrid(杂交植物)，Arabusta，to combine the hardiness(耐寒性) of robusta with the flavour of arabica.People who are particular about coffee may turn up their noses at it，but they may have little choice but to swallow it. Another option may be entirely new varieties.Researchers at the Royal Botanic Gardens in London，are investigating a wild type of coffee，Coffea stenophylla.It is delicious and can also take the heat.But it produces less coffee beans than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown.Without a breakthrough of some sort，Vern Long of World Coffee Research warns，“We’re just going to be drinking instant coffee.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍受全球变暖的影响，咖啡种植受到了挑战，咖啡种植者不得不与变化的气候作斗争。 1．What’s the effect of global warming on coffee farming? A．More export of coffee for farmers. B．Less revenue for the government. C．Moving downhill for suitable farmlands. D．Reduced production of tasty coffee beans. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050，according to a recently published paper.”可知，全球变暖使得美味的咖啡豆产量减少。故选D。 2．What does the underlined part “turn up their noses at it” probably mean? A．Pay high attention to the coffee. B．Sing high praise for the coffee. C．Become interested in the coffee. D．Feel unsatisfied with the coffee. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前一句可知，建议种植一种杂交品种Arabusta，将robusta的耐寒性与arabica的味道结合起来。画线部分所在句中的“are particular about”意思是“对……挑剔”；再结合后半句“but they may have little choice but to swallow it”可知，对咖啡特别挑剔的人对这种杂交品种咖啡的味道很不满意，但是别无选择。所以turn up their noses at it为“对这种咖啡不满意”之意。故选D。 3．How does Vern Long feel about the future of coffee production? A．Cautious. B．Uncertain. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Without a breakthrough of some sort，Vern Long of World Coffee Research warns，‘We’re just going to be drinking instant coffee.’”可推断，Vern Long对未来的咖啡生产很担忧。故选C。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Arabica Coffee Beans Are Dying Out in Kenya B．Coffee Farmers Struggle Against Climate Killer C．Short Supplies Are Letting Tea Lovers Down D．Kenyan Tea Exports Decline in World Trade 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“Jeremiah Letting and other coffee farmers are suffering from rising temperatures”及全文可知，文章主要介绍受全球变暖的影响，咖啡种植受到了挑战，咖啡种植者不得不与变化的气候作斗争。所以“咖啡种植者与气候杀手斗争”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 B In order to help discover spoilage(变质)and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers，researchers have developed new low-cost，smartphone-linked，eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging. One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date(保存期)，but 60%(4.2 million tonnes)of the ￡ 12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat. The researchers，whose findings were published in ACS Sensors，say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable. The sensors cost two US cents each to make.Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”，they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products.The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smartphone，and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat. The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes(电极)onto a special type of paper.The materials are eco-friendly and harmless，so they don’t damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging.The sensors，combined with a tiny electronic system，then inform nearby mobile devices，which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases. Lead author Dr Firat Guder，of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering，said，“Although they’re designed to keep us safe，use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.They don’t always reflect its actual freshness.In fact，people often get sick from foodborne diseases due to poor storage，even when an item is within its use-by date.” “These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years.Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.” The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing，like sensing chemicals in agriculture，air quality，and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease. 语篇解读　本文为科普类说明文。为了测定食物的新鲜度和减少食物浪费，研究人员开发了一种新的低成本智能和环保的肉类和鱼类包装变质传感器，希望它能很快地投入使用，并且应用于更广泛的领域。 5．What is the function of PEGS according to the text? A．To improve the service of stores. B．To help supermarkets store foods. C．To improve the taste of food products. D．To help people test food freshness. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，PEGS是用来帮助人们测试食物的新鲜度以减少食物浪费的，故选D。 6．What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning? A．It acts as an electronic nose. B．It reads the data collected by PEGS. C．It discovers the spoilage gases from foods. D．It helps print the gas sensors onto paper. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smartphone，and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.”可知，智能手机会在PEGS运行时读取由它收集的数据，故选B。 7．What does Dr Firat Guder say about use-by dates? A．They are not completely reliable. B．They can help reduce food waste. C．They are not accepted by consumers. D．They are based on scientific research. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Although they’re designed to keep us safe，use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.They don’t always reflect its actual freshness.”可知，Firat Guder博士认为，保质期并不完全可靠，故选A。 8．What does the author mainly talk about in the text? A．The process of researching spoilage sensors. B．Use-by dates’ influence on supermarkets and consumers. C．A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste. D．The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，本文介绍了一种新型的可以减少食物浪费的变质传感器，该技术有望在食品包装中应用，并取代靠使用日期来断定食物新鲜度的老方法，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) You might say I found marathon，step by step.Or perhaps it found me.I was 1 an athlete growing up.In fact，I have a hard time 2 that term to myself even today. It started when I joined a group of women in my neighborhood for a daily three-mile walk.At first it was 3 .But soon，my body adjusted and I wanted 4 .Before long，I was running 5 miles.Then I set a goal to run a half marathon.And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon.I thought，“Now what？” I started to 5 a marathon. It so happened that I 6 a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach，Rick Muhr，and was so 7 by his words.I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon，just a week away，and that I really didn’t believe I could 8 .Rick locked eyes with me and said，“Trish，you’ve done enough training.You’ll finish！” I never had someone 9 me like that，let alone a real，live coach.He gave me the 10 I needed.I set out to run my 11 marathon and completed it in 4：25：00.Little did I know that this would be the beginning of nearly a decade of marathon and distance running. Running a marathon isn’t for everybody.But it is for anybody，anybody who wants to 12 the unreachable and to take that 13 into the rest of their life.When you cross the finish line you may never have a 14 picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing.Your 15 of the world and，more importantly，of yourself will forever be changed! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢上马拉松的过程和这项运动对作者的影响。 1．A.always B．rarely C．never D．nearly 答案　C 解析　根据上文“You might say I found marathon，step by step.”和下文“I really didn’t believe I could .Rick locked eyes with me and said，‘Trish，you’ve done enough training.You’ll finish！’．..He gave me the I needed.”可推知，作者并不擅长运动，在之前的成长过程中从来没当过运动员。故选C。 2．A.pointing B．applying C．turning D．spreading 答案　B 解析　根据下文“that term to myself”可推知，作者觉得很难把“运动员”这一专有名词用在自己身上，apply sth to sb是固定短语，意为“把……应用于……”。故选B。 3．A.hard B．relaxing C．unfamiliar D．exciting 答案　A 解析　根据下文“But soon，my body adjusted”可知，一开始作者的身体没有适应，所以会觉得很难。故选A。 4．A.some B．both C．more D．none 答案　C 解析　根据上文“a daily three-mile walk”和下文“Before long，I was running 5 miles.”可知，作者由一开始的步行3英里转变到跑步5英里，说明在身体适应后，作者想要进行更多运动。故选C。 5．A.report B．record C．recall D．consider 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Now what？”可推知，作者在完成了半程马拉松后开始寻找下一个目标，开始考虑全程的马拉松比赛。故选D。 6．A.held B．missed C．attended D．mentioned 答案　C 解析　根据下文“a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach”可知，作者参加了一个会议，听了演讲。故选C。 7．A.inspired B．disturbed C．embarrassed D．amused 答案　A 解析　根据下文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon，just a week away，and that I really didn’t believe I could .”可推知，作者深受教练Rick Muhr的话的鼓舞，所以才和他分享自己的担忧，希望得到鼓励。故选A。 8．A.participate B．finish C．win D．run 答案　B 解析　根据下文教练Rick Muhr鼓舞的话“Trish，you’ve done enough training.You’ll finish！”可推知，作者怕自己无法完成马拉松比赛。故选B。 9．A.agree with B．rely on C．care for D．believe in 答案　D 解析　根据上文教练Rick Muhr的话“Trish，you’ve done enough training.You’ll finish！”可知，教练表达了对作者的信任。故选D。 10．A.confidence B．pleasure C．satisfaction D．motivation 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon，just a week away，and that I really didn’t believe I could .”可知，作者对完成马拉松没有信心，所以教练Rick Muhr的鼓励给了她信心。故选A。 11．A.last B．first C．only D．second 答案　B 解析　根据上文“And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon.I thought，‘Now what？’ I started to a marathon.”可知，这是作者第一次跑全程马拉松。故选B。 12．A.test B．identify C．imagine D．reach 答案　D 解析　根据上文作者的经历可知，参加马拉松不是件容易的事情，结合句中“the unreachable”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点。故选D。 13．A.knowledge B．request C．principle D．experience 答案　D 解析　作者讲完成马拉松相当于到达不可企及的高点，这是一种经历，一种可以铭记余生的经历。故选D。 14．A.bigger B．brighter C．clearer D．nicer 答案　C 解析　根据上文“who wants to the unreachable”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点，结合句中“picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing”可推知，当冲过终点线时，你就突破了自己，会对自己有更清晰的认识。故选C。 15．A.view B．love C．description D．memory 答案　A 解析　根据上文“When you cross the finish line you may never have a picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing.”可知，冲过马拉松的终点意味着突破极限，会对自己有更清晰的认识，所以对世界和自己的看法将永远改变。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $