Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理重点词汇（如filter, capture等）、拓展词汇（通过构词法延伸，如geology→geological→geologist）及阅读词汇（如probe, marine），以“写重点-悟拓展-认阅读”分层设计，结合短语搭配、派生词及语境例句构建学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，如拓展词汇通过词形变化强化词汇网络构建，一词多义练习（如crack的动词“破裂”与名词“裂缝”）提升分析推断能力，写作佳句（如节日演变话题）助力词汇应用。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习（单词拼写、语法填空）帮助学生巩固查漏，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．filter n．滤器，过滤器；滤光器，滤声器；筛选(过滤)程序 vt.过滤；(用程序)筛选 vi.缓行；慢慢传开，走漏；渗入，透过 2．capture vt.俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得 n．(被)捕获，(被)俘获 3．backward-curving adj.向后弯曲的 4．fluid n．液体，流体 adj.流畅优美的；易变的，不稳定的；流动的 5．await vt.等候，等待；将发生在，将降临到(某人头上) 6．leap n．跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增 vt.& vi.(leapt，leapt)跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做(某事)；骤增，猛涨 7．spin vi. & vt.(spun，spun)(使)快速旋转；(使)急转身；纺(线) n．高速旋转 8．crack vt.& vi.砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；(使)发出爆裂声 n．裂缝；缝隙，窄缝；爆裂声 9．innermost adj.最靠近中心的，最深处的；内心深处的 10．pave the way for 为……铺平道路，创造条件 11．leap year闰年 12．lay down积存；放下，停止使用；规定，制定 13．as yet直到现在 14．close up (使)变狭窄；(使)靠拢，靠紧；(尤指临时)关门停业 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．geology n．地质；地质学→geological (also geologic) adj.地质的→geologist n．地质学专家 2．form v．(使)形成；构成，是……组成部分 n．表格；形状，外形→formation n．组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形 3．evolve vi.& vt.进化，演化；(使)逐渐形成，逐渐演变→evolution n．进化；演变；发展 4．sole adj.单独的；唯一的；专有的，独占的→solely adv.仅，只，单独地 5．reproduce v．生殖，繁殖；复制→reproduction n．生殖，繁殖；复制；(声音的)录制；(尤指艺术品的)复制品 6．scarce adj.缺乏的，稀少的→scarcely adv.几乎不，简直不 7．pave vt.(用砖石)铺(地)→pavement n．人行道；石板铺的地面；路面 8．tide n．潮汐；潮流，趋势；时机→tidal adj.潮汐的，有潮的 9．gravitation n．引力→gravitational adj.引力的，重力引起的 10．alter vt.& vi.(使)改变，更改；修改(衣服使更合身)→alternative adj.可替代的 n．可供选择的事物，替代物 11．mine n．矿井，矿→miner n．矿工；采矿机→mining n．采矿；采矿业 12．thrive vi.茁壮成长，蓬勃发展→thriving adj. 兴旺的，旺盛的，繁荣的 13．enlighten vt. 启发；开导→enlightening adj.让人受启发的→enlightened adj.开明的；觉悟的；有见识的 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．China’s Tianwen-1 probe has sent back data from Mars，which will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.空间探测器 2．Wearing the submersible to dive to the ocean，we can see much marine life.海的 3．There was a time when my best friend walked with me along the beach at twilight altering my bad mood.黄昏 4．The role of the Internet is to entertain and inform in equal measure.在同样程度上 5．They have been best mates since school.They used to capture small creatures in the field together.朋友 6．This kind of shrimp is so scarce that scarcely do we see them in our daily life.虾 7．To find out the cause，the engineer removes the vent’s protective grating and crawls inside. 出口 8．The internal structure of the Earth is made up of the crust，mantle and core.地壳　地幔 9．Mirage，a phenomenon is said to often happen on hot sunny days in deserts，or at sea.蜃景 10．Mirage is not a fantasy but an optical phenomenon that makes people see something that is actually not there.光学的 formation n．组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形 (form v．形成，构成，组成；养成，培养 n．表格；形状，外形；形式) •form the habit of...养成……的习惯 •fill in the form填表 a form of 一种……的形式 in the form of...以……的形式 be in/out of form处于良好的/不良的状态 (1)Family environment is a key factor in the formation(form) of children’s character. (2)Fill in the form and write down your name，address and occupation and send it to us before the deadline. [写作佳句] (3)(话题写作之学校生活)为了提高学习效率，我主张我们大家养成独立思考和及时复习功课的习惯。 In order to improve learning efficiency，I urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time. (4)(话题写作之运动与健康)步行是保持健康和减肥的最简单的一种锻炼形式。 Walking is the simplest form of exercise to stay healthy and lose weight. evolve vi.& vt.进化，演化；(使)逐渐形成，逐渐演变(evolution n．进化；演变；发展) evolve into逐步发展成，逐渐演变成 evolve from由……进化而来 (1)It is recorded that Kunqu Opera evolved from the Kunshan Melody in the Yuan Dynasty. (2)In the research，scientists try to find out what plays an important role in human evolution(evolve)． [写作佳句] (3)(话题写作之传统文化)随着时间的推移，诸如元宵节等许多节日的庆祝活动逐渐演变成现在的形式。 Over time，many celebrations of festivals such as the Lantern Festival gradually evolved into their present forms. in equal measure 在同样程度上(measure vt.估量，判定；测量 linking v．量度为 n．措施；衡量) take measures to do sth采取措施做某事 make...to sb’s measure给某人量身定做…… (1)The tailor measured me carefully and made a suit to my measure. (2)There are some tall trees on the hill，some measuring(measure) 30 meters. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我同样衷心感谢我的每一位朋友和老师。 My heartfelt gratitude is due in equal measure to each of my friends and teachers. (4)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)该是我们采取有效措施保护我们的海洋免受进一步污染的时候了。 It is high time for us to take effective measures to protect our oceans from being further polluted. 用法点拨　(1)measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。 (2)measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。 leap n．跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增 vt.& vi.(leapt，leapt)跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做(某事)；骤增，猛涨 •take a leap 跳跃 •leap out of 跃出 leap/jump with joy 欢呼雀跃，欣喜若狂 (1)Upon hearing the sound of crack，he took a flying leap and ran out of his room. [写作佳句] (2)一只海豚跃出水面，吸引了很多的游客前来观看。 A dolphin leapt out of the water，attracting many visitors to come and watch. (3)(读后续写之情感描写)卖完了爆米花，伯纳德欣喜若狂，热泪盈眶。 Selling out all the popcorn，Bernard leapt with joy，with tears filling his eyes. enlightening adj.让人受启发的(enlighten vt.启发；开导 enlightened adj.开明的；有见识的) enlighten sb with...以……启发某人 enlighten sb about/on sth使某人明白某事 (1)My enlightened Chinese teacher always enlightens us with some enlightening fables，which interest us a lot.(enlighten) [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之升华句)昨天发生的那件事使我明白了一个道理：即使是一个小的善举也能对困境中的人产生很大的影响。 The incident that happened yesterday enlightened me about/on a principle：even a small act of kindness can make a great difference to people in need. Ⅰ.一词多义 reproduction A.生殖，繁殖　B.复制　C.声音的录制　D.尤指艺术品的复制品 1．Unauthorized reproduction of this publication is strictly forbidden. B 2．It’s said that digital recording could give excellent sound reproduction. C 3．He can’t afford to buy an authentic work.This must be a reproduction. D 4．With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction. A crack A.v.破裂，裂开　B.v.砸开，砸碎　C.n.爆裂声　D.n.裂缝 5．The cup I bought last week has a crack inside，so I ask for the refund. D 6．Be careful! The ice is not thick enough，and it may crack once you step onto it. A 7．A crack of thunder this early morning woke me from my sweet dream. C 8．Out of curiosity，the boy cracked the golden egg open without permission. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The company has captured 90% of the market and it is really a great success.夺得；赢得 2．She was so upset that she telephoned her best friend to vent her frustration.发泄 3．Due to great efforts，his painting became more fluid and attractive.流畅优美的 4．The shares leapt in value from 476p to close at 536p.骤增，剧增 5．Klein，a noted historian of technology，spins a narrative(叙述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel.(2022·浙江1月，B)陈述，描述 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The car wheels spun(快速旋转) and slipped on some oil. 2．After only a year，cracks(裂痕) started to appear in their marriage. 3．There is a group of monkeys in the innermost(最靠近中心的) depths of the forest. 4．By altering the angular arrangement of the bars，it has been possible to create a filter(过滤器)． 5．It is enlightening(让人受启发的) for teachers’professional development and educational scientific researches in China. 6．The company looks forward to capturing the Canadian market. 7．School life has a great influence on the formation of a child’s character. 8．Something that awaits you is going to happen or come to you in the future. 9．Many Victorians were shocked by the view that Man had evolved from lower forms of life. 10．The deer population in this town is thriving after the government has taken a series of measures. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction. 2．Hearing the exciting news that she won the competition，she leapt with joy. 3．Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely(sole) because of their gender. 4．Human beings are not some casual and meaningless product of evolution(evolve)． 5．Without clear goals，one may lose direction and cannot pave the way for their future. 6．Scientists have drilled very deep holes but none of them have reached the mantle as yet. 7．Scarcely(scarce) had she put the piece into her mouth when she fell down dead upon the ground. 8．Tidal(tide) records laid down in ancient river mouths reveal different lengths of days and years in the past. 9．Many insects function as pollinators，and many plants rely on them for help with reproduction(reproduce)． 10．Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure，whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $