Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“Welcome to the unit & Reading”模块，以印象派艺术主题阅读为核心，构建“速读-细读-读后”三阶学习支架。先通过速读把握文章大意与篇章结构，再经细读深挖细节信息，最后结合语法填空、句子结构分析及重点词块默写，实现从文本理解到语言运用的递进。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如句子结构分析拆解复合句提升语法理解，写作佳句仿写结合读后续写训练表达逻辑。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后通过阅读理解、完形填空等训练题帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，有效提升英语综合素养。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author’s first impression of the Impressionists. B．The author’s first impression of the Impressionist art museum—Musée d’Orsay. C．The author’s first impression of the Impressionists’ masterpieces. D．The author’s first impression of the Post-Impressionist painters. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．How did the writer feel when he saw some masterpieces? A．Disappointed. B．Puzzled. C．Amazed. D．Tired. 答案　C 2．Which of the following masterpieces is painted by Monet? A．Blue Water Lilies. B．The Ballet Class. C．The Card Players. D．Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette. 答案　A 3．What can we learn about Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette? A．It’s Renoir’s most famous painting. B．It was painted by Renoir in 1876. C．It is made up of small areas of light. D．It shows so much clear details. 答案　B 4．What does the phrase “jump out at” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Easily attract. B．Easily disappoint. C．Easily move. D．Easily puzzle. 答案　A 5．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The features of the Impressionists’ paintings. B．The influence of the Impressionists’ paintings. C．The works of the Impressionist painters. D．The Post-Impressionist painters. 答案　B Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 I visited the Musée d’Orsay on June 3，which is a world-famous art museum 1.housed(house) in an old railway building in Paris.2.Wandering(wander) through the Impressionist gallery，I appreciated masterpieces.Two of the greatest Impressionist painters that 3.made(make) the deepest impression on me were Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.Monet was 4.greatly(great) inspired by nature.It’s said that about 250 paintings by Monet including the famous piece Blue Water Lilies feature 5.the same water lily pond，but all are in different colours and styles.Renoir preferred to paint 6.scenes(scene) of everyday life.I 7.was struck(strike) by the small areas of light across his 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette.It was the similarities of the paintings that impressed 8.me(I) deeply.The Impressionists’ vision inspired Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin,9.whose works are displayed at the Musée d’Orsay，too.In fact，the Impressionist movement has had a lasting influence 10.on/upon modern art. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．As a huge art fan，I knew exactly(exact)what I was looking forward to most about my trip to Paris：visiting the Musée d’Orsay.(P30 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作was looking forward to的宾语。 汉语翻译： 作为一个狂热的艺术迷，我非常清楚自己此次巴黎之旅最期待的是什么：参观奥赛博物馆。 2．Even though I had admired them hundreds(hundred) of times on my computer screen，nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing.(P30 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中Even though引导让步状语从句；I felt为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词the wonder; when I finally...为时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过数百次，但当我终于亲眼见到实物时，还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已。 3．While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works，the artists who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters(painter)，Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.(P30 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中While引导让步状语从句，其中it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the artists；Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir作two of the greatest Impressionist painters的同位语。 汉语翻译：虽然从这么多令人称奇的作品中很难选出一幅最喜欢的，但两位伟大的印象派画家给我留下了最深的印象——克劳德·莫奈和皮埃尔-奥古斯特·雷诺阿。 4．One of these scenes is shown(show) in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies，which I studied for quite a while in the gallery.(P30 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。 汉语翻译：其中一处风景就展现在他著名的《蓝睡莲》里，我在展馆里端详了好一阵子。 5．I couldn’t believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond，all in different(difference) colours and styles.(P30 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：当听说同一个睡莲池他画了大约250幅画，每一幅颜色和风格都各异时，我简直难以置信。 6．When I saw it up close，I was struck(strike) by the small areas of light across the painting，and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix(mix) together.(P31 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中When引导时间状语从句，主句中the soft edges...together为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 汉语翻译：我靠近观察，画面上遍布着小面积的光斑，人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体，令我大为震撼。 7．They employed free brushwork and used colours to show(show) the effect of light on things，creating paintings that were far less realistic(realistic) than the works that came before.(P31 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中creating paintings...before为现在分词短语作结果状语；两个that都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词paintings及the works。 汉语翻译：他们运用了自由的笔触，用色彩来展示光线投射在物体上的效果，创作出的绘画作品远不像前人之作那么写实。 8．Impressionist artists did not try to paint(paint) every detail in a scene—just a brief “impression” they had at that moment，burning with vivid colours and light，before it disappeared.(P31 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中they had at the moment 为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词impression；burning with vivid colours and light为现在分词短语作伴随状语；before引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：印象派画家试图描绘的并非某个场景的所有细节——而是他们当时产生的瞬间“印象”，在它消失之前，迸发着鲜明的光彩。 9．It is also worthy of note that Post-Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced(influence) by Impressionism—the movement has had a lasting influence on modern art，encouraging artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view.(P31 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。encouraging artists...view为现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语the movement与encourage之间为主谓关系。 汉语翻译：值得注意的是，后印象派画家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体——这场运动还对现代艺术产生了持久的影响，鼓励着艺术家们从一个全新的视角去看待世界。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 every time引导时间状语从句 It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene，he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way.(P31 Para.3) 令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，从句中含有every time引导的时间状语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————every/each time“每次……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the first time，the last time，next time，any time，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant等。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————[写作佳句] (1)(读后续写之主旨升华)每次他想到那件亮红色的夹克，他就会觉得自己并不孤单，总是有人愿意帮忙。 Every time/Each time he thinks of the bright red jacket，he will feel he is not alone and that there’s always someone who is willing to help. (2)(读后续写之动作链描写)他一看到那个受伤的女孩，就毫不犹豫地下车，像箭一样冲过去帮助她。 The moment/minute/second/instant he saw the injured girl，he got off his car without hesitation and rushed like an arrow to assist her. (3)我第一次去美术馆时，我被它大量的艺术收藏吸引。 The first time I went to the art gallery，I was attracted by its enormous art collection. 强调句型 Although the paintings had very different settings，it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists’ paintings.(P31 Para.5) 尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处——这种相似之处在印象派的画作中随处可见。 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，句中Although引导让步状语从句；主句it was...that...为强调句型；which can...paintings为定语从句，修饰先行词similarities。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。 •一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ •特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？ •对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————[写作佳句] (1)(应用文写作之感谢信)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我坚信我会很快适应大学生活。 It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life soon. (2)杰克陷入绝望是因为他知道了这次考试的结果吗？ Was it because Jack learnt the result of the examination that he sank into hopelessness? (3)直到我经历了这件事，我才意识到一个小小的关心行为可以融化人们的孤独。(读后续写之主旨升华) It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness. 课文重点词块默写 1．盼望；期待look forward to 2．即使；虽然even though 3．几百，许多hundreds of 4．使某人为某事做好准备prepare sb for sth 5．看到，注视lay eyes on 6．给……留下印象……make an impression on 7．受到……启发；受到……鼓舞be inspired by 8．较喜欢；宁愿prefer to do 9．被……打动，迷恋……be struck by 11．(表示对比)而(不是)，相对于as opposed to 12．例如such as 13．对……产生持久的影响have/leave a lasting influence on 14．鼓励某人去做某事 encourage sb to do sth 15．观点；看法；(思考的)角度point of view 训练3　Welcome to the unit & Reading(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分) 1．我是李华，一名暑假期间正在伦敦学习的中国学生。(同位语，定语从句) I am Li Hua，a Chinese student who/that is studying in London during the summer vacation. 2．得知当地的美术馆将要举办一场中国画展览，我现在写信申请做一名志愿者。(现在分词短语作状语) Learning that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings，I am writing to apply to be a volunteer. 3．作为一名从5岁起就已经学习中国画的学生，我很高兴能有机会向外国人介绍中国画。(who引导定语从句) As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old，I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners. 4．我流利的英语口语和丰富的中国画知识将有助于游客深入了解每幅画背后的意义。(强调句型，insight) It is my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings that will help visitors gain a deep insight into the meaning behind each painting. 5．得到这个机会对于我将是一种荣幸，我期待着您的回复。(it作形式主语，look forward to) It will be a great hono(u)r for me to be given the opportunity and I’m looking forward to your reply. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 Dear Sirs， I am Li Hua，a Chinese student who is studying in London during the summer vacation.Learning that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings，I am writing to apply to be a volunteer. As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old，I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners.What’s more，it is my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings that will help visitors gain a deep insight into the meaning behind each painting. It will be a great hono(u)r for me to be given the opportunity and I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分) The Amur leopard is a critically endangered species，with an estimated population of fewer than 100 individuals.The leopards，characterized by their beautiful golden coat with large dark rosettes，are native to the forests of the Russian Far East and northeastern China.They are often considered the rarest big cats in the world，and their numbers have been declining rapidly due to the habitat loss，poaching(偷猎)，and the changing climate. Habitat loss is one of the primary threats facing the Amur leopard.As logging and agricultural activities continue to expand in the region，the leopards are losing their once vast and undeveloped forests.The loss of habitat results in a decrease in prey populations，making it increasingly difficult for the leopards to find enough food.In addition to the habitat loss，poaching poses a significant threat to the survival of the species.Amur leopards are often hunted for their unique and attractive fur，which can fetch high prices on the black market. Climate change is also impacting the Amur leopard population.As temperatures rise，the forests they rely on are undergoing changes，forcing the leopards to adapt to new conditions.This puts additional stress on an already struggling population. Conservation efforts are underway to try and save the Amur leopards from extinction.Government established the Land of the Leopard National Park，which covers a significant portion of the leopard’s habitat.This protected area is essential in ensuring the survival of the species.Additionally，organizations like WWF are working to curb(遏制) poaching and promote sustainable forestry practices in the region. Despite these efforts，the future of the Amur leopard remains uncertain.It is crucial that we continue to work towards the preservation of this magnificent creature，or we risk losing it forever. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了为保护濒临灭绝的动物远东豹建设国家公园的情况。 1．What can we learn about the Amur leopard from the first paragraph? A．It is as big as a cat. B．It is at risk of extinction. C．It can only be found in China. D．It is known for its strange appearance. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Amur leopard is a critically endangered species，with an estimated population of fewer than 100 individuals.”可知，远东豹有灭绝的危险。故选B。 2．What is the main reason for people to hunt Amur leopards? A．To make money. B．To seek pleasure. C．To protect the forests. D．To save other animals. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Amur leopards are often hunted for their unique and attractive fur，which can fetch high prices on the black market.”可知，远东豹的皮毛在黑市上可以卖到高价，由此可推断，人们猎杀远东豹主要是为了赚钱。故选A。 3．What is a consequence of climate change according to the text? A．The Amur leopard’s migration to new habitats. B．Easier ways for Amur leopards to find food. C．Extra stress on the Amur leopard population. D．Deadly destruction of the Amur leopard’s habitats. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Climate change is also impacting the Amur leopard population.As temperatures rise...This puts additional stress on an already struggling population.”可知，气候变化给已经处于挣扎中的远东豹种群增加了额外的压力。故选C。 4．What is the Land of the Leopard National Park? A．A reserve for different endangered animals. B．A habitat-repairing project for Amur leopards. C．A government-protected area for Amur leopards. D．A theme park for visitors to observe Amur leopards. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Conservation efforts are underway to try and save the Amur leopards from extinction.Government established the Land of the Leopard National Park，which covers a significant portion of the leopard’s habitat.”可知，the Land of the Leopard National Park是一个政府为了避免远东豹灭绝而建立的远东豹的保护区。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) It was a regular day for volunteer firefighter Matt Owens.As he drove home from visiting a friend，he 1 a little baby magpie(喜鹊) on the side of the road.He had no idea how special that bird would be when he 2 to investigate.Finding she had blood all over，Matt 3 her in his hands and took her home. His neighbour，a vet(兽医)，examined the injured chick 4 and pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right.Matt was excited the following morning to 5 his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive. Matt’s major 6 while Swoop recovered was his cat Mogli.Anyway，cats eat birds.It’s 7 .So he kept Swoop high up on a table.However，much to his 8 ，the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep. Meanwhile，Matt started 9 her，teaching her how to hunt for insects and slowly helping her build her 10 in flying. Matt 11 her progress and her unusual friendship with Mogli online，which went 12 .The one-in-a-million 13 of feather(羽毛) and fur won many netizens’ hearts. Despite his love for Swoop，Matt 14 that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no 15 of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马特将一只受伤的小喜鹊带回家，令人吃惊的是喜鹊和马特的猫建立了非同寻常的友谊，马特也非常喜欢这只小喜鹊，尽管如此，马特还是建议人们不要带小喜鹊回家，除非它们受伤。 1．A.treated B．deserted C．spotted D．scared 答案　C 解析　根据“As he drove home from visiting a friend”可知，此处是指马特在开车回家时无意中发现一只小喜鹊。故选C。 2．A.pulled over B．held back C．broke down D．sped up 答案　A 解析　pull over靠边停车；hold back抑制；break down坏掉，崩溃；speed up加速。根据“to investigate”可知，马特停车去看是什么情况。故选A。 3．A.trapped B．patted C．comforted D．cupped 答案　D 解析　根据“Finding she had blood all over”和“in his hands”可知，马特小心翼翼地把小喜鹊捧在手里，然后把她带回家。故选D。 4．A.hurriedly B．willingly C．curiously D．carefully 答案　D 解析　根据“pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right”可知，兽医对小鸟进行了仔细的检查。故选D。 5．A.wish B．find C．perceive D．believe 答案　B 解析　根据“Matt was excited”和“his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive”可知，第二天早上马特发现小鸟还活着，所以很激动。故选B。 6．A.concern B．fault C．decision D．delight 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，小喜鹊恢复期间，猫最让马特担心。故选A。 7．A.routine B．mystery C．education D．nature 答案　D 解析　根据“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，猫吃小鸟是猫的天性。故选D。 8．A.disappointment B．embarrassment C．amazement D．sadness 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，猫吃小鸟是天性，再结合“the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep”可知，猫的表现让马特很惊讶。故选C。 9．A.caging B．training C．accompanying D．feeding 答案　B 解析　根据“teaching her how to hunt for insects”可知，马特开始训练小喜鹊。故选B。 10．A.character B．confidence C．pride D．career 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Finding she had blood all over”可知，小喜鹊受了很重的伤，导致无法飞行；由此推知，马特训练喜鹊时帮助她建立飞行的信心。故选B。 11．A.translated B．exposed C．revised D．posted 答案　D 解析　根据“online”可知，马特在网上发布了喜鹊的进步和她与猫的友谊。故选D。 12．A.viral B．blank C．mad D．wrong 答案　A 解析　根据下文“won many netizens’ hearts”可知，它们的故事在网上走红。go viral“走红”是常用搭配。故选A。 13．A.membership B．leadership C．friendship D．citizenship 答案　C 解析　根据上文“her unusual friendship with Mogli”可知，此处是指喜鹊和猫的友谊赢得了网友的心。故选C。 14．A.stressed B．complained C．promised D．predicted 答案　A 解析　根据下文“that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there”可知，这是马特给人们的忠告，即他强调的内容。故选A。 15．A.choice B．sign C．way D．difference 答案　B 解析　结合马特将受伤的小喜鹊带回家和本句中的“of injury”可知，马特认为如果喜鹊没有受伤的迹象，最好让它们待在原来的地方。故选B。 训练4　Welcome to the unit & Reading(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A To many people，honey bees symbolize prosperity(兴旺)，sustainability and environmentalism.But as a honey bee researcher，I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible.Although they are important for agriculture，honey bees also destabilize natural ecosystems by competing with native bees—some of which are species at risk. The rise in hobby beekeeping，now a trendy activity for hundreds of thousands of Americans，followed strong awareness campaigns to “save the bees”．But as a species，honey bees are least in need of saving.Sheila Colla，a conservation biologist，says，“People mistakenly think helping honey bees is somehow helping native bees.They have a surprisingly poor understanding of the diversity of pollinators(传粉者) and their roles in pollination.” There are millions of honey bee colonies(群) in North America.Around 30,000 bees per colony，that’s roughly a billion honey bees in Canada and the U．S.alone.Huge numbers of honey bee colonies increase competition between native pollinators，putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline.Honey bees are extreme generalist foragers(觅食者)，leading to exploitative competition—that is，where one species uses up a resource，not leaving enough to go around. Alfredo Valido and Pedro Jordano，researchers from the Spanish National Research Council，used the Canary Islands to study how honey bees affect the native pollinating community.In the highlands of the islands’ Teide National Park，thousands of honey bee colonies are introduced seasonally for honey production and removed again at the end of the flower season，creating an excellent condition for experimentation.Their results do not make honey bees look like the sustainability celebrities they have become.Bringing in honey bees reduced the connectedness of the plant-pollinator networks.Besides，the resilience(恢复力) of the ecosystem has also declined. I used to believe that honey bees were a gateway species，and that concern over their health and prosperity would spread to native bees，benefitting them，too.However，evidence shows that misguided enthusiasm for honey bees has likely been the native bees’ disaster. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家养蜜蜂有可能与本地蜜蜂竞争从而导致自然生态环境被破坏。 1．How does the author feel about the rise in hobby beekeeping? A．Confused. B．Concerned. C．Surprised. D．Pleased. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段第一句“The rise in hobby beekeeping...But as a species，honey bees are at least in need of saving.”和最后一段中“However，evidence shows that misguided enthusiasm for honey bees has likely been the native bees’ disaster.”可知，作者对于业余养蜂现象持担忧的态度。故选B。 2．How are native pollinators affected by introduced honey bees? A．They have trouble finding food. B．They become generalist foragers. C．They get protected as honey bees. D．They fail to form their own colonies. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Huge numbers of honey bee colonies increase competition between native pollinators...where one species uses up a resource，not leaving enough to go around.”可知，引入的蜜蜂群会使得本地蜂的食物减少，难以觅食。故选A。 3．What did the experiment on the Canary Islands show concerning honey bees? A．They fitted into the native pollinating community. B．They improved the sustainability of the islands. C．They slowed the recovery of the ecosystem. D．They shortened the flower season. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Besides，the resilience(恢复力) of the ecosystem has also declined.”可知，蜜蜂的引进会导致当地生态系统的恢复力下降，减缓生态系统的恢复。故选C。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Threat to Honey Bees B．The Problems with Honey Bees C．Save the Bees，Save the Planet D．Focus on Honey Bees，Not Native Bees 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。第一段提到了蜜蜂的引进可能会破坏当地生态系统的稳定性，后文通过介绍加那利群岛上对蜜蜂的研究也提到了大量引入蜜蜂会减缓当地生态系统的恢复。由此判断，全文主要讲蜜蜂所带来的一些问题。故选B。 B In many people’s eyes，artist Mark Rothko’s enormous paintings are nothing more than masses of color.Yet，a painting can be worth nearly $100 million.Besides，Pablo Picasso’s twisted faces attract some viewers but terrify others. Why does the phenomenon happen? The answer may lie in our brain networks.Researchers have now developed an algorithm(算法) that can predict art preference by analyzing how a person’s brain breaks down visual information and decides whether a painting is “good”．The findings show for the first time how basic features of a painting combine with human judgment to give art value in our minds. Most people，including researchers，consider art preference to be various，says Anjan Chatterjee，a neurologist(神经学家) at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the study.In some cases，personal preference is rooted in biology.For instance，sugary foods help us survive and people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes.However，when it comes to art，we seem to care about and value relatively arbitrary(任意的) things，according to Chatterjee. To figure out how the brain forms value judgments about art，neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his colleagues first asked more than 1,300 volunteers on the website Amazon Mechanical Turk to rate a selection of 825 paintings from four Western types including impressionism，cubism，abstract art and color field painting.Volunteers were all over the age of 18，but researchers didn’t give exact information about their familiarity with art or their ethnic(种族的) or national origin. The researchers revealed that paintings preferred by the same groups of people tended to share certain visual characteristics.These characteristics all fell into two categories: “Low-level” characteristics，like contrast and color，were intrinsic(固有的) to an image; “High-level” characteristics，like the emotion a painting brought about，required human understanding.Once the method was trained，it could analyze these characteristics in new paintings and accurately predict which works a person would like. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。人们对不同的艺术作品的评价不同，研究人员的最新调查发现，这与人们的大脑网络有关。 5．What do the cases in paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．The value of different works of art. B．The characteristics of different artists. C．The importance of facial appearances. D．The differences in people’s appreciation of beauty. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。 根据第一段的描述“In many people’s eyes，artist Mark Rothko’s enormous paintings...attract some viewers but terrify others.”及第二段对于艺术偏好的研究可知，第一段的两个例子主要说明人们对美的感知不同。故选D。 6．Which of the following ideas may Anjan Chatterjee support? A．People’s preference is mainly rooted in biology. B．People usually share common feelings towards scenery. C．Researchers’ art preference is different from others’． D．Art works have fewer arbitrary things to value. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“...and people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes.”可知，Anjan Chatterjee会赞同人们对于风景的感受通常是相同的。故选B。 7．Which of the following factors was taken into account during the study? A．The identity of the participants. B．The background of the paintings. C．The wide range of paintings. D．The national origin of the participants. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“...a selection of 825 paintings from four Western types including impressionism，cubism，abstract art and color field painting.”可知，研究考虑了绘画作品的不同类型。故选C。 8．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．The findings of the study. B．The researchers’ different viewpoints. C．The process of the study. D．The researchers’ prediction for related research. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段中“The researchers revealed that paintings preferred by the same groups of people tended to...required human understanding.”可知，本段主要是关于此项研究的发现。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Body language，sometimes called “non-verbal communication”，is an important tool.The way you communicate through body language can determine your success in everything from relationships to your career.Up to 93% of communication can be non-verbal.Paying closer attention to the messages you send through body language can help you succeed. 1 Have good posture(姿势)．If you go to a job interview and you have bad posture，you’ll probably register more poorly to the interviewer.People will associate bad posture with weak confidence or boredom. 2 To have good posture，your head should be up and your back should be straight.Sit down the front of your chair and lean forward slightly to show you’re interested. Mirror another person.Mirroring is when one partner copies the posture of the other partner. 3 Specifically，you can mirror a person’s tone or position of the body.You shouldn’t do this obviously or repeatedly though，only skillfully. Emphasize your point with gestures.Have more than one gesture. 4 If you want to ensure you’re not misunderstood，repeat helpful gestures when you speak the idea aloud.You don’t have to use a body language gesture (or two) for every word，but it’s good to have a toolbox of gestures you can use to reinforce(强化) important but easily misunderstood concepts. 5 Watch for wandering eyes and constant sniffing.If you’re constantly touching your face，you’ll never look confident or at ease.Improving your posture and working to reduce nervous tics(抽搐) can be difficult and will take time，but you’ll quickly improve your overall non-verbal communication. A．Use hand gestures when speaking. B．This will help you better get your message across. C．Avoid gestures that show nervousness or insecurity. D．Here are some ideas for using gestures to communicate. E．Keep your legs slightly apart，so you take up more space. F．They might even think you’re lazy and unmotivated if you don’t sit up straight. G．By copying the actions of the other person，you’ll make him/her feel connected to you. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种有效的肢体语言交流的方式。 1．答案　D 解析　上文说明了肢体语言的益处，下文内容介绍了一些肢体语言交流的方式，空格处承上启下，D项中的“some ideas for using gestures to communicate”引起下文，因此推断D项“下面是一些使用姿势来交流的想法”符合语境，故选D。 2．答案　F 解析　上文说明不好的姿势传递不好的信息，F项中的“you don’t sit up straight”是不好的姿势，“you’re lazy and unmotivated”是不好的信息，因此推断F项“如果你不坐直，他们甚至可能会认为你懒惰，没有动力”符合语境，They指上文中的People，故选F。 3．答案　G 解析　根据本段标题“模仿另一个人”和下文“Mirroring ...of the other partner.”可知，此处建议模仿另一个人的姿势，G项中的“copying the actions of the other person”与之一致，讲的是模仿别人，因此推断G项“通过模仿别人的行为，你会让他/她感到与你有联系”符合语境，故选G。 4．答案　B 解析　下文“If you ...the idea aloud.(如果你想确保自己不被误解，当你大声说出这个想法时，要重复一些有用的姿势)”说明利用姿势能够更好地让别人理解自己，与B项中的“better get your message across”一致，因此推断B项“这将帮助你更好地传达你的信息”符合语境，This指代上文“Have more than one gesture.”。故选B。 5．答案　C 解析　空格处是段落小标题。根据下文“注意那些恍惚的目光和不断的抽鼻子”和“Improving your posture and working to reduce nervous tics (抽搐)can be difficult and will take time，but you’ll quickly improve your overall non-verbal communication.”可知，本段建议避免紧张或没有安全感的姿势。故C项“避免表现出紧张或缺乏安全感的姿势”符合语境。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $