Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition—Emphasis 阅读下面的短文，画出文中的强调句，并总结。 (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) My English teacher is the very person I respect most.Having taught English for over ten years，she is really experienced.She can simplify what we learn and instruct us skillfully.Besides，she does care about each of us.Whenever we’re in trouble，she is always patient with us and encourages us to overcome the difficulties bravely.It is with her help and encouragement that all of us make great progress in English.She devotes her time and love to us students.She is such a kind person that every one of my classmates loves her. I do think she is the person who deserves my respect.I appreciate her kindness very much. 答案　 1．My English teacher is the very person I respect most. 2．...she is really experienced. 3．Besides，she does care about each of us. 4．It is with her help and encouragement that all of us make great progress in English. 5．She is such a kind person that every one of my classmates loves her. 6．I do think she is the person who deserves my respect. 总结：句3和6是对句子的谓语进行强调，句4是强调句型。 为了增强感情色彩或突出句子的某个成分，我们常对句中的某个单词或部分进行强调。常见的表强调的方法和结构如下： 一、用very，really，only，so，such，at all，just等词语修饰被强调部分。 You’re the very person that I have been looking for.你就是我一直在找的那个人。 I really wanted to take a part­time job to help my father support our family. 我真的很想找一份兼职工作来帮助我父亲养家糊口。 二、用“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调 Do come，or you’ll miss the wonderful chance.一定要来，否则你会错过这极好的机会。 Tom does have his unique way to solve problems. 汤姆确实有他独特的解决问题的方法。 They did try many ways to minimize the loss. 他们确实尝试了很多方法来尽量减少损失。 三、用强调句型“It is/was...that/who...” 陈述句 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分．(被强调部分为“人”时，可用who/that；被强调部分非人时，只能用that) It is I who/that am right.(强调主语) 我是对的。 It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语) 我们在学校门口遇见的是他。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语) 汤姆是在公园丢失了他的手表。 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？ Was it because Tom got up late that he failed to arrive on time? 是因为起晚了汤姆才没能准时到达吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？ What was it that caused the big fire last night? 到底是什么导致了昨晚的大火？ not...until... It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分． It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他来。 注意事项 1．此强调结构中被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语或状语。 2．若被强调的部分是句子的主语，那么that/who之后的谓语动词的数应与被强调的主语保持一致。 3．判断强调句的方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，看看该句子重新组合后是否还完整。如果完整，则为强调句型。 (It was) at 11 o’clock (that) he came back from work.(强调句) 他是在11点钟下班回来的。 It was 11 o’clock that he came back from work.(×) It was 11 o’clock when he came back from work.(状语从句) 他下班回来时已经11点钟了。 Ⅰ.改写句子 Ancient people grew different crops on both banks of the river. (强调主语)It was ancient people that/who grew different crops on both banks of the river. (强调宾语)It was different crops that ancient people grew on both banks of the river. (强调状语)It was on both banks of the river that ancient people grew different crops. (强调谓语动词)Ancient people did grow different crops on both banks of the river. (对主语进行提问)Who was it that grew different crops on both banks of the river? (对宾语进行提问)What was it that ancient people grew on both banks of the river? (对状语进行提问)Where was it that ancient people grew different crops? Ⅱ.完成句子 1．正是这条携带着肥沃土壤的河流为农作物的种植提供了养分。 It is the river carrying fertile soil that provides nutrients for crop farming. 2．这片土地的肥沃对这个县来说是如此重要的礼物。 The fertility of the land is such an important gift for the county. 3．怀着巨大的勇气和决心，我最终穿过了终点线。 It was with great courage and determination that I finally crossed the finishing line. 4．直到那时他们才意识到小小的善举也能对他人起到巨大作用。 It was not until then that they realized a small act of kindness could make a big difference to others. 5．我真的希望我的建议能帮助你尽快适应新的环境。 I do hope my suggestions can help you to adapt to the new environment as soon as possible. Ⅲ.根据汉语意思，用强调结构补全下面的短文 (2021·全国乙，书面表达) 1．It’s really a great honour for me to have such a precious opportunity to deliver a speech(对我来说能有如此宝贵的机会发表演讲真的是非常荣幸) titled “Be Smart Online Learners”． With the rapid development of science and technology，online learning is becoming very popular.However，online learning 2.does have some disadvantages(确实有一些弊端)．For example，it is difficult for us students to interact with the teachers，which means some problems can’t be solved in time.In addition，some of students are lacking in self­discipline.3.They are so addicted to online games that(他们如此沉迷于网络游戏以至于) they can’t focus on their study.As far as I’m concerned，we should be strict with ourselves while learning online.4.It is not until we make good use of learning resources on the Internet that we can be a smart online learner(直到我们充分利用互联网上的学习资源，我们才能成为一个聪明的在线学习者)． 5．I do hope all of us can be smart online learners(我真的希望我们所有人都能成为聪明的在线学习者)．Thank you for your listening. 训练3　Grammar and composition (满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A At Sho Farm in northern Vermont，farmers Melissa Hoffman and Shawn Smith work hand in hand with the land and its inhabitants，and among them are hundreds of ducks.The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food.Rather，they are naturally involved in farming operations，helping to manage pests and add fertilizer(肥料) to the soil. In the beginning，Hoffman，who has a background in organic farming and ecology action，worked with ecologists and biologists to survey the plants and wildlife all around the area.This was “to understand who was living here，so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here，” she says. So，at Sho Farm，focus is placed on living harmoniously alongside other life and working with traditional ecological knowledge.Food is seen not as a commodity(商品) but as a relationship with land and life. The methods of food production at Sho Farm，as well as the farmers’ philosophy of working with rather than against nature，are in sharp contrast to most modern agricultural systems.And that’s the point.“We’ve been talking a lot about the broken food system and the consequences of it to the environment，to wildlife，to the animals in animal agriculture and to human health，” says Hoffman，adding that it’s not just the food system that’s broken.“It’s the relationship between humans，non-human animals，land and nature.” The ducks play a vital，integrated role on the farm，explains Hoffman，by naturally providing pest control，fertilizer and (fuel-free) land maintenance(维护)，just as by-products of their existence.“We noticed where we summered groups of ducks and parts of the food system that were not doing very well.The following year，the food system was efficiently improved，” she says. It’s a symbiotic relationship that works well.“Animals don’t have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense.They can be part of the farm as a partner，” Hoffman says.“They are wonderful partners.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是在佛蒙特州北部的Sho Farm的一种农业经营方式，该农场里的鸭子自然地参与农业经营之中。 1．Why did Hoffman do a survey in the beginning? A．To get familiar with the surroundings. B．To have a good relationship with other people. C．To live in harmony with other life on the farm. D．To have a good understanding of organic farming. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中霍夫曼说的话可知，一开始霍夫曼做调查的目的是了解谁在这里，这样他们所做的一切就与这里的生物相关，也就是说他们是为了与农场中的其他生物和谐相处。故选C。 2．What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 4? A．The causes of the broken food system. B．The reasons for Hoffman’s farming methods. C．The changes in modern agricultural systems. D．The process of food production at Sho Farm. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，Sho Farm的食品生产方法与现代的农业体系形成鲜明对比，这就是问题的关键，结合下文中所讲述的现代的农业体系中存在的问题可知，本段主要是分析了霍夫曼采取目前这种农场经营模式的原因。故选B。 3．What does “a symbiotic relationship” in the last paragraph imply? A．Animals are treated well at Sho Farm. B．Animals are not to be sold for money. C．People and animals play the same role in organic farming. D．People and animals work together and benefit each other. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据尾段中霍夫曼说的话可知，霍夫曼认为，动物可以作为合作伙伴成为农场的一部分，也就是说人类可以与动物一起合作，互惠互利。故选D。 4．Which of the following best describes the farming at Sho Farm? A．Efficient. B．Modern. C．Natural. D．Economical. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据首段中的“The ducks at Sho Farm are not...Rather，they are naturally involved in farming operations，helping to manage pests and add fertilizer(肥料) to the soil.”可知，鸭子自然地参与到农业经营中，帮助管理害虫和向土壤施肥；根据倒数第二段首句可知，鸭子在Sho Farm中起着至关重要的作用，它们自然地提供了害虫防治、肥料和土地维护。综上可知，“自然的”可以最恰当地描述Sho Farm的农业经营。故选C。 B In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s，Hobart’s Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy’s backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses vertical pastures(垂直牧场)，the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere(半球)．Mr Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer.“I know it’s really funny，because when people say to me，‘Where’s your farm？’，I’ll say ‘it’s in Battery Point’ and they’re like，‘No，there’s no farms in Battery Point’，” he said.“People think the Martians have landed because we’ve got this massive，big pink light that comes out of it from the bottom but other than that，they’d have no idea.” Not just a backyard project，Mr Handy is running a business.“It’s here because I need to be as close to my customers，the chefs and restaurants of Hobart，” he said.“I aim to use the least amount of food miles as possible and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients，the farm grows leafy greens，root vegetables and flowering plants.“I don’t have to worry about floods，wind，wild animals，electric fences，turning the soil over，” Mr Handy said.Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming，the farm ticks the box environmentally.“I mean，this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability in the world.But it’s definitely a part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming，due to a combination of loss of water，loss of topsoil，climate change and overuse of poisons.“We’re going to need to change the nature of the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time，” he said，“and new urban farming methods would see most of the world’s great cities feeding themselves.” Mr Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming.But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their expertise to cities，teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Peter Handy在城市里建了个农场，并介绍了他的农场的特点和在城市里种植的必要性。 5．What might people think of Mr Handy’s farm? A．Scared. B．Impressed. C．Disappointed. D．Confused. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段的“No，there’s no farms in Battery Point”和“People think the Martians have landed because we’ve got this massive，big pink light that comes out of it from the bottom but other than that，they’d have no idea.”可知，人们对Mr Handy的农场感到困惑，故选D。 6．What does Mr Handy say about his farm? A．It is not affected by weather. B．It mainly plants and sells flowers. C．It serves customers from near and far. D．It is the solution to food sustainability. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“I don’t have to worry about floods，wind，wild animals，electric fences，turning the soil over”可推知，Mr Handy的农场不会受到天气的影响，故选A。 7．What’s the purpose of Mr Gribb’s words in paragraph 5? A．To praise his contribution to science. B．To explain how urban farming works. C．To stress the necessity of urban farming. D．To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段的“We’re going to need to change the nature of the way we produce food...and new urban farming methods would see most of the world’s great cities feeding themselves”可推知，第五段中Mr Gribb的话的目的是强调城市农耕的必要性。故选C。 8．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Cities are struggling to get food. B．Technology is changing people’s life. C．Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D．Food production is being moved into cities. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和最后一段可知，本文主要讲的是Peter Handy在城市里建了个农场，并介绍了他的农场的特点和在城市里种植的必要性，故“粮食生产正在转移到城市”可概括文章大意。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) World Soil Day 1. (hold) every year on 5 December as a means to focus attention on the importance of soil health and to advocate for the sustainable management of soil resources.The UN General Assembly declared 2. first World Soil Day in 2014. As we all know，the 3. (result) of climate change are increasingly unpredictable.Knowing the land，therefore，becomes essential in order to prevent damage 4. can do harm to soil health. World Soil Day 2022 and its campaign，“Soils: Where food begins”，aims 5. (raise) awareness of the importance of maintaining ecosystems and human well-being by 6. (address) the growing challenges in soil management，increasing soil awareness and encouraging societies to improve soil health. Soil nutrient loss is a major soil degradation(退化) process threatening nutrition.7. is recognized as being among the most critical problems at a global level for food security and sustainability all around the globe.Agricultural production will have to increase by 60% to meet the global food demand in 2050 8. up to 58% more food could be produced through sustainable soil management. Our lives depend on soils—the mix of mineral and organic matter 9. (combine) with air，water，and microbes.Without 10. (health) soils，every living creature on Earth is at risk. 1．答案　is held 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句谓语，主语World Soil Day与所给动词hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语every year可知，用一般现在时，且主语为单数。故填is held。 2．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后是序数词，表示“第一”之意，前应用the，表特指。故填the。 3．答案　results 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，result意为“结果”，为可数名词，根据后文的are可知用复数形式。故填results。 4．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词damage，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 5．答案　to raise 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配aim to do sth，意为“旨在做某事”。故填to raise。 6．答案　addressing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填addressing。 7．答案　It 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，根据句意，此处应用it代指前文提到的“Soil nutrient loss”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。 8．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前内容和空后内容是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 9．答案　combined 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，combine与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填combined。 10．答案　healthy 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，health的形容词形式是healthy。故填healthy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $