UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

话题美句 Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs，but not every man’s greed. 地球所提供的物质财富足以满足每个人的需求，却不足以满足每个人的贪欲。 From recycling to green shopping，each small change you make can really make a difference. 从回收利用到绿色购物，你所做的每一个小改变都能真正起作用。 Take with restraint and use in moderation；this way one shall always know contentment. 取之有度，用之有节，则常足。 Conservation means the wise use of the Earth and its resources for lasting good of men.节约意味着为了人类的长久利益而明智地利用地球及其资源。 Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder on P50 carefully and then listen to the dialogue and choose the right answer.(高考形式) 1．What do we need to do to face the challenge? A．Use the clean energy and learn from lectures. B．Stop using plastic bags and handle the waste. C．Change the way we live in order to protect our planet. 答案　C 2．What is one of the biggest threats to our planet? A．Plastic waste. B．The use of oil and coal. C．Cutting down forests. 答案　B 3．What can we infer from the dialogue? A．We all need to reuse previously used items. B．We all need to help save energy and resources. C．We all need to recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce. 答案　C Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogue on P51 and choose the best answer.(高考形式) 1．What do people hunt rhinos for? A．Rhinos’ skin. B．Rhinos’ teeth. C．Rhinos’ horns. 答案　C 2．What does Dr.Bradshaw suggest doing? A．Punishing people who hunt rhinos. B．Educating people not to kill rhinos. C．Setting up reserves for rhinos. 答案　B 3．When will rhinos die out if people don’t take action to protect them? A．After 15 years. B．After 20 years. C．After 12 years. 答案　B Ⅲ.Listen to the material on P51 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练) (I＝Interviewer　B＝Dr.Bradshaw) I：I feel very lucky indeed to have Dr.Bradshaw with us today.He works on 1.protecting animals in danger.At present，he is in a rhino protecting programme. B：Yes，many animals 2.are illegally hunted for something they have.In the rhino’s case，it is their horns.Some people think 3.it is useful in medicine. I：How can we stop this from happening? B：Well，the first step is 4.education—we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal and that these amazing animals are 5.part of the world we live in. I：How long do we have before rhinos 6.become extinct? B：If we don’t do something now,7.there will be no rhinos left in the world in 20 years. I：That’s an incredibly 8.urgent matter... informative adj.有教育意义的，知识性强的(inform vt.通知 information n．信息；情报) inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事 inform sb that...通知某人…… (1)The designer was not informed of/about the time of the meeting，which brought about much trouble. (2)The lecture，though passionate as well as fun，didn’t contain much information(inform)． [写作佳句] (3)(2018·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)《一起成长》这部短片，不仅有教育意义，而且很有趣。 The short movie，GROWING TOGETHER，will be not only informative but also interesting. threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能(threaten vt.威胁，恐吓) •pose a threat to...对……构成威胁 under the threat of...处于……的威胁之下 •threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 threaten sb with sth 用……威胁某人 (1)The hijackers(劫匪) threatened to kill(kill) the professor if their demands were not met. (2)Some species will be under the threat of extinction if humans keep destroying their habitats. [写作佳句] (3)(话题写作之环境保护)众所周知，漂浮在海洋中的塑料袋对海洋动物构成了巨大的威胁。 As we all know，plastic bags floating in oceans pose a great threat to marine animals. (4)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)熊猛烈地拍着栅栏，用它锋利的牙齿和强壮的爪子威胁我们。 The bear patted the fence fiercely，threatening us with its sharp teeth and strong paws. switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 n．开关 ·switch on打开(电灯、电视等) switch off关上(电灯、电视等) switch to切换到，转到 ·switch shifts调班 (1)The last to leave the dormitory should remember to switch off the laptop and air conditioner. (2)Seeing my embarrassment，the professor switched to another interesting topic. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之动作描写)由于不知道灯的开关在哪里，我在黑暗中摸索着走，不时地撞到家具上。 Not knowing where the light switch was，I felt my way in the dark，bumping into furniture now and then. urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的(urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 urgently adv.急切地；迫切地) •urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that...主张……[从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”] •have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动 (1)The local government has urged the supermarket to stop(stop) using free plastic bags several times. (2)I have to break the appointment because I have something urgent(urge) to handle. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)我站在舞台上，心跳加速，大脑一片空白，我有一种逃跑的冲动。 Standing on the platform，my heart racing and my mind going blank，I had an urge to run away. 训练1　Topic Talk(A) [分值：40.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1．The conservation of wildlife has always been a hot topic in recent years. 2．All the furniture was destroyed(破坏) in the house because of the heavy flood. 3．The government should take action to limit the use of plastic shopping bags. 4．Frankly speaking，I can’t accept all the items(条款) in the contract. 5．To protect the environment，we must recycle plastic bottles effectively. 6．Parked illegally(非法地)，his car was pulled away by traffic policemen. 7．My phone seems to switch itself off occasionally，which makes me annoyed. 8. Rhinos are being hunted(猎杀) for their horns，which are said to be used for drug. 9．It is humans’ duty to protect these endangered animals before they become extinct. 10．What an employee should do with an urgent(紧急的) task is to finish it on time. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共7小题；每小题1.5分，满分10.5分) 1. Extraordinary measures can be taken in urgent(urge) cases. 2．The polluted water is a constant threat to the fish in the river. 3．I felt incredibly(incredible) ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 4．Suffering from injuries in the waist，the athlete had to switch to business. 5．You can do your part in wildlife protection，that is，you have a role to play. 6．Used batteries are unrecyclable(recycle) rubbish so don’t throw them with what can be recycled. 7．His lecture was informative(inform) and motivating，so all the students present clapped enthusiastically. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A In the past 50 years，the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold.In coastal water bodies，including river mouths and seas，low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen levels to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms. “Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans，” said Denise Breitburg，marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.” “Actually，it’s a great loss to all the services that rely on recreation and tourism，including hotels，restaurants and everything else.The severe impact of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive，” said Lisa Levin，scientist at the University of California San Diego. In areas traditionally called “dead zones”，like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico，oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones，their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”．Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals，get in the way of reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide，a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can thrive(茁壮成长) in “dead zones”，overall biodiversity falls. Climate change causes issues in the open ocean due to warming waters preventing oxygen from reaching the interior.Additionally，the ocean as a whole holds less oxygen as it gets warmer.In coastal waters，land-based nutrient pollution causes algal blooms that deplete oxygen as the algae die and break down. People’s livelihoods are also on the line，the scientists reported，especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war against climate change now and win the war. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。人类活动对地球环境造成影响，进而导致海洋的含氧量下降，给依赖海洋生存和发展的产业带来巨大损失，要解决这个问题，必须控制人类的有害活动，打赢与气候变化的“战争”。 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The Earth becomes warmer and warmer. B．The amount of sea water is increasing. C．The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D．The ocean has been losing its oxygen. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要说明了海洋面临的状况，随着地球变暖，零氧区域不断增加，海洋的氧气含量在不断下降，即海洋一直在失去氧气，故选D。 2．What can we infer from Denise Breitburg and Lisa Levin’s words? A．Different oceans have different levels of oxygen. B．The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences. C．The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen. D．The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans”和“Actually，it’s a great loss to all the services that...The severe impact of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive”可知，Denise Breitburg和Lisa Levin的话说明氧气是海洋里所有生命生存的基础，海洋氧气的减少给很多行业带来巨大损失，由此可推知，海洋氧气的减少会产生很大的影响，故选B。 3．How do the “dead zones” affect sea animals? A．They offer more food. B．They form dangerous gases. C．They reduce sea animals’ living areas. D．They produce more carbon dioxide. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“In areas traditionally called ‘dead zones’ ...As fish avoid these zones，their habitats become smaller...”可知，在“死亡地带”，因为氧气量大幅下跌，许多动物死去，而由于鱼类会避开这些区域，它们的栖息地变得更小，即海洋动物的生存空间小了。故选C。 4．How can we win the war according to the text? A．By closing smaller fisheries. B．By controlling humans’ bad activities. C．By improving people’s living standards. D．By stopping nutrients entering the ocean. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.”可知，是人类活动影响了地球环境，从而导致了海洋氧气的减少，所以要打赢这场(与气候变化的)战争就必须控制人类的有害活动，故选B。 B Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home，their historical range(历史分布范围) in the Ili-Balkhash region，have been announced by Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦) and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed.“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov，the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. If successful，Kazakhstan will be the first to bring wild tigers back to a region after half a century.Only reintroduction projects within national borders and current tiger habitats have been achieved.Kazakhstan’s program is unique and urgently requires restoring a vast forest part of the wild tiger’s historical range. Since the beginning of the 20th century，wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range.Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.To prepare for the return of wild tigers，Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili-Balkhash，in order to restore the unique forest habitat.This will include the protection of existing wildlife，and reintroducing important prey(猎物)，such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer(中亚红鹿)． Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea，formerly the world’s fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size.“The hard work remains ahead of us.We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen.That means dealing with illegal activities，having these people who govern parks be well-trained and equipped，increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva，Director of the WWF program. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈萨克斯坦重新引进野生老虎的计划。 5．What is Askar Myrzakhmetov’s attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Concerned. D．Disapproving. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。由第一段中的“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region”可以推断，Askar Myrzakhmetov对重新引进老虎的项目是支持的。故选B。 6．What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili-Balkhash region? A．The increasing loss of prey. B．The evolution of the species. C．The lack of natural living places. D．The serious environmental pollution. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.”可知，19世纪40年代末野生老虎在此区域完全消失是由于栖息地的丧失。故选C。 7．Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers? A．Regulating human activities. B．Limiting the number of prey. C．Building a reserve for tigers only. D．Training tigers to be more adaptable. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers...That means dealing with illegal activities...”可知，实施这个项目需要做很多准备工作，其中包含处理违法活动，即规范人类的活动。故选A。 8．What is the best title of the passage? A．Efforts to Restore Forests in Kazakhstan B．Bringing Tigers Back Home to Kazakhstan C．Attempts to Handle Illegal Activities Effectively D．Preventing Tigers Disappearing in Kazakhstan 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章一开始就介绍了哈萨克斯坦准备重新引进野生老虎的计划，下文是对这一计划的背景、内容、意义、准备工作等方面的展开介绍。所以选项B与文章主旨一致，最适合作本文的标题。故选B。 训练2　Topic Talk(B) [分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A A South Korean company is operating the country’s largest indoor “smart farm” inside a former road tunnel(隧道)．The farm produces fruits and vegetables hydroponically(以水栽培的方式)，which means the plants do not grow in the ground.Instead，they grow on vertical(垂直的) equipment that provides a continuous flow of water. There are other vertical smart farms in South Korea.But this one，built by the company NextOn about 200 kilometers south of Seoul，is the nation’s biggest.It is also one of the largest indoor vertical farms in the world，with a total area of 2,300 square meters.But what makes the farm even more unusual is the fact that it sits inside a huge tunnel.The tunnel was built in 1970 for one of South Korea’s first major highways，but it closed down in 2002.NextOn signed an agreement with the government to take over the tunnel and turn it into a high-tech farm. NextOn officials say the tunnel environment provides ideal conditions for an indoor farm.It keeps a steady temperature of between 10 and 22 degrees Celsius.The tunnel is also completely dark，making it easier to provide exactly the night amount of artificial light. The farming system can produce more than 60 different kinds of fruits and vegetables.The company said foods produced in the indoor farm are also healthier since harmful chemicals are not necessary to prevent large insect attacks.It can be difficult，though，for smart farmers to make a profit because of the high cost of building and operating.But NextOn said it cut its building costs in half by using the former tunnel and developing its own lighting and water systems.These technologies reduced water and energy use and the need for workers.Sensors also measure things such as temperature，light and air quality. In South Korea，indoor vertical farming is seen as a possible solution to crop damage related to extreme weather that could get worse due to climate change.The country’s farming industry has also been hurt by shortages of land and workers. The company says it plans to expand its farm inside the tunnel in the near future to begin growing even more kinds of fruits，as well as plants used for medical purposes. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了一家韩国公司正在运营韩国最大的室内“智能农场”，与众不同的是，该农场位于一条废弃的公路隧道内。 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The advantages of smart farms. B．How special the smart farm of NextOn is. C．What role NextOn plays in smart farms. D．The history of the company NextOn. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。由第二段内容可知，这座由NextOn公司在首尔以南200公里处建造的农场是韩国最大的垂直智能农场，也是世界上最大的室内垂直农场之一。但让这个农场更不寻常的是它坐落在一条巨大的隧道内，尤其根据more unusual推知，第二段主要谈论NextOn的智能农场有多特别。故选B。 2．How are the products from the indoor farm compared with traditional ones? A．They’re healthier. B．They cost less. C．They’re richer in sugar. D．They bring a smaller profit. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“The company said foods produced in the indoor farm are also healthier...prevent large insect attacks.”可知，这座室内农场的产品比常规产品更健康。故选A。 3．Which of the following is a reason for South Korea’s turning to vertical smart farms? A．Its lack of labor. B．Its lack of water. C．Its food shortage. D．Its poor air quality. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段“In South Korea，indoor vertical farming is seen as a possible solution...also been hurt by shortages of land and workers.”可知，韩国转向垂直智能农场是由于极端天气、土地和工人短缺情况的影响。故选A。 4．What is the company’s attitude to the future of the smart farms in the tunnel? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Carefree. D．Doubtful. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。由最后一段“The company says it plans to expand its farm...plants used for medical purposes.”可知，该公司未来要扩大生产，种植更多种类的水果和药用植物，说明该公司对其前景持积极态度。故选B。 B Imagine being able to pop to your local park and pick some tomatoes，potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner.Sounds too good to be true，right? For residents of Andernach，Germany，it’s not just a dream—it’s their reality. In 2010，Andernach began its edible(可食用的)city project，planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre.Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows，as are any other visitors.The town’s motto of sorts is “Picking is encouraged—help yourself！” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted.In 2011,100 types of beans were planted，while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. It’s a community effort，as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens.This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting，cultivating and harvesting food. An Andernach resident spoke to DW，“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home.Everything is easily accessible.There aren’t any fences.You just take what you need.The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone！” Andernach may have been the first in Germany，but it isn’t the only edible city.It’s part of the Edible Cities Network，a project funded by European Union to connect green urban foot initiatives around the world.Other cities include Carthage in Tunisia，Havana in Cuba and Sempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia.In February 2022，the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place.Dr Ina Saumel，principal investigator of the Edible Cities Network，called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table”． Ultimately，the Edible Cities Network aims to give people “greener，more edible and，above all，more livable cities”．It is a response to the pressures of global climate change，and a significant cause full of hope. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安德纳赫地区的一项可食用城市项目。 5．What can residents do in public green spaces according to the edible city project? A．Sell the produce they grow there. B．Learn knowledge about planting. C．Grow whatever plant as they like. D．Pay to pick some vegetables there. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting，cultivating and harvesting food.”可知，居民可以学习一些种植的知识。故选B。 6．Which words can best describe the edible city project in Andernach? A．Novel and popular. B．Creative and costly. C．Common and fundamental. D．Rare and unacceptable. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，可食用城市项目鼓励人们自由采摘公共绿地种植的蔬果，而且每年都会有新的品种，可推知这种做法比较新颖。根据第四段中“The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone！”可知，可食用城市项目种植的东西很受人们欢迎，行动慢了就没了。故选A。 7．What can we know about the Edible Cities Network according to paragraph 5? A．Andernach is the only city to carry it out. B．European Union originally established it. C．The Conference helps combine its theories with practices. D．It invites people to share meals together. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“Dr Ina Saumel...called it ‘a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table’．”可知，大会有助于将Edible Cities Network的理论和实践结合起来。故选C。 8．What is the purpose of the Edible Cities Network? A．To help residents relieve their pressure. B．To involve residents in urban planting. C．To increase the produce supply in cities. D．To create environmentally friendly cities. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately，the Edible Cities Network aims to give people ‘greener，more edible and，above all，more liveable cities’．”可知，Edible Cities Network的目标是创建更宜居、更环保的绿色城市。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2024·浙江宁波期中) The UK，Finland，Germany，and Sweden are consistently the top performers in European tech ecosystems.These countries also have the largest economies in Europe. 1 Well，let’s find out now. 2 Even more amazing? This country is home to many basic scientific principles.The world’s first steam engines，electric motors，the Internet，and the jet engine are all inventions of this country.The UK government and its businesses have been spending billions of dollars on research and development to drive innovation in biotech. Finland is second in digital life overall，and first in cashless payment.This is because the Internet plays a vital role in Finland’s digital life.High-speed Internet access and freedom of speech make the Finnish ecosystem more sustainable，with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas. 3 Since the beginning，Germany’s industry has supported scientific research.German society and economy take pride in their research-development efforts. 4 Mercedes，BMW，and Volkswagen are some examples. Sweden is a leader in technological innovation，with remarkable achievements in web development and mobile apps.For years，Ericsson and other large tech companies dominated the market. 5 Other Swedish companies like Spotify，Torrent，and Skype are now leading the charge. Above are some European countries with the most advanced technological and digital expertise.As we know，the race for technological progress between countries is never over. A．Here comes the truth. B．The tide has turned today. C．Most residents there can switch on easily. D．We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare. E．Not all the countries experienced the smooth development. F．This is supported by evidence from global automotive brands. G．The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章比较了欧洲科技生态系统中表现最好的国家——英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典。 1．答案　D 解析　根据空后的“Well，let’s find out now.”以及下文可知，文章是对这四个欧洲国家的科技进行了比较。D项“We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare.”可以引出下文段落中的比较。故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　根据下文可知，本段讲的是英国的科技。G项“The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world.”符合语境，且“Even more amazing? ”是对G项的肯定，并为下文“This country is home to many basic scientific principles.”作铺垫。故选G。 3．答案　C 解析　上文“High-speed Internet access...with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas.”说明了网络很好地覆盖了芬兰的偏远地区。C项“Most residents there can switch on easily.”与上文形成顺承关系，且C项中的“there”指上文中的“in remote areas”。故选C。 4．答案　F 解析　下文“Mercedes，BMW，and Volkswagen are some examples.”提到了一些汽车品牌。F项“This is supported by evidence from global automotive brands.”能够自然地引出下文。故选F。 5．答案　B 解析　上文“For years，Ericsson and other large tech companies dominated the market.”与下文“Other Swedish companies like Spotify，Torrent，and Skype are now leading the charge.”形成了转折，即主导市场的科技公司发生了变化。B项“The tide has turned today.”作为过渡句，符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $