Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理重点词汇（如plough, minimize）、拓展词汇（通过构词法如collaborate→collaboration）及阅读词汇（如fertility, real time），并结合一词多义、熟词生义及语法填空等练习，构建从基础到应用的完整词汇学习支架。 通过构词法解析（如simple→simplify）提升语言能力，一词多义辨析（如spray的动词、名词多义）培养思维品质，多样化练习（单词拼写、语法填空）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固词汇应用，弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．plough/plow vt.& vi.犁(田)；耕(地) n．犁 2．minimize/minimise vt.使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低；(尤指在计算机屏幕上)使最小化 3．boast vt.& vi.有(值得自豪的东西)；自夸，自吹自擂 4．yield n．产量，产出 vt.出产(作物)，产生(收益等) vi.屈服，让步；变形，弯曲 5．spray vt.& vi.喷，喷洒；向……扫射(或抛洒) n．浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器 6．obstacle n．障碍，阻碍；障碍物，绊脚石 7．drip n．水滴，滴液；滴落，滴水声；(静脉)滴注 vt.& vi.滴下；滴水 8．pest n．害虫；讨厌的人(或物) 9．downside n．缺点，不利方面 10．legend n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物 11．steep adj.陡的，陡峭的；大起大落的；过高的，不合理的 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．collaborate v．合作，协作→collaboration n．合作，协作；合作成果 2．diagnose vi.& vt.判断(问题的原因)，诊断(疾病)→diagnosis n．诊断，判断 3．simple adj.简单的；单纯的→simply adv.仅仅；简朴地→simplify vt.使简化，使简易 4．irrigate vt.灌溉；冲洗(伤口或身体部位)→irrigation n．灌溉 5．abundant adj.大量的，丰富的，充足的→abundance n．大量，充裕→abundantly adv.丰富地；大量地 6．conquer vt.在(某地)很受欢迎；攻克，征服；(尤指比赛中)击败→conqueror n．征服者；胜利者→conquerable adj.可征服的；可战胜的 7．contemplate v．考虑；沉思，苦思冥想；凝视→contemplation n．深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视 8．mature adj.成熟的→maturity n．(人或动植物)成熟，完全长成；(思想行为等)成熟 9．exclude v．不包括；把……排斥在外；排除(……的可能性)→exclusion n．排除在外，排斥；排除，认为不可能 10．powder n．粉末 vt.搽粉→powdered adj.研成粉末的；干燥成粉的 11．cultivate v．耕作；种植；培养(品质或技巧等)→cultivation n．耕种，种植；(品质或技巧的)培养 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．Organic farming uses animal waste as fertilizer to improve soil fertility and at the same time，to produce healthier food.富饶 2．Employees can have access to customer files in real time，which can improve their work efficiency greatly.实时 3．Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.杀虫剂　肥料 4．Vertical farming is a new kind of farming and most people are confused about it.垂直的 5．While tea is now a common drink，there was a time when tea was only available to those wealthy and noblemen.出身高贵的人 6．In old times，many goods were transported mainly by porters.In other words，they made a contribution to ancient trade.搬运工 7．As is known to all，tea grows well in humid regions with well­drained soil.温暖潮湿的 8．There was someone hiding behind the bushes.灌木丛 collaboration n．合作，协作；合作成果(collaborate v．合作，协作 collaborative adj.合作的，协作的) •in collaboration with sb (on sth) 与某人(在……方面)合作 •collaborate with sb (on sth)与某人(在……方面)合作 (1)Yuan Longping developed the hybrid rice and boosted farmers’ yields in collaboration with his teammates. ＝Yuan Longping developed the hybrid rice and boosted farmers’ yields by collaborating(collaborate) with his teammates. (2)Collaborative(collaborate) learning can improve our learning ability and efficiency，which is widely advocated by many educators. [写作佳句] (3)(话题写作之植树活动)在享受亲近大自然的同时，我们互相合作，一些人挖坑，一些人种小树，还有一些人给树浇水。 While enjoying being close to nature，we collaborated with/were in collaboration with each other，some digging holes，some planting small trees，and some watering them. put sth to good use 有效使用 make use of 使用，利用 come into use 开始使用 be of use/no use 有用/无用 用use短语的正确形式填空 (1)Traditionally，farmers make use of pesticides to kill some bacteria and insects in farmland. (2)No one knows exactly when the new word came into use. (3)I’m convinced that she’ll be able to put her communication skills to good use in her new job. (4)From my point of view，your persuasion is of no use with regard to altering this stubborn person. [写作佳句] (5)(话题写作之学校生活)我坚信如果你有效利用你的时间，你一定会在学习上取得很大的进步。 I firmly believe that if you put your time to good use，you will make great progress in your study. (6)(应用文写作之建议信)我真的希望你会发现这些建议对你有很大的用处。 I do hope you will find these suggestions of great use to you. abundance n．大量，充裕 (abundant adj.大量的，丰盛的，充裕的 abundantly adv.大量地，丰盛地，充裕地) •in abundance 大量，丰盛，充裕 an abundance of 大量的 •be abundant in＝be rich in 在……方面富足，富含…… (1)Come to our town in July because it’s the month when berries are in abundance(abundant)． (2)Organic farming without using artificial fertilizers produces food abundant in nutrition and minerals. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我建议你去西安游玩，它历史悠久，有着大量的历史文化遗产。 I recommend you to pay a visit to Xi’an，which has a long history with an abundance of/abundant historical and cultural heritage. Ⅰ.一词多义 spray A.n.水雾　B.n.喷剂；喷雾的液体　C.v.喷，喷洒　D.v.向……扫射 1．The instant Mac spotted the fierce wolf chasing after him，he used pepper spray to frighten the wolf away. B 2．The tractor fired up and we were off，riding down the field and looking for weeds to spray with chemicals. C 3．The scene that the gunman sprayed the building with bullets frightened him nearly to death. D 4．A cloud of fine spray came up from the waterfall，which looked beautiful. A drip A.v.液体滴下　B.v.滴水　C.n.滴水声；滴答声　D.n.水滴 5．She was so absorbed that she didn’t care the sweat dripped into her eyes. A 6．The silence was broken only by the steady drip of water from the roof. C 7．Saving water is everyone’s duty and we can start with small things.For example，when seeing the tap is dripping，turn it off. B 8．Our house was so shabby that we used to put a bucket under the hole in the roof to catch the drips when it rained. D steep A.adj.陡的，陡峭的　B.adj.急剧的，大起大落的　C.v.沉浸于，潜心于 9．Steeping himself in his experiment，he didn’t notice the noise outside. C 10．The path grew steeper as we climbed higher，which made us more and more frightened. A 11．Many small firms closed up because of the financial crisis，causing a steep rise in unemployment. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．She always boasts that she can speak five languages，which is far from the truth.吹嘘 2．This project is expected to yield good returns in the future.产生(收益等) 3．She ploughed her way through the waiting crowds.开路 4．He climbed on the table，pulled my hair，and was generally a pest.讨厌鬼；讨厌的人 5．From my point of view，high schools should lay emphasis on the cultivation of students’ interpersonal communication skills.(品质或技巧的)培养 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Susan had a physical breakdown and was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer. 2．The town boasts(有值得自豪的东西) a world­famous geological museum. 3．Do not paint when it is cold or very humid(温暖潮湿的) but when it’s very hot and dry. 4．In most cases，grain crops are eventually cooked，minimizing/minimising(降低) the risk of transmitting diseases. 5．Many noblemen(贵族) were invited and the whole palace was decorated with burning bright lights. 6．Why don’t you plough/plow out all the weeds and plant some vegetables? 7．The crops are regularly sprayed with pesticides to protect them from pests. 8．Although incomplete，it still made Xu Xiake a travelling legend around the world. 9．Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. 10．One of the biggest obstacles that prevent us from getting out of our comfort zones is that we are unwilling to alter ourselves. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．You can be sure that the money you gave them will be put to good use. 2．Bamboo plants grow in abundance in Sichuan Province. 3．Humans experience a delayed maturity(mature)；we arrive at all stages of life later than other mammals. 4．Some researchers even argue that “silencing someone” is one of the most serious forms of exclusion (exclude)． 5．I borrowed a book on the cultivation(cultivate) of grapes from the library. 6．While intelligent people can often simplify(simple) the complicated，a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 7．Childhood curiosity is a collaboration(collaborate) between child and adult. 8．As long as the two sides conduct open communications and increase mutual trust while putting aside differences，any difficulty is conquerable(conquer)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $