Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本高中英语讲义以“气候”为核心主题，构建“基础认知—技能训练—综合应用”的学习支架。从气候基本概念（天气与气候区别、影响因素）切入，通过阅读理解题夯实基础，衔接听力填空（气候对衣食住行、节日的影响）强化输入，再以演讲稿写作指导（结构模板、句式升级）实现输出，最终通过训练题（南极气候阅读、中国气候政策语法填空、绿色生活演讲写作）巩固综合运用能力。 该资料特色在于深度融合语言能力与思维品质培养，整合听、说、读、写技能：听力填空训练精听与信息抓取，写作提供“审题谋篇—句式升级”支架提升表达逻辑；通过词义猜测（如“retreated”推理）、语法逻辑分析（定语从句、非谓语动词）发展思维层次。同时融入文化意识，以瑞典仲夏节、傣族民居等案例展现跨文化理解，结合环保主题渗透人类命运共同体意识。课中多样活动助力教师高效授课，课后系统训练与范文参考便于学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Factors affecting climate. B．The way climate changed. C．Basic information about climate. D．The difference between weather and climate. 答案　C 2．What is the main difference between weather and climate? A．Weather and climate are interchangeable terms. B．Weather is long-term，while climate is short-term. C．Weather refers to temperature only，while climate includes all weather elements. D．Weather is the actual state of the atmosphere，while climate is the typical long-term pattern of weather. 答案　D 3．What is the main cause of the recent rise in Earth’s temperatures? A．Ocean currents. B．Natural climate cycles. C．Decrease in greenhouse gases. D．Human activity increasing the amount of greenhouse gases. 答案　D 4．How does the author organize the passage? A．By cause and effect. B．By contrast. C．By asking and answering. D．By examples. 答案　C Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) 1．What is the main idea of the talk? A．The impact climate has on people’s lives. B．The celebration of festivals. C．The bad effect climate has on crops. 2．When do people in Sweden observe Midsummer’s Day? A．In July. B．In June. C．In August. 3．In what column can we find the talk? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Environment. 答案　1.A　2.B　3.C Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the talk on P9 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Narrator：Good morning.It is my pleasure to talk to you about the 1.impact climate has on the lives of people around the world. Climate affects 2.the clothes we wear,3.the houses we live in as well as 4.the modes of transport we use.In desert regions of North Africa，where it is extremely hot in summer，people wear long loose-fitting dress-like clothes that allow the free flow of air and 5.protect them from the burning sun and the blowing sand.In China’s Xishuangbanna，which has a 6.warm and damp climate，the Dai people build two-storey bamboo houses supported by bamboo posts.This design raises the houses high above the wet ground and enables air to 7.flow more easily through the buildings.In northern Canada，it is extremely cold in winter，so sleds 8.pulled by dogs often serve as an efficient way to carry goods across snow-covered ground. Crop growth depends on climatic factors such as 9.rainfall，sunshine and temperature.As a result，people in different climatic zones grow different crops.In the 10.hot，wet regions of the tropics，tree crops such as rubber trees are favoured along with some root crops.In areas that are less hot and have 11.less rainfall，such as the vast plains of North America，farmers grow corn and wheat. Climate also influences 12.the celebration of festivals.In Sweden，where the winter is cold and long，people celebrate Midsummer’s Day in June，around the longest day of the year. To conclude，climate impacts greatly on people’s lives.Today，I have opened but a small window into a world where people 13.have adapted to different climates.I hope you have enjoyed this very brief look.Thank you. 本单元的写作目标是为世界气象日写一篇关于气候的演讲稿。演讲稿是应用文的一种常见文体，是参加会议者为了在会议或重要活动上表达自己的意见、看法或汇报思想、工作情况而事先准备好的文稿。演讲稿分为欢迎辞、欢送辞、毕业致辞等，也可以就某个话题发表自己的感想、竞选某个岗位等。因此，演讲稿应开门见山，观点鲜明，语言要富有感染力、形象生动、逻辑性强。 1．开头句 (1)It is my great honor to deliver a speech on...on behalf of... 我很荣幸代表……就……发表演讲。 (2)It is a great privilege for me to stand here，sharing my opinions about... 我很荣幸能站在这里，分享我对……的看法。 (3)I am honored to have this precious chance to speak here on such a special occasion. 我很荣幸有这个宝贵的机会在这样一个特殊的场合在这里发言。 (4)I’m more than honored to speak here and share my idea with you.The topic of my speech is... 我非常荣幸在这里和大家分享我的想法。我演讲的主题是…… (5)I want to share with you how the...has had an impact/influence on our life. 我想和你分享……是如何影响我们的生活的。 2．中间句 (1)When it comes to sth/doing...，... 说到某事/做某事，……。 (2)First and foremost，...Moreover，...Last but not least，... 首先，……此外，……最后但同样重要的是，…… (3)It is＋...＋ that ＋...正是…… (4)Not only...but also...不但……而且…… (5)Never will you regret if you...如果你……你永远不会后悔。 3．结尾句 (1)In conclusion，I hold a firm belief that only if we...，can we...Thank you for your listening! 总之，我坚信只有我们……，我们才能……谢谢你的聆听！ (2)In short，I’d like to stress the importance of doing...That’s all I want to say about this point.Thank you for your attention! 简而言之，我想强调做……的重要性。关于这一点，我想说的就是这些。谢谢您的关注！ (3)Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me this chance to deliver a speech today. 今天我由衷地感谢大家给我机会发表演讲。 (4)I hope what is mentioned above might be of help to you! Thank you for your listening! 我希望上面提到的对你们有帮助！谢谢聆听！ 假如你是李华。为迎接“世界气象日”的到来，你们学校举办主题为“气候与人类”的英语演讲比赛，旨在号召大家积极应对全球气候变暖等一系列环境问题。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容主要包括： 1．关于气候的简要概述； 2．气候与人类的相互影响； 3．呼吁人们减少对气候的负面影响，保护环境。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一篇关于气候的演讲稿，写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇演讲稿。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是写关于人类和气候的关系，所以人称应该以第一、三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：开门见山点明主题，简要介绍气候。 第二段：阐述气候与人类之间的相互影响，尤其是人类对气候造成的严重的负面影响。 第三段：呼吁大家要采取行动停止破坏环境和影响气候。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．相互影响 interaction 2．长期的模式 long-term pattern 3．上升，上涨 rise 4．海平面 sea level 5．在同样程度上 in equal measure 6．消极的影响 negative effects 7．养成“更绿色”的习惯 form “greener” habits 8．禁止/制止不良行为 prohibit bad behaviour 9．共同努力 joint efforts 10．起作用，有影响 make a difference [连词成句] 1．我们都知道，不同于天气，气候是某个特定地区的长期天气模式。 We all know that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region. 2．气温一直在上升，海平面据估计已经上升了超过20厘米。 Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres. 3．所有这些主要是由我们人类导致的。 All of these are mainly caused by us humans. 4．通过共同的努力我们可以对气候变化产生影响。 We can make a difference to climate change by joint efforts. 第三步　句式升级 1．用it作形式主语改写句1。 It is known to us all that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region. 2．用非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3。 Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres，which are mainly caused by us humans. 3．用“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句改写句4。 Only by joint efforts can we make a difference to climate change. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 Climate and Humans Dear boys and girls， It is a great privilege for me to stand here，sharing my opinions about the interaction between climate and humans.It is known to us all that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region.It is relatively stable. However，in recent years，climate has changed a lot.Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres，which are mainly caused by us humans.In fact，climate and humans affect each other in equal measure.So those changes may bring disasters to human beings. It’s time to reduce the negative effects of human activity on climate.We individuals should form “greener” habits like cycling and using public transport.Our government can take measures to prohibit bad behaviour.In conclusion，I hold a firm belief that only by joint efforts can we make a difference to climate change. Thank you for your listening! 训练4　Integrated skills (满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Antarctica is known for being a vast land of ice and snow，a place too cold for most life.Despite this，the continent is slowly starting to turn warm.According to The Guardian，the Antarctic has registered a new high temperature for the first time on record，prompting fears of climate instability in the world’s iciest place. On Feb.9，Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75℃ on the icy continent of Antarctica.It was almost a full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8℃，taken on Signy Island(西格尼岛) in January 1982. This record-breaking reading was taken at a monitoring station in the northern part of Antarctica.According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer，the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project.The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost(永久冻土) within the region.Permafrost is soil that stays frozen for at least two years.Although this is a first record high for Antarctica，Schaefer stressed that “We can’t use this to anticipate climatic changes in the future.It’s simply a signal that something different is happening in that area.” But in fact，the last high temperature reading was in the 19℃ range.These higher temperatures can cause ice and glaciers in Antarctic regions to melt.The Antarctic peninsula(半岛)—the long finger of land that stretches towards Argentina—is most dramatically affected.Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100 meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week，leaving dark exposed rock.This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas.It’s believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin(帽带企鹅) colonies，which are dependent on sea ice. Like American writer Ernest Hemingway once said，“The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for.” We should do everything we can to help save our planet.Otherwise，it may become too hot for us to fix. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南极的气温创下历史新高，人们担心这个世界上最寒冷的地方会出现气候不稳定的情况。因此，我们应该尽我们所能帮助拯救我们的星球。 1．What did Brazilian researchers report on Feb.9? A．Seymour Island is the warmest region in the Antarctic. B．Antarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75℃. C．The average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8℃ to 20.75℃. D．Antarctica’s new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“On Feb.9，Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75℃ on the icy continent of Antarctica.”可知，2月9日，巴西研究人员报告南极洲创下了20.75℃的高温纪录。故选B。 2．What’s the main purpose of the 20-year-long research project? A．To predict possible climatic change in the future. B．To monitor Antarctica’s contributions to world climate change. C．To explain why the permafrost may cause glaciers to melt. D．To examine how the permafrost is influenced by climate change. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“...the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project.The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost(永久冻土) within the region.”可知，这个长达20年的研究项目的主要目的是研究永久冻土是如何受到气候变化的影响的。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “retreated” probably mean? A．Moved backward. B．Increased in size. C．Covered a certain area. D．Stretched in an opposite direction. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，南极半岛——延伸到阿根廷的狭长地带——受到了显著影响，该地区积雪融化，露出了岩石，由此可推知，科学家们发现冰川已经退缩了100多米，因此，可猜测画线词意思为“后退”。故选A。 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The Earth will be hotter and hotter. B．The high temperature can cause ice in Antarctica to melt. C．People should spare no effort to protect the Earth and the environment. D．A rise in sea levels can threaten the safety of coastal areas. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。最后一段引用了海明威的名言“地球是一个美好的地方，值得我们为之奋斗”，紧接着提到我们应该尽我们所能帮助拯救我们的星球。由此可知，本段主要内容是倡议人们应该不遗余力地保护地球和环境。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) China has detailed measures to boost its climate change monitoring and risk prevention capabilities，marking a significant step forward in the country’s efforts 1. (enhance) its climate resilience(气候适应性)． The country will seek to build a climate-resilient society 2. climate change monitoring and early warning capability will reach an advanced level globally and the climate risk management and prevention system will 3. (basic) mature，according to the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035，jointly 4. (publish) by 17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The first time China 5. (issue) a national climate change adaptation strategy，China took measures to prevent and control major climate-related disaster risks 6. an effective manner，and greatly improved the technical and standard system for adapting to climate change.Since then，positive results 7. (achieve) in improving adaptation to climate change in key regions and industries. As the global climate 8. (far) warms，the long-term unfavorable effects and extreme weather events brought about by climate change will pose 9. increasingly serious threat to China’s economic development.The document underlined measures to improve climate change monitoring and forecasting services，enhance assessment of climate change impacts and risks，and 10. (strength) disaster prevention. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国已经采取了详细的措施来提高气候变化监测和风险预防能力，这标志着中国在提高气候适应能力方面迈出了重要的一步。 1．答案　to enhance 解析　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词担当名词efforts的后置定语，要用不定式。故填to enhance。 2．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。句中先行词为society，关系词在定语从句中担当地点状语，要用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 3．答案　basically 解析　考查副词。修饰动词mature，要用副词形式作状语。故填basically。 4．答案　published 解析　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035与publish之间存在被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 5．答案　issued 解析　考查时态。此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词took的时态可知，从句用一般过去时。故填issued。 6．答案　in 解析　考查介词。in a(n)．..manner意为“以……方式”，为固定短语。故填in。 7．答案　have been achieved 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since then可判断，时态为现在完成时；主语为positive results，复数，和动词achieve之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填have been achieved。 8．答案　further 解析　考查副词的比较级。修饰动词warms，用副词形式。根据句意可知，此处表示随着全球气候进一步变暖，应用比较级。注意further和farther之间的区别：farther一般只用于表示有形距离，是指距离(空间)或时间上更远；而further既可表示有形距离，又可表示程度上进一步。本空为程度上进一步地。故填further。 9．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。修饰可数名词单数threat，此处是泛指，用不定冠词。由于increasingly的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 10．答案　strengthen 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处与前面的to improve...，(to) enhance...并列，作measures的后置定语，空前省略了不定式符号to。故填strengthen。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(共15分) 假定你是李华，你将参加一个以“Live a Green Life”为主题的英语演讲活动，现需写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括： 1．“绿色生活”的意义和方式； 2．发出号召。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 参考范文 Ladies and gentlemen， I’m more than honored to deliver a speech here，whose topic is “Live a Green Life”．Due to social and economic developments，human beings have damaged the environment seriously，making us faced with serious problems like global warming，frequent natural disasters.In other words，going green means protecting ourselves. Everyone can play an active part in the campaign.First of all，we can try to use public transportation or travel on foot or by bike.In addition，we are supposed to cherish what we have and make good use of water，electricity，paper，food，etc.We can start by exchanging our second-hand books with others.Finally，if possible，classify our garbage and recycle it. In short，I’d like to stress the importance of living a green life.Start now and we’ll make a difference.That’s all.Thank you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $