Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

该高中英语课件围绕“微生物的影响、来源及健康应用”展开，通过速读理解文意与篇章结构、细读深挖细节、读后语法填空的分层设计，搭建从整体感知到细节分析再到语言应用的学习支架，衔接课文理解与语言知识巩固。 其亮点在于以长句难句分析（如非限制性定语从句、现在分词作状语）提升语言能力，通过“补句子析结构”“研典句学用法”培养思维品质，结合词块默写、单句仿写（如强调谓语、while让步状语从句）强化学习能力。实例包括语法填空巩固语法点，组句成篇整合所学，助力学生分层掌握，教师可直接用于课堂教学，提高效率。

Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading Fun with science Unit 4 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　基础知识达标 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the blog post? A.The introduction of the microorganisms and how they affect human health. B.The potential of the microorganisms. C.The source of the microorganisms. D.The influence of the microorganisms. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Introduction Para.1：Microorganisms influence our l.__________ in big unexpected ways. body and mind Main body Para.2：Our microorganisms come from 2.__________ as well as the 3. . Paras.3-4：Microorganisms influence our 4._________ health as well as 5. and 6.________________ . Para.5：Microorganisms can be used to improve 7. . our mother external environment physical cognitive psychological well-being human health Conclusion Para.6：The world of microorganisms is filled with 8. waiting to be explored. possibilities Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Which life stage contributes most to our microorganisms? A.At two. B.At birth. C.In adulthood. D.During teenage years. √ 2.What can we know from the passage? A.Some microorganisms can be seen with our eyes. B.The human microbiome mostly benefits our health. C.The human microbiome completely stays constant throughout our lives. D.The human microbiome all comes from the various circumstances of our lives. √ 3.What influence do the microorganisms have on us? A.Only the immune system. B.Merely the function of the brain. C.Mostly our weight and sleep patterns. D.Our physical，cognitive and psychological health. √ 4.If you felt nervous，how would your gut microorganisms respond? A.Delightfully. B.Comfortably. C.Harmfully. D.Slowly. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Microorganisms live with us，make 1. about two per cent of an adult’s body mass，yet are invisible to the naked eye.It is estimated that 39 trillion microorganisms are living in and on our body，2. compose the human microbiome！Even though 3. (incredible) small，these microorganisms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways. which up incredibly Our microorganisms come from our mother 4. we are born.At the age of two，we have our very own personal collection of microorganisms that reflects the various circumstances of our lives.Microorganisms are 5. inseparable part of our body which affect us physically， 6. (include) our immune system，weight and sleep patterns. They also influence our cognitive and 7. (psychology) well-being. when an including psychological 8. (give) their importance，scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health.They have found ways to improve the immune system through microbiome 9. (transplant) and have developed a whole new class of medicines.In some ways，the human microbiome is just like an invisible microuniverse waiting 10. (explore) further in the future. 返 回 Given transplants to be explored 难句分析 长句 15 1.They are the (estimate) 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body，like (bacterium) and viruses，which compose the human microbiome！(P44，Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句。which引导 从句，living in and on our body是现在分词作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 它们是生活在我们体内和体表的约39万亿个微生物，如细菌和病毒，它们构成了人类的微生物群系！ estimated bacteria 主从复合 非限制性定语 后置定语 2.Going through life，we further expose ourselves foreign microorganisms，which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day.(P44，Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句。which引导 从句，现在分词短语Going through life作 。 汉语翻译：____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 在我们的一生中，我们会进一步接触到外来微生物，这会导致我们的微生物群每天都会发生局部变化。 to 主从复合 非限制性定语 状语 3.Every day，the resident microorganisms in our body compete the invading ones，preventing them from getting a foothold，thus helping form strong immune system and keep us healthy.(P44，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。现在分词短语preventing them from getting a foothold作 ，helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy作 。 汉语翻译：____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 每天，我们体内的常驻微生物都会与入侵微生物竞争，阻止它们立足，从而帮助形成一个强大的免疫系统，让我们保持健康。 with a 简单 伴随状语 结果状语 4.Besides (help) digest food，evidence (indicate) that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond chemicals that make us feel hungry or full.(P44，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。第一个that引导 从句，we store fat是省略了 的 从句，第二个that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 除了帮助消化食物外，有证据表明，肠道微生物还影响我们储存脂肪和对让我们感到饥饿或饱腹的化学物质作出反应的方式。 helping indicates to 主从复合 宾语 that/in which 定语 限制性定语 5.While scientists are still at the early stages of uncovering (exact) how gut microorganisms communicate the brain，they do know that the brain and the gut “talk” to each other.(P45，Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。while引导 从句，how和that引导 从句，do强调 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 虽然科学家们还处于探究肠道微生物如何与大脑沟通的初期阶段，但他们的确知道大脑和肠道会相互“交谈”。 exactly with 主从复合 让步状语 宾语 谓语动词 6.Given their (important)，scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage microorganisms within the field of human health.(P45，Para.5) 结构分析：此句为 句。介词given表示“ ”，how引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 鉴于微生物的重要性，科学家们正在努力研究在人类健康领域利用微生物的方法。 importance of 主从复合 鉴于 宾语 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 But there is no need to panic，for most of them are there to keep us healthy.(P44，Para.1) 不过没必要恐慌，因为它们大多数都是对健康有益的。 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。There is no need to do sth意为“没必要做某事”。for引导原因状语从句，从句中含有“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 There is/was no need to do sth 常用的类似句式还有： There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There is no difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有困难。 (1)(应用文写作之建议信)事实上，每个人都可能会经历一段似乎诸事不顺的时期，因此不必太担心。 Actually，everyone may go through a time when things seem to be going wrong，so . there is no need to worry so much (2)(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)毫无疑问，通过这次活动，我们对谚语“不劳则无获”有了更好的理解。 ______________________________________________________________ the saying “no pain，no gain”. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，光心烦意乱而不采取任何措施没有任何意义。 From my point of view，_________________________________________ . There is no doubt that through this activity，we have a better understanding of there is no point/sense (in) getting upset without taking any measures (4)积累了大量的资金和人力资源，这家公司在国内市场立足没有困难。 With a lot of funds and human resources accumulated，______________ in the home market for the company. there is no difficulty (in) getting a foothold 课文重点词块默写 1.组成 ________ 2.经历；通过 __________ 3.使……接触…… ___________ 4.和……竞争 ____________ 5.阻止……做…… __________________ 6.在……中起重要作用 ________________ 7.熬夜 _______ 8.很可能做…… ______________ make up go through expose...to... compete with prevent...from doing play a vital role in stay up be likely to do... 9.信不信由你 ______________ 10.在……的早期 ___________________ 11.利用 ________________ 12.导致；引起 __________ 13.能够 ____________ 14.摆脱；除去 _________ believe it or not at the early stages of take advantage of give rise to be capable of get rid of 返 回 知识达标 基础 28 1.过去的几年已经见证了技术在各个方面给我们带来的奇迹。(定语从句) The past few years has witnessed the miracles ________________________ . 2.随着互联网系统的稳步发展，方便交流的梦想已经实现，让我们随时与朋友保持面对面的联系。(现在分词短语作状语) With steady development of the Internet system，the dream of convenient communication has been realized，_________________________________ . 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) that/which technology has brought to us in varieties of aspects allowing us to stay in contact with friends face to face anytime 3.能生活在这样一个高度发达的时代，我确实感到很幸运。(强调谓语动词) to live in such a highly-developed era. 4.尽管互联网给我们带来了很多方便，但是许多青少年将自己与社会隔绝，增加了他们的孤独感。(while引导让步状语从句) ，some teenagers isolated themselves from society，adding to their isolation. I do feel fortunate While the Internet has brought us a lot of convenience 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ As we can see，the past few years has witnessed the miracles that/ which technology has brought to us in varieties of aspects.With steady development of the Internet system，the dream of convenient communication has been realized，allowing us to stay in contact with friends face to face anytime.I do feel fortunate to live in such a highly-developed era. However，every coin has two sides.While the Internet has brought us a lot of convenience，some teenagers isolated themselves from society，adding to their isolation. 返 回 本课结束 $