Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦英语语法中的倒装（Inversion）这一核心知识点，系统梳理完全倒装（如here/there等副词、地点短语置于句首）和部分倒装（如Only+状语、否定副词/短语置于句首等）的具体用法，通过高考真题短文实例引出倒装句并分类讲解，配套单句语法填空、完成句子等练习形成学习支架。 资料亮点在于理论与实例紧密结合，以2022全国甲卷书面表达为语料感知倒装应用，多样练习提升语言运用能力，阅读理解融入火星移民、鸟类录音等真实话题培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过练习回顾强化，弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition—Inversion 阅读下面的短文，画出使用倒装语序的句子，并将其归类。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达) The ocean plays an important role in our world.Not only does the ocean offer us food，but it also maintains the balance of nature.However，so seriously polluted is the ocean that many creatures in it suffer a lot and some even have died.It is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.Here are some suggestions. First of all，at no time can we throw garbage into the ocean.What’s more，it is necessary to launch campaigns to call on more people to protect it.Only through joint efforts can we make a difference to ocean protection.The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is. All in all，under no circumstances will we allow anyone continuously to pollute the ocean.Remember that to protect the ocean is to protect ourselves. 答案　 1．Not only does the ocean offer us food，but it also maintains the balance of nature. 2．However，so seriously polluted is the ocean that many creatures in it suffer a lot and some even have died. 3．Here are some suggestions. 4．First of all，at no time can we throw garbage into the ocean. 5．Only through joint efforts can we make a difference to ocean protection. 6．All in all，under no circumstances will we allow anyone continuously to pollute the ocean. 归类：完全倒装的句子有：句3。 部分倒装的句子有：句1、2、4、5、6。 主语和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装，主要包括完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装 完全倒装就是句子中全部谓语放在主语之前的一种特殊句式。完全倒装常用于下列情况： 1．副词here，there，up，down，in，out，away等置于句首，且主语是名词。 Here comes Mr Lee.李老师过来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 Down came the water from the top of the mountain.水从山顶上流了下来。 注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。 2．表示地点的短语置于句首。 To the south of the lake lies a big farm. 这片湖的南边是一座大农场。 In front of our school is a newly-built playground.我们学校前面是一座新建的游戏场。 3．主系表结构中表语置于句首，且谓语动词是be动词。 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授和许多其他客人。 Standing beside the desk was a teacher. 站在桌子旁边的是一位老师。 Seated on the ground are a group of young people.地上坐着的是一群年轻人。 二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词等)放在主语之前。用法见下表： 条件 例句 “Only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。 具有否定意义的副词或短语，如 never，nor，hardly，seldom，scarcely，at no time，in/under no circumstances，by no means，in no case等置于句首。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没犯。 “not only...but also...，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...”等结构中，否定词置于句首(这种结构中，只有前一分句用倒装)。 Not only did he buy a bike for me，but he also sent it to my house. 他不仅给我买了一辆自行车，而且还把它送到了我家。 not until开头的句子中 Not until late in the evening did he come back. 直到深夜他才回来。 “so/such...that...”引导的句子中，“so/such＋被修饰的成分”置于句首。 So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得如此之快，我们很难想象它的速度。 Such a nice man is he that we all believe him. 他是个如此好的人，以至于我们都相信他。 以so/neither/nor引导的句子，表示前面提出的情况也适合于后者。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If you don’t go，neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．At the top of the hill lies(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 2．When John looks up，here comes(come) the teacher with a look in her eyes that says what he did has been discovered. 3．Out rushed(rush) a woman with a baby in her arms after a big bang from the kitchen. 4．So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 5．—Marx looks nervous. —So do you. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．志愿者们不仅给村民们运送物资，而且还为他们建造避难所。 Not only did volunteers deliver supplies to the villagers but also they built shelters for them. 2．接着传来了这个令人不安的消息，老将军病重了。 Then came the disturbing news that the old general had become seriously ill. 3．我永远也忘不了你对我和我的家人展现的善良和温暖。 Never will I forget the kindness and warmth that you showed me and my family. 4．他如此紧张，以至于他感到舌头打结，手心出汗。 So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. 5．山脚下坐落着一所著名的中学，那是许多孩子开始追逐梦想的地方。 At the foot of the mountain lies a famous middle school，where many children begin to pursue their dreams. Ⅲ.根据汉语意思，用倒装句补全下面的短文 My Experience of Learning English Once I had no interest in English，so I often failed in English tests.Not until I came to senior high school 1.did I realize the importance of English(我才意识到英语的重要性)．I spared no effort to improve my English.2.Seldom did I feel bored during class(上课时我很少会感到无聊了)．Besides，I turned to my teacher for help.After talking with him，I learned some valuable tips：Not only 3.should I spend time remembering(我应该花时间记忆) useful words and beautiful sentences，but I should get the hang of them.4.Only by doing so can I make increasing progress(只有通过这样做我才能不断地取得进步)．With great efforts，finally，I had a good command of English and entered a key university.5.Never will I forget(我决不会忘记) my experience of learning English. 训练3　Grammar and composition (满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Jim Metzner has spent nearly five decades documenting and sharing the sounds of the world，from immersive portraits of American cities to unforgettable moments with people and wildlife in varied places. Now more people will be able to hear more of the world through Metzner’s tape.The Library of Congress announced earlier this month that it has acquired the full body of his life’s work.The recordings include soundscapes of every description from around the world and interviews with scientists，artists and local people.Whereas many recordists focus entirely on a single subject—nature，music or science—Metzner’s recordings convey various human experiences accompanied by the vast range of sounds from the natural world. Metzner’s career began with a moment of realization in the 1970s，when he first ventured onto the campus of UMass Amherst equipped with a stereo recorder，microphone and ear phones.Metzner recalled pushing the red button and hearing a lifelike symphony: a couple walking and talking nearby，a bicycle riding through gravel，a bird flying overhead，bells in the distance.“And I was going like，‘Wow，this is amazing.What an extraordinary coincidence！’” he recalled.“But it wasn’t a coincidence—this stuff was happening all the time.I just hadn’t been paying attention to it.And it was the microphone and the recorder that said，‘Wake up...you live in a world of sound.Here it is.’ And it was，like，handing it to me on a plate.” Metzner continued to focus on those moments over the years.Now in his 70s，Metzner isn’t hanging up his microphone quite yet.He tells NPR he’s grateful to the Library of Congress for preserving his life’s work，which he describes as a deep honor.But he also wants to make sure it’s actually being heard，not just “buried in an archive(档案室)”． He hopes more people will get to experience—and recognize the value—of soundscapes，which he describes as “part of our natural heritage” and “the touchstones to our feelings”． “You can go to a museum and see Diane Arbus’ photographs.You can see Rene Magritte’s paintings，” he adds.“Why not soundscapes？” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是吉姆·梅茨纳的录音作品被图书馆收录以及开始记录自然之声的经历。 1．What is special about Metzner’s recordings? A．They describe the interviews with local people. B．They convey sounds from human activities. C．They display sounds on different subjects. D．They focus entirely on a single subject. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，梅茨纳的录音的特别之处在于它们展示不同主题的声音。故选C。 2．What inspired Metzner to take up the recording career? A．A symphony he heard on the campus of UMass Amherst. B．A sound-rich moment on the campus of UMass Amherst. C．A realization that he was well equipped with recording devices. D．A coincidence that he happened to be waken up by the recorder. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，激发梅茨纳从事录音事业的是在马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的校园里的一个充满声音的时刻，故选B。 3．Which aspect does Metzner value most about his life’s work? A．The Library of Congress has preserved it. B．It has recorded unforgettable moments. C．It can become our natural heritage. D．More people can actually hear it. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“But he also wants to make sure it’s actually being heard，not just ‘buried in an archive(档案室)’．”以及倒数第二段可知，关于他毕生的作品，梅茨纳最看重的是更多的人可以听到它。故选D。 4．What does Metzner probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Soundscapes are every bit as much of an art form. B．More and more people choose to appreciate soundscapes. C．Photographs and paintings are recognized as natural heritage. D．The value of soundscapes deserves more recognition than others. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“see Diane Arbus’ photographs”“see Rene Magritte’s paintings”以及“Why not soundscapes？”可知，梅茨纳在最后一段的意思是声音景观也是一种艺术形式。故选A。 B “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds...Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.I’m convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking，spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017，a year before his death. Hawking was not alone in this view.Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize(移民于) other planets.That way，if a terrible disease，nuclear war or some other disaster strikes Earth，civilization as we know it would still have a chance.Mars is one of the most attractive destinations.NASA，the United Arab Emirates，the private company SpaceX，and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there.“Either we spread Earth to other planets，or we risk going extinct，” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013. But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan.The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous.It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there，let alone set up a place for them to live.It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet. Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth，like dealing with poverty or climate change.Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid(小行星) strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition，moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.Mars seems uninhabited，but it could possibly host micro-organism like.Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment.Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有些专家认为为了人类和人类文明的延续，人类应该离开地球，移民去其他星球，尤其是去火星。而一些人认为这样的计划不仅昂贵而且危险，甚至还会破坏火星的生态。 5．Why did the author mention NASA，the United Arab Emirates，SpaceX and Mars One? A．To stress the risk of dying out on Earth. B．To provide evidence for Hawking’s theory. C．To show growing intention of moving to Mars. D．To explain the advanced technology in astronomy. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mars is one of the most attractive destinations.NASA，the United Arab Emirates，the private company SpaceX，and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there.”可知，这么多机构都计划着让人类移民火星，也就是表明了不断增长的移民火星的意图。故选C。 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．It is costly or risky to colonize Mars. B．Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth. C．Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle. D．All the time and money should be spent on Earth. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous.”可知，去火星太贵或太危险了。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “uninhabited” mean in the last paragraph? A．Not steady to keep. B．Not fit to live on. C．Not easy to approach. D．Not safe to set foot on. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Mars seems uninhabited，but it could possibly host micro-organism like.”可知，“but”后表明火星可以给微生物提供生存之地，那么“but”前可能说明火星无法提供生存或居住的地方，也就是火星可能是不适合生存或居住的。故选B。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Mars，Our Future Planet B．Moving to a New Planet C．Should We Colonize Mars? D．Stay Home or Outer Space? 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。文章第一段用Stephen Hawking的话“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.”引出话题，我们可能需要去其他星球来拯救我们自己；文章第二段表明很多人和组织支持移民火星的计划；第三、四、五段分析了移民火星的代价和危害。综合这些段落可知，整篇文章主要讲了我们是否应该移民火星。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Possibly the most helpful and joy-bringing app I’ve added to my phone lately is Merlin，a free bird identification program 1. (create) by the Cornell University Lab of Ornithology. There are many features the app offers，and my favorite is the birdsong listening feature,2.______________ you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs. Hearing birdsong is a 3. (remind) that we’re not alone in the great outdoors—or in life.Taking a walk outdoors，I never cease to be 4. (pleasant) surprised to encounter far more birds than I thought.I also enjoy hearing different calls show up as 5. same species，evidence that the birds are communicating with each other. The sense of calm，well-being and pleasure that I feel when I’m hearing birdsong 6.________________(support) by research.One study looked at 26,000 individuals in 26 European countries and found remarkably 7. (high) life-satisfaction among those who lived near diverse bird habitats.A fascinating finding was that 8. (see) 10 percent more bird species generated similar satisfaction to comparable increase in income. So，when you take a walk outdoors or go for a hike,9. (listen) for the birds that share your space.Perhaps you can be inspired by this Chinese proverb(谚语): “Keep a green tree in your heart,10. perhaps a singing bird will come.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款免费的鸟类识别程序，并介绍了其功能以及听鸟鸣的好处。 1．答案　created 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，create与逻辑主语a free bird identification program之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。 2．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the birdsong listening feature，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 3．答案　reminder 解析　考查名词。空处作表语，结合空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用单数名词reminder。故填reminder。 4．答案　pleasantly 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词surprised应用副词作状语，故填pleasantly。 5．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。表示“同一”，短语为the same。故填the。 6．答案　is supported 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语The sense of calm，well-being and pleasure与谓语support之间构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数，be动词也用单数。故填is supported。 7．答案　higher 解析　考查形容词的比较级。此处将住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人的生活满意度和没有住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人的生活满意度相比较，high应用比较级形式。故填higher。 8．答案　seeing 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作从句的主语，see应用动名词形式。故填seeing。 9．答案　listen 解析　考查动词。此处主句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故填listen。 10．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，此处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句与后面陈述句之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $