Unit 1 Section Ⅳ (1) Non defining attributive clauses（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—Non­defining attributive clauses 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的题目 The popular film，Titanic，is about a beautiful and sad love story,1.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman,2.who went to America with her mother.Jack,3.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 4.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Everyone will be moved by the selfless way 5.in which most people can’t behave in real life.Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.6.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 7.why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story. [自主发现] 以上语段中的黑体部分均为定语从句，其中句1,2,3和6是非限制性定语从句，其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。as引导的定语从句一般放于句首，通常译为“正如”。 非限制性定语从句 与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。现从以下三个方面讲解非限制性定语从句的用法： 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整。 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整。 结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号。 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。 功能 修饰先行词。 修饰先行词或整个主句。 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词。 关系代词that及关系副词why除外。 省略情况 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 所有关系词均不可省略。 译法 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的”。 通常翻译成主句的并列句。 We visited the school where we studied two years ago. 我们参观了我们两年前就读的那所学校。(限制性定语从句，起限定作用) The house，which we bought last year，lies in the centre of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们去年买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子) The house which/that we bought last year lies in the centre of the city. 我们去年买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意) 二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题 1．非限制性定语从句不用that引导。 I am fond of the novel，which you bought for me.我喜欢那本小说，就是你给我买的那本。 2．非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。 The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given. 他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as which 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As we all know，the Earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 The singer，as was expected，achieved great success.正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容) 他开会迟到了，董事长为此非常生气。 [点津]　as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构： as is said above如上所述 as is known to all众所周知 as has been said before如之前所说 as is often the case情况常常如此 as you can see正如你看到的那样 as is already mentioned above正如上边已经提到的那样 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．There are many badges on the table，most of which are new. 2．The girl with curly hair lost her badge，which annoyed her much. 3．Opposite is a concert hall，where you can hear some lovely music. 4．As is known to all，it takes more than good looks to succeed as an actor. 5．The grinning clown that/who/whom he met in the circus was his employer. 6．The composer，whose works were best loved，once worked in this amusement park. 7．The clown doctor，who wears a curly wig，is popular with the little patients in the hospital. 8．Many lessons are now available online，from which students can choose for free. Ⅱ.完成下列读后续写片段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法 我倒在地上，躺在血泊中。幸运的是，离我们不远的两名猎人听到了我们的尖叫声。他们冲到我们所在的地方。一看到所发生的事和仍然在我身后的水域中漂浮的鳄鱼，其中一个人朝空中开了一枪。正如所期望的那样，鳄鱼被吓跑了。然后，我失去了知觉，两名猎人急忙把我送到医院。 I fell onto the ground，lying in a pool of blood.Fortunately，our screams were heard by two hunters 1.who were not far away from us.They dashed over to the place 2.where we were.On seeing what happened and the crocodile，3.which was still floating in the water behind me，one of them fired a shot in the air.4.As was/had been expected，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I lost consciousness,5.which made the two hunters rush me to hospital. 训练5　Using language(A) 分值：55分 Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．The student，as was expected，made great progress in his English. 2．I had told them the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting. 3．The glasses，without which he was like a blind man，are broken. 4．The old lady has two daughters，one of whom is working abroad. 5．He is a man of rich experience，from whom we can learn much. 6．We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day. 7．You should keep a diary every day，which I think is a good way to record the mood. 8．You will have to wait for one more week，when the manager will be back from his trip. 9．As is shown in the report，people’s living standard has improved over the past decades. 10．Mo Yan，most of whose novels have been adapted for films，is now a world-famous writer. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分) 1．To be frank，I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talk with me. 说实话，我不喜欢你跟我讲话的方式。 2．They have got three children，all of whom have a strong passion for music. 他们有三个孩子，所有孩子都很热爱音乐。 3．It was raining heavily last night，which prevented me from going to the party. 昨晚雨下得很大，这使我不能去参加晚会。 4．Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.” 正如谚语所说：“失败是成功之母。” 5．The reason why/for which I am phoning you is to consult some academic questions. 我给你打电话是想咨询一些学术上的问题。 Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Australians are pretty bold(大胆的) when it comes to humour.Not afraid of saying something insulting(冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh，they generally don’t hold back.This is always done in fun，however. You get yourself a haircut before going to meet your new Aussie friend.You’re expecting to be praised，but what you hear is，“Did ya have a fight with a lawnmower(割草机)？” You might take this as an insult，but it’s just your friend’s way of saying that you’ve had a haircut. Your friend comes knocking at your bedroom door one morning to tell you’re late for class.You were up studying late the night before and you look a mess.Your friend thinks you need to put a brush through your hair before leaving，but instead of just saying so he says，“Wow.Your hair looks like a bush pig’s arse.” He’s trying to be nice. Australia is one of the cultures on this planet where making fun of someone is a sign of friendship.If you find yourself being made fun of lots，it could be that you’ve scored yourself a whole lot of new friends.Consider yourself lucky—these insults are all part of building a relationship. Australians also use a lot of sarcasm(讽刺)．You foolishly say something that’s obvious.For example，“A six pack of beer is named after the number of beers you get in the pack，the number being six.” A normal answer would be，“That is the most obvious statement I’ve ever heard”，but an Australian would say，“Really? You’re so clever.” Now let’s say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day.Australians might say，“Great.I can’t wait to add preparing for a test to my already long to-do list.Thank you for this gift.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。在澳大利亚文化中，开一些看似冒犯性的玩笑其实是表达友好和幽默，取笑别人是友谊的象征，澳大利亚人也会经常使用讽刺。 1．What does the author advise you to do when you are laughed at by an Australian? A．Accept it readily. B．Fight back bravely. C．Mind your behaviour. D．End the relationship. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Not afraid of saying something insulting(冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh，they generally don’t hold back.This is always done in fun，however.”和第四段可推知，当你被澳大利亚人嘲笑时，作者建议你应该欣然接受。故选A。 2．According to paragraphs 2 and 3，how do Australians try to be humorous? A．By telling funny jokes. B．By making fun of friends. C．By laughing at themselves. D．By showing unfriendliness. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。通读第二和第三段尤其是“Did ya have a fight with...”以及“Wow.Your hair looks...arse”可知，澳大利亚人试图通过取笑朋友来显得幽默。故选B。 3．What do Australians want to express by saying “Thank you for this gift” in the last paragraph? A．Dislike. B．Worry. C．Gladness. D．Thankfulness. 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Australians also use a lot of sarcasm(讽刺)．”和最后一段第一句“Now let’s say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day.”可知，澳大利亚人说“谢谢你的礼物”是想表达很讨厌这次考试。故选A。 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By telling stories. B．By making comparisons. C．By providing examples. D．By examining differences. 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。根据第二段和第三段列举的相关的例子；第五段最后两句以及最后一段举出相关例子可知，文章是通过举例来展开的。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Have you ever been to Ocean Park，which is situated on the southern side of Hong Kong Island? It is one of the 1. (large) marine parks in the world 2. (cover) more than 870,000 square metres. With about 30 years of history，Ocean Park has become one of the major tourist 3.__________(attraction) in Asia.Apart from entertaining visitors with thrill rides and a wide variety of shows，the park prides 4. (it) on its education and conservation programs. Ocean Park consists of two sections，the Headland and the Lowland，which 5.__________(connect) by a 1.5 km-long cable car(缆车) system offering wonderful views of the southern side of Hong Kong and the South China Sea.The Headland is known 6. its many thrill rides including the Dragon，Eagle，Crazy Galleon，Ferris Wheel，Ocean Park Tower and so on.The Headland also contains the Ocean Theatre,7. dolphins and sea lions amuse visitors each day with their lively performances.Providing more 8. (enjoy) and education are the world-class Atoll Reef Aquarium(水族馆)，the Shark Aquarium and the Pacific Pier. At the Lowland，visitors can take a ride on 9. big hot-air balloon that is 22 metres in diameter which takes them high into the air.Visitors can also see the giant pandas 10._________(give) by the Central Government of China at the Hong Kong Jockey Club Giant Panda Habitat. 1．答案　largest 解析　考查形容词最高级。根据上文one of the以及句意“它是世界上最大的海洋公园之一”可知应用最高级。故填largest。 2．答案　covering 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，cover与其逻辑主语it之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填covering。 3．答案　attractions 解析　考查名词复数。attraction在此表示“有吸引力的地方”，是可数名词。此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构，意为“……之一”，故填attractions。 4．答案　itself 解析　考查代词。短语pride oneself on (doing) sth意为“以(做)某事而自豪，对某事物感到得意”。故填itself。 5．答案　are connected 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词sections，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，与从句谓语动词之间构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用复数。故填are connected。 6．答案　for 解析　考查介词。短语be known for意为“因……而出名”。故填for。 7．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Ocean Theatre，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 8．答案　enjoyment 解析　考查名词。作动词provide的宾语，应用名词enjoyment，不可数。故填enjoyment。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。balloon为可数名词，此处为泛指，且big的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案　given 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与其逻辑主语the giant pandas之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填given。 训练6　Using language(B) 分值：35分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Imagine that you’ve just experienced something unpleasant—your friend has forgotten your birthday, you’ve been rejected for a new job, or you’ve just woken up after a long holiday and remembered you need to go to work.How would you typically respond to those feelings? You might try to tell yourself that it doesn’t matter, and not to let it get to you.This tendency could be described as “mood shame”： The belief that having bad feelings is a personal failing. Continually looking on the bright side of life might seem strong, even courageous.While it’s natural that we might prefer to avoid uncomfortable feelings like disappointment, worry, anger, or sadness, a recent psychological research supports the idea that they serve useful purposes in our lives.By learning to see that value and accept those feelings without judgment, we may enjoy better physical and mental health. Consider anxiety.We may assume that anxious feelings destroy our concentration and reduce our performance on difficult tasks—that we can only succeed in an exam or an interview if we learn to relax.Alternatively, we can see the feeling as a source of energy.Besides, disappointment may make us feel unpleasant—but you could recognize that the emotion helps us to learn from our mistakes.And by assigning a more positive meaning to the feeling and acknowledging its potential uses—rather than feeling it is somehow unhealthy—you might change the brain and the body’s responses to an upset. Rather than judging yourself toughly for bad feelings, you might lean into that bad mood, and allow yourself the self-care you need to get through it.Without fighting the emotions, you could start to question whether those feelings have value.Perhaps they’ll help you to identify an important change in your life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在我们生活中不可避免的会有一些负面情绪，那么我们该如何正确对待呢？ 1．What do the underlined words “get to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Bother. B．Cheat. C．Scare. D．Inspire. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段首句中一些不愉快的经历和第二段“You might try...and not to let it get to you.”可推知，这里指不要把不愉快的事情当一回事，不要让它们烦扰自己，结合选项词语，“bother烦扰”符合题意。故选A项。 2．What can we learn from the psychological research in paragraph 3? A．Being negative leads to bad health. B．Being positive means having courage. C．Positive feelings improve working efficiency. D．Negative feelings may have positive effects. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“...a recent psychological research supports the idea that they serve useful purposes in our lives...we may enjoy better physical and mental health.”可知负面情绪可能有积极的影响。故选D项。 3．How does the author prove his idea in paragraph 4? A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples. C．By presenting research results. D．By making definitions. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Consider anxiety.We may assume ...or an interview if we learn to relax.”可知作者在第四段中通过举例证明了他的观点。故选B项。 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The causes of bad feelings. B．The evaluation of bad feelings. C．The consequences of bad feelings. D．The suggestions for handling bad feelings. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段“Rather than judging yourself toughly for bad feelings，you might ...”可知本段主要讲述了处理不良情绪的建议。故选D项。 B People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others.Dr.Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others. We have become too reliant on intelligence, beauty, and money for our own self-esteem.The loss of esteem reduces the will and ability to set and reach goals.In a series of readings，Douglas teaches how to avoid negative statements, how to change them into self-facing behavior, and how to take charge of your mental attitude.Where other motivational and self-help works stop with the theoretical plan for success, Douglas takes everyday examples and puts them into his books.From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations. Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction.These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control.People who feel they have adequate esteem can learn to use it to make their success grander, faster, and more beneficial for others.Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others. For more than thirty years, Dr.Douglas has addressed more than two million people on topics from time management to speaking effectively to raising drug-free children.He is the author of fifteen books, including How to Make a Habit of Succeeding. 5．What can we infer from paragraph 1? A．Most people behave well enough. B．Self-respect means being above normality. C．Self-esteem matters much. D．Committing better equals greater success. 答案　 C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段首句以及“but with love and self-respect anyone can...grasp success with...”可知，第一段主要讲了自尊很重要，可以帮助人们获得成功。故选C。 6．Why does Douglas put everyday examples into his books? A．To be reliant on self-esteem. B．To set and reach goals. C．To avoid negative thoughts. D．To offer concrete solutions. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，道格拉斯博士将日常案例写进书里，是为了给人们提供具体的解决方法。故选D。 7．What does the author advise those whose life is slightly out of control to do? A．Learn to be positive. B．Face it unmotivatedly. C．Admit self-destruction. D．Ask for help. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，作者建议生活有些失控的人给予自己积极的肯定并学会积极面对失败。故选A。 8．What’s the most important to be self-development? A．Influencing the individual. B．Influencing more people. C．Gaining more benefits. D．Speaking more effectively. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Douglas approaches this process of self-development...for influencing good things for others.”可知，自我发展不仅是为了影响自己，更是为了影响更多的人。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) It was a regular day for volunteer firefighter Matt Owens.As he drove home from visiting a friend，he 1 a little baby magpie(喜鹊) on the side of the road.He had no idea how special that bird would be when he 2 to investigate.Finding she had blood all over，Matt 3 her in his hands and took her home. His neighbour，a vet(兽医)，examined the injured chick 4 and pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right.Matt was excited the following morning to 5 his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive. Matt’s major 6 while Swoop recovered was his cat Mogli.Anyway，cats eat birds.It’s 7 .So he kept Swoop high up on a table.However，much to his 8 ，the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep. Meanwhile，Matt started 9 her，teaching her how to hunt for insects and slowly helping her build her 10 in flying. Matt 11 her progress and her unusual friendship with Mogli online，which went 12 .The one-in-a-million 13 of feather(羽毛) and fur won many netizens’ hearts. Despite his love for Swoop，Matt 14 that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no 15 of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马特将一只受伤的小喜鹊带回家，令人吃惊的是喜鹊和马特的猫建立了非同寻常的友谊，马特也非常喜欢这只小喜鹊，尽管如此，马特还是建议人们不要带小喜鹊回家，除非它们受伤。 1．A.treated B．deserted C．spotted D．scared 答案　C 解析　根据“As he drove home from visiting a friend”可知，此处是指马特在开车回家时无意中发现一只小喜鹊。故选C。 2．A.pulled over B．held back C．broke down D．sped up 答案　A 解析　pull over靠边停车；hold back抑制；break down坏掉，崩溃；speed up加速。根据“to investigate”可知，马特停车去看是什么情况。故选A。 3．A.trapped B．patted C．comforted D．cupped 答案　D 解析　根据“Finding she had blood all over”和“in his hands”可知，马特小心翼翼地把小喜鹊捧在手里，然后把她带回家。故选D。 4．A.hurriedly B．willingly C．curiously D．carefully 答案　D 解析　根据“pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right”可知，兽医对小鸟进行了仔细的检查。故选D。 5．A.wish B．find C．perceive D．believe 答案　B 解析　根据“Matt was excited”和“his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive”可知，第二天早上马特发现小鸟还活着，所以很激动。故选B。 6．A.concern B．fault C．decision D．delight 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，小喜鹊恢复期间，猫最让马特担心。故选A。 7．A.routine B．mystery C．education D．nature 答案　D 解析　根据“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，猫吃小鸟是猫的天性。故选D。 8．A.disappointment B．embarrassment C．amazement D．sadness 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，猫吃小鸟是天性，再结合“the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep”可知，猫的表现让马特很惊讶。故选C。 9．A.caging B．training C．accompanying D．feeding 答案　B 解析　根据“teaching her how to hunt for insects”可知，马特开始训练小喜鹊。故选B。 10．A.character B．confidence C．pride D．career 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Finding she had blood all over”可知，小喜鹊受了很重的伤，导致无法飞行；由此推知，马特训练喜鹊时帮助她建立飞行的信心。故选B。 11．A.translated B．exposed C．revised D．posted 答案　D 解析　根据“online”可知，马特在网上发布了喜鹊的进步和她与猫的友谊。故选D。 12．A.viral B．blank C．mad D．wrong 答案　A 解析　根据下文“won many netizens’ hearts”可知，它们的故事在网上走红。go viral“走红”是常用搭配。故选A。 13．A.membership B．leadership C．friendship D．citizenship 答案　C 解析　根据上文“her unusual friendship with Mogli”可知，此处是指喜鹊和猫的友谊赢得了网友的心。故选C。 14．A.stressed B．complained C．promised D．predicted 答案　A 解析　根据下文“that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there”可知，这是马特给人们的忠告，即他强调的内容。故选A。 15．A.choice B．sign C．way D．difference 答案　B 解析　结合马特将受伤的小喜鹊带回家和本句中的“of injury”可知，马特认为如果喜鹊没有受伤的迹象，最好让它们待在原来的地方。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $