Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦动词-ing和动词-ed形式作表语这一核心语法点，通过短文实例引导学生感知加黑成分，系统梳理动词-ing表主语特征或内容、动词-ed表主语状态的用法，对比两者与进行时、被动语态的区别及“令人…”“感到…”的语义差异，构建感知-理解-应用的学习支架。 资料以语境化短文导入语法点，助力学生在真实语言情境中提升语言理解与表达能力，通过表格对比和例句辨析培养分析比较的思维品质。多样化练习涵盖单句填空、语篇写作及阅读，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固应用，弥补知识盲点。

享学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section lll Grammar and usage-Verb-ing and verb-ed forms as predicatives )语境感悟 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并分析其所作成分 DChinese artist Wu Guanzhong is known for his paintings using oils and also for those using the more traditional Chinese method of ink.2It's amazing that he combined Western principles of art with Chinese spirit.To him,3the important value of an artwork was to reflect the art within the life of Chinese people,and to express love of and responsibility to his motherland.4Wu Guanzhong remained interested in exploring ways of expression,with his style changing and developing throughout his career.5I think what he did is very inspiring.That's why he is admired by so many people. l.句①和句④中的known及interested为动词-ed形式在句中作表语，表示主语的状态。 2.句②和句⑤中的amazing及inspiring为动词-ing形式在句中作表语，表示主语的特征。 3.句③中的to reflect及to express为动词不定式在句中作表语。 可语法总览 动词-ing形式作表语，用来说明 动词-ing 主语所具有的性质、特征等 形式作表 动词-ing形式作表语有时用于 动词-ing 语的用法 说明主语的内容，此时主语和 形式作 表语两者可互换 表语 动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别 动词-ed形式作表语的用法一动词-ed形式 可放在连系动词之后作表语，表示主语所处 的状态 动词ed 形式作 动词-ed形式与被动语态的区别 表语 动词-cd形式与动词-ing形式作表语的区别 )语法精讲 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.动词-ing形式作表语的用法 (I)动词-ig形式作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，用来说明主语所具有的性质、特征等。许 独家授权侵权必究 零学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 多作表语的动词-ig形式几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。常见 moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling, amusing,astonishing,disappointing等。这类动词-ing形式有“令人的”的含义，常修饰 物。 The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging. 我们的航空工业的发展是非常鼓舞人心的。 The result was not the same as they had expected,which was rather disappointing. 结果与他们预料的不一样，这令人相当失望。 (2)动词-ig形式作表语有时用于说明主语的内容，此时主语和表语两者可互换。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. =Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别 His job is cleaning the classroom.(动词-ing形式作表语)他的工作就是打扫教室。 He is cleaning the classroom now.(谓语，现在进行时)他现在正在打扫教室。 二、动词-ed形式作表语 l,动词-ed形式作表语的用法 动词-ed形式可放在连系动词be(am,is,are),get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之 后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 He looked worried after reading the letter 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 Both he and I are satisfied with the result 我和他对结果都很满意。 2.动词-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别 动词-d形式作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者， 强调动作。 The cup is broken.(系表结构) 杯子破了。 The cup was broken by Tom.(被动语态) 杯子是被汤姆打破的。 3.动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作表语的区别 【总结制 动词-ed形式 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到…的” 动词-ing形式 表示事物自身具有的特性，常译作“令人…的” 独家授权侵权必究 享学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 The result of the test was rather disappointing.测试的结果相当令人失望。 He was very disappointed at the result of the test.他对考试的结果很失望。 His words were discouraging,which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 注意：某些动词的过去分词可用来修饰名词look,expression,face等。如：a surprised look 一个惊讶的表情；a tired face一张疲倦的脸；a discouraged expression一个祖丧的表情。 可达标检测 丨单句语法填空 1.The teacher's explanation of the problem was so confusing(confuse)that most of us couldn't understand. 2.The film was so moving that the audience were all moved to tears.(move) 3.It was astonishing(astonish)to everyone that the court had made such a decision. 4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint) 5.The key to successful small talk is learning(learn)how to connect with others,not just communicating with them. 6.The acting is so convincing(convince)that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted 7.His favorite sport is playing basketball while my favorite sport is playing table tennis.(play) 8.As is known to all,travelling is interesting(interest),but we often feel tired(tire)when we are back from the journey 9.We were shocked(shock)to hear that the missing pet was found dead at midnight. 10.We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage) 川完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法 把它送人还是留着它？抱着模型车，我在和自己作斗争。把它送人？我几乎无法忍受那 令人心碎的时刻。它对我来说是最珍贵的宝贝，所以把它送人真的是令人沮丧。当我看到母 亲的眼睛盯着我，希望我把它给我的表弟时，我很担心。留着它？亚历克斯会很沮丧的。犹 豫了一会儿，最终我决定要做正确的事。尽管看到亚历克斯带着我的模型车离开很令人沮丧， 但当我看到他眉开眼笑时，我的心在歌唱。 Give it away or keep it?Holding the model car,I was struggling with myself.Give it away?I could hardly tolerate the heartbreaking moment It was the most precious treasure for me,so giving it away 1.was really frustrating 2.I was worried when I saw my mother laying her eyes on me, 独家授权侵权必究· 婴学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 expecting me to give it to my cousin.Keep it?Alex 3.would be depressed.After hesitating for a moment,finally 4.I was determined to do the right thing.Although 5.it was depressing to see Alex leave with my model car,my heart sang when I saw him beaming. 5 Grammar and usage-Verb-ing and verb-ed forms as predicatives(A)I分值：55分] 川.单句语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.Even though the project was over budget,the project manager always seemed relaxed(relax). 2.Everyone was very concerned(concern)about whether he would pull through or not. 3.It rained most of the time when we were in England,which was pretty disappointing(disappoint). 4.The test is challenging(challenge)but I'm pretty sure I will pass it. 5.He got very excited(excite)when he heard the news that no one was hurt in the accident. 6.As for the taxi drivers,most are delighted(delight)to be behind the wheel of new cars. 7.Sandra was determined(determine)to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. 8.This may sound appealing(appeal)enough but here I have to issue a warning 9.Poems which had seemed dull and boring(bore)suddenly came to life. 10.Your task is cleaning(clean)the windows and the floor. 川.单句写作（共5小题：每小题3分，共15分） 1.如果你对此感兴趣，请告知我，我会给你发送更多信息。 If you are interested in it,please let me know and I'll send you more information. 2.我们对他昨天在会议上说的话感到惊讶 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting yesterday. 3.我非常高兴听到你在演讲比赛中获得第一名。 I'm more than/very delighted to hear that you get first prize in the speech competition. 4.他的缺点之一就是说荒，这经常给他带来麻烦。 One of his weaknesses is telling lies,which often brings troubles to him. 5.这个结果非常令人失望，我们不知道该说什么。 This result is very disappointing and we don't know what to say. 川.阅读理解（共4小题：每小题2.5分，共10分） Morgan Hartman was born with both physical and cognitive()disabilities.For years though,she lacked a diagnosis().One thing she did have:a happy spirit.Her dad,Gordon Hartman,never wanted to see that spirit dulled.But unfortunately,at times it was ·独家授权侵权必究 享学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 "In 2006,we were on a family vacation where I watched Morgan not be able to participate in a pool activity with three other children,and it was simply because of her lack of expression," Gordon said."It almost puts a lump()in your throat because it gives you a sad feeling that all Morgan wanted was to participate.She just wanted to play. After seeing this,Gordon started on a quest to create a space where no one felt left out.His idea:an inclusive theme park.He had experience as a builder and enlisted help from other experts to turn his dream into what is now Morgan's Wonderland.The park,opened in 2010,is believed to be the only one like it in the world and it has expanded to a sports center and camp with an outdoor adventure park.Across all the recreation areas,all are fully accessible to everyone with physical and mental disabilities Gordon has seen first-hand how an accessible theme park can change lives through joy."I met a couple from Mexico City.And they had never had a chance to,because of their special needs,ever a chance to play in water together.They heard about it and came here.They cried with me and talked to me about how this was the most wonderful opportunity they ever had,"he said. Morgan's Wonderland has welcomed visitors from dozens of countries and all 50 states of the USA-and those with disabilities enter for free."It's the small things that make the big difference:Having fun,Gordon said."Here at Morgan's Wonderland and all the different Morgan's venues,you don't watch.You participate." 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述戈登，哈特曼为有身体和认知障碍的女儿摩根哈特 曼建造了摩根仙境主题公园，每个有身体和精神残疾的人都可以进入游玩，这让摩根仙境吸 引了无数的游客。 1.Why couldn't Morgan participate in the pool activity? A.She was not diagnosed. B.She couldn't express herself. C.Her father hated seeing her dulled. D.Other children wouldn't play with her. 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“In2O06,we were on a family vacation where I watched Morgan not be able to participate in a pool activity with three other children,and it was simply because of her lack of expression”可知，摩根不能参加泳池活动是因为她无法表达自己。故选 B。 2.What is unique to Morgan's Wonderland? A.It provides outdoor activities. ·独家授权侵权必究 草学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 B.It's for people with special needs C.It's a sports center with only one like it. D.It's the largest adventure park in the world. 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“The park.all are fully accessible to everyone with physical and mental disabilities..”可知，在所有的娱乐区域，每个有身体和精神残疾的人都可以进入， 它的独特之处在于它是为有特殊需要的人准备的。故选B。 3.What does the author want to show by mentioning the couple in paragraph 4? A.Gordon's generosity B.The popularity of the park. C.The influence of the park D.Gordon's success in business. 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知，由于这对墨西哥夫妇的特殊需要，他们从来没有机会 一起在水里玩耍。他们听说了摩根仙境后来到了这里，感觉很棒，他们对戈登说这是他们有 过的最好的机会。由此可知，作者提到这对夫妇是为了表明主题公园带来的影响。故选C。 4.What can be inferred about the park? A.It has expanded to 50 states. B.It is free of charge for all visitors C.Full accessibility makes it appealing D.People aren't allowed to watch activities in it. 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Across all the recreation areas,all are fully accessible to everyone with physical and mental disabilities.”和最后一段中“Morgan's Wonderland has welcomed visitors from dozens of countries and all 50 states of the USA-and those with disabilities enter for free.”可推知，全面的参与性让摩根仙境具有吸引力。故选C。 V.语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） For years,artist Ren Jianguo 1. focuses on Chinese ink wash paintings has been exploring how the modern spirit of ink wash paintings can 2. (combine)with traditional Chinese aesthetics(美学). The artist puts his deep 3. _(understand)of Chinese culture and abstract(抽象的) expressionist painting language together 4. (produce)art with a unique modern sense Since the beginning of the 21st century,Ren 5. (devote)to developing a new ·独家授权侵权必究 享学科网书城国 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 “figure landscape”painting style,6. innovative combination of traditional Chinese figure and landscape paintings Ren's works inherit(继承)the7 (peace)sense of traditional Chinese ink wash paintings.Many of his works were inspired by the lifestyle that the poet Tao Yuanming described in his poetry. Born in Beijing and late 8. (travel)to Australia,Ren made a name for himself as early as 1985,when he brought 9. (he)work to the milestone national art exhibition of Chinese contemporary art China Youth in Progress.The exhibition paved the way for( 平道路)the85 New Art Movement,.which has been seen by many 10. an introduction to Chinese contemporary art. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家任建国及其独特的现代水墨画风格，以及 他对传统中国美学的探索和传承。 l.答案who/that 解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Ren Jianguo,指人， 空处在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 2.答案be combined 解析考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知，本句是how引导的宾语从句，combine作从句谓 语，和主语the modern spirit之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，后接动词原形。 故填be combined。 3.答案understanding 解析考查名词。空前是形容词，所以空处应用名词作宾语，understand的名词形式为不可 数名词。故填understanding。 4.答案to produce 解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词pus,所以空处应用非谓语 形式，根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式。故填to produce。 5.答案has been devoted 解析考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，此处应使用固定搭配b devoted to,意为“致力于”；根据since可知，此处用现在完成时：主语是Ren,为第三人 称单数。故填has been devoted。. 6.答案an 解析考查冠词。分析句子结构， innovative combination of.在此处作同位语且表 示泛指，应使用不定冠词。innovative的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 7.答案peaceful 独家授权侵权必究· 享学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 解析考查形容词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语。故填peaceful。 8.答案traveling 解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词made,所以空处用非谓语形 式，和逻辑主语Ren之间是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。故填traveling。 9.答案his 解析考查代词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词。故填s。 10.答案as 解析考查介词。结合句意可知，这次展览为85新艺术运动铺平了道路，许多人认为这是对 中国当代艺术的介绍。此处是固定搭配be seen as,意为“被看作”。故填as。 6 Grammar and usage-Verb-ing and verb-ed forms as predicatives(B)[分值：35分] 1.阅读理解（共8小题：每小题2.5分，共20分）》 A Victoria Falls is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.Statistically speaking,it is the largest waterfall in the world.Victoria Falls is located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.The falls are also close to the border of Botswana.The Zambezi River,which originates in northern Zambia,serves as the falls'water source. There are basically two seasons for the Victoria Falls area.The rainy season runs from late November to early April with the remaining months accounting for the dry season.One would imagine that the rainy season with more water would make the falls more spectacular() However,the additional water and subsequent mist()in the air makes it nearly impossible to see the base of the falls. The months of June and July are probably the best time to view the falls.The water levels are still high enough to show the beauty of the falls,but the amount of water is less,creating less mist and more visibility of the falls. As you move into the later part of the dry season,August through October,it is quite possible that you will see more rock face than falls.However,this also opens the door for walking across the top of the falls,which can be a unique and exhilarating experience as well. During the rainy season and high water,Victoria Falls can be a challenge to capture() with a camera because of all of the mist in the air.However,this increases the probabilities that you will be able to capture rainbow images around the falls. 独家授权侵权必究 草学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 The lower water levels can create more dramatic pictures with various rocks cropping out between the falls.You should also be able to see the canyon and base of the falls.You will also be able to walk across the top of the falls and take images down the face of the falls. 语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维多利亚瀑布的相关情况。 1.Where does the water source of Victoria Falls originate? A.In northern Zambia. B.In southern Zimbabwe. C.At the border of Botswana. D.Between the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe. 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Zambezi River,which originates in northern Zambia, serves as the falls'water source.”可知，维多利亚瀑布的水源源自赞比亚北部。故选A。 2.When is the best time for travelers to walk across the top of the falls? A.From November to April B.From August to October C.In the months of June and July. D.In the months of May and June. 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第四段“As you move into the later part of the dry season,August through October...for walking across the top of the falls,which can be a unique and exhilarating experience as well.”可知，8月到l0月是步行穿过瀑布顶部的最佳时间。故选B。 3.What does the underlined word "this"in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A.A camera B.High water C.The rainy season. D.All of the mist in the air. 答案D 解析代词指代题。根据画线词上文“During the rainy season and high water,./ictoria Falls can be a challenge to capture(抓拍)with a camera because of all of the mist in the air.”及下文 "increases the probabilities that you will be able to capture rainbow images around the falls" 推知，空气中所有的雾虽然导致难以抓拍瀑布，却增加了你在瀑布周围捕捉到彩虹图像的可 能性。故此处this指代的是“空气中所有的雾”。故选D。 4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? ·独家授权侵权必究 草学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 A.Travel strategies at different water levels. B.Challenges for falls travelers to overcome. C.Photo opportunities in different seasons D.Different views of the falls all the year round. 答案C 解析段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“During the rainy season and high water.capture rainbow images around the falls..”以及最后一段“The lower water levels can create more dramatic pictures...take images down the face of the falls.”可知，文章最后两段主要讲述了在雨季与旱季 旅行者的一些拍照机会。故选C。 B You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river,all standing on a bamboo strip,but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage bamboo drifting(漂流). Over 2,000 years ago,the high-quality wood,nanmu,in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2,000 kilometers to the north.With no better transportation,people had to stand on one log()to drift down the river.Later,local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born.In the Qing Dynasty,wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo's lower price.Due to the skills it takes for one to master this act, bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021 Yang Liu,a 24-year-old inheritor of bamboo drifting,learned it at 7."Usually,the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long,and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters.If the length or diameter()of the bamboo is not long enough,it will not float Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key,so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle.I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing.Once I fell,I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part,"she said. The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going.In the past 17 years,she has drifted all year round,in winter cold and summer heat.As hanfu culture has been on the rise,Yang started wearing hanfu while performing,creating a more beautiful feel.In 2020,Yang began to post her videos on social media."I'm extremely proud to get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.It's my mission to keep it alive and known to more people,Yang Liu told China Daily 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产—独竹漂这项古老 独家授权侵权必究