UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Lesson 3 Getting to the Top（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3　Getting to the Top Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．What it means and takes to get to the top. B．How important it is to push the limits and extremes. C．There was nothing，only medals in the players’ eyes. D．There was no good reason for giving up so much. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 (Paras.1－4)The situation the writer faces Things she 1.gives up as an Olympic athlete Her friends’ 2.worries about her Her 3.responses/reactions to their worries The 4.fears she faces on a daily basis (Paras.5－8) The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5.drive and determination Doing little 6.extra thing in preparation Being totally 7.committed to her sport Being 8.willing to do what might take her to the top Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why do Olympic athletes challenge themselves to the limits? A．Because they want to win in sport. B．Because their parents force them to do it. C．Because they like it. D．Because they have no friends. 答案　A 2．What’s the reason why the author could have become angry about what her friends said，but she didn’t? A．The reason was that she was unhealthy. B．The reason was that they misunderstood her. C．The reason was that they knew her hardship. D．The reason was that some of what they said were true. 答案　D 3．What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The author’s childhood. B．The author’s inside drive to do the best. C．The author’s sport as a child. D．The author’s swimming experience as a small girl. 答案　B 4．What should a professional athlete be? A．Determined. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Careful. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 As an Olympic athlete，I push 1.myself(I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.being left(leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training. To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3.basis(base)．I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.to handle(handle)．I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5.ruined(ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this：I was born with 6.an enormous amount of drive and determination.7.Since my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes. You may think my lifestyle is 8.unhealthy(healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9.totally(total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.from other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness. 补句子　析结构 1．As one of the Olympic athletes(athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving(give) up so much.(P36 Para.1) 结构分析：此句话为并列句。在第一个分句中含有三个并列的谓语动词；在第二个分句中，含有一个固定句型there is a very good reason for...“有一个很好的理由……”。 汉语翻译： 作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。 2．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left(leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1) 结构分析：此句话为复合句，两个that引导并列宾语从句；第二个with后有两个宾语a world championship medal和no one，第二个宾语与后面的不定式构成了with复合结构。 汉语翻译：他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。 3．I was pushing the limits and extremes(extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2) 结构分析：此句话为复合句。what 引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。 4．I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring(hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4) 结构分析：此句话为复合句。其中分词短语ruining...和almost missing...作结果状语；because引导原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；为了和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练，我忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，差点错过哥哥的婚礼。 5．In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting injured(injure)，“I’d prefer to have(have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7) 结构分析：此句话为复合句。句中even if引导让步状语从句，主句为直接引语。 汉语翻译：用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我也宁愿有三到四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。” 6．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8) 结构分析：此句话为复合句。其中what引导宾语从句，because 引导原因状语从句，that might take us to the top为定语从句。 汉语翻译：作为运动员，我们所做的事让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，这可能让我们走向顶峰。 7．It is certainly not a balanced way to live(live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness(great)．(P37 Para.8) 结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。其中but连接两个并列分句，第二个分句中，who引导定语从句。 汉语翻译：它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。 strive vi.努力；奋斗 strive for为……奋斗；争取…… strive against/with反抗……；与……作斗争 strive to do sth努力做某事 (1)Don’t strive merely for the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance. (2)Every day he has to strive against/with distraction in order to study better. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之建议信)不管以前做得多么好，你都应该始终努力取得更大的进步。 You should always strive to make greater progress，however well you have done before. ruin vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋，毁坏 n．废墟；毁灭 •ruin one’s hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会 ruin oneself自我毁灭 •in ruins破败不堪；严重受损 (1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay in ruins. (2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin himself(he) by drinking too much sooner or later. [写作佳句] (3)许多房屋和道路都成了废墟，人们陷入无尽的恐慌之中。(独立主格) Numerous houses and roads in ruins，people were into a limitless panic. apply oneself to (doing) sth 努力；专心致志于(做)某事(applicant n．申请人 application n．申请，请求；申请书；运用) apply (to...) for...(向……)申请…… apply to适用于；与……有关 apply...to...把……运用到……；把……涂到…… (1)I applied to the company for a position but was rejected by it. (2)The most important thing is that you should apply what you have learned to practice. (3)All the applicants have handed in their applications to take part in the innovation competition.(apply) [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)希望您能考虑我的申请，我相信我不会让您失望的。 Hopefully，you can take my application into consideration and I am sure I won’t let you down. set sb/sth apart 使与众不同 tell...apart 把……区分开 tear...apart (from)把……撕开；强行使……离开…… fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 take...apart将……拆开 (1)用apart短语的正确形式填空 ①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t tear her apart from the cellphone. ②Ultimately，their country fell apart because of political conflicts. ③It is her outstanding performance that sets her apart from others. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之动作链描写)当他看到那个旧钟时，他把它拆开，找出哪里出了问题，然后把整个钟重新组装起来。 When he saw the old clock，he took it apart，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again. average adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n．平均数；平均水平 above/below the average高/低于平均水平 on average平均；一般地 (1)She runs on average about 15 miles every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather. [写作佳句] (2)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。 The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply in recent years，making it possible for us to study online. the way 作先行词的定语从句 Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5) 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句；第一个分句是祈使句，if引导条件状语从句；第二个分句中含有no matter what引导的让步状语从句，I’m applying myself to是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰what。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— the way作先行词时，如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺状语，则用that或者in which 引导定语从句，关系词可以省略。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。 Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways that/which are of great benefit to our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best. (2)我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse. (3)你能告诉我你解那道题使用的方法吗？ Can you tell me the way that/which you use to solve the problem？ 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分的句子，并回答其后的问题。 Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever. 1．不定冠词通常表示不确定，即泛指。a用在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在发音以元音音素开头的单词前，如句(3)。 2．定冠词一般表示确定，即特指，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。 3．有些名词前既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词，称作零冠词，如句(4)。 冠词 冠词是一个虚词，它置于名词之前，限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类。 一、不定冠词的用法 1．不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个，也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。 Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals. 北极熊大多数生活在海冰上，它们将海冰作为捕捉海豹的平台。 Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 思本斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生在牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习。” 2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。 He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump. 他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中将得到再一次机会。 3．用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。 4．用于不可数名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一份”等。 All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，门外有人大声敲门。 5．用于专有名词前，相当于a certain，意为“某个” “一个”。 The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown. 隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生买走了。 6．用在一些固定短语中 as a result结果 as a whole总体上 at a loss不知所措 in a way在某种程度上 in a word总之 in a hurry匆忙 二、定冠词的用法 1．特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。 They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader. 他们选汤姆做团队的队长，因为他们知道他是一位智慧的领导。 2．用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。 The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin. 男孩没有回应，只是看着天空中的星星继续拉小提琴。 3．用于形容词、副词最高级，序数词或方位词之前。 It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall. 这是该国南部的城市第一次经历最严重的降雨。 4．用于姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。 The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s. 里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州闯荡。 5．用于单数名词前表示类别。 The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out. 狮子是一种凶猛的动物，它也有灭绝的危险。 6．用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前，表示一类人或物。 It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.据报道，伤者已被送往医院。 Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor. 事实上，富人不总是比穷人幸福。 7．用于西洋乐器名词前。 She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano. 她刚写完作业，妈妈就让她练钢琴。 8．用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。 Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion. 20世纪90年代以来，出国留学已成为一种潮流。 It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.这座古建筑据说可以追溯到明代。 9．用于表示江河海洋的名词前。 the Changjiang/Yangtze River长江 the Red Sea红海 10．在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词的意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在……前面 in the front of在……范围内的前部 in hospital(生病)住院 in the hospital在医院里 三、零冠词的用法 1．表示泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数前不用冠词。 Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning. 我一大清早醒来，天正在下雪。 2．球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。 I like playing baseball.What about you? 我喜欢打棒球，你呢？ 3．作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。 They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability. 他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。 I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council.我是李明，校学生会主席。 4．非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前不用冠词。 The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June. 工人们必须在六月底完成该项目。 We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William? 我们要举办一次聚会。威廉先生，您会留下吃午餐吗？ 5．一些表示地点的名词，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，当人们在这些地方做应该做的事时，不加冠词。 go home回家 go to school去上学 go to bed睡觉 in hospital住院 go to work上班 注意：如果在上述词组中加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如： He came to the school to speak to the headmaster. 他来学校和校长谈话。 His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her. 他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。 6．用在一些固定短语中 at present目前　at risk处于危险中 by hand用手工　by weight按重量 by chance偶然　by plane乘飞机 by mistake错误地　in trouble在困境中 in need需要　in advance提前 under repair在修理中　lose heart灰心 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to a university. 2．Many people got injured in the accident but fortunately，nobody was killed. 3．I rushed back to the dormitory for him，only to find he had left. 4．We keep a cat and two dogs.The cat is black and the dogs are white. 5．The biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of an 8-story building. 6．To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him a second chance. 7．He not only is the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour. 8．I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on the head. 9．She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight. 10．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．教授犯了一个可怕的错误，几乎毁了他的职业生涯。 The professor made a terrible mistake，which almost ruined his career. 2．看到他在舞台上完美地弹钢琴，我从心底感到自豪。 Seeing him playing the piano perfectly on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart. 3．她很快意识到这可能是因为她坐在最后一排。 She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in the last row. 4．因此，他们与周围人的交流变得越来越少。 As a result，their communication with people around them becomes less and less. 5．音乐在我的生活中扮演着如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就听。 Music plays such an important part/role in my life that I listen to it whenever I can. Ⅲ.用恰当的冠词完成下列语段 On 1.an extremely warm day，I looked at 2.the window and saw 3.a bird perching in 4.the tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.5.The bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6.a cat appeared and 7.the bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8./ danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9.the cat drew near.What 10.an unforgettable day！ 训练7　Lesson 3(A) [分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分) 1．这名外国学生专注地学汉语，很快就可以说得很流畅了。(apply oneself to) The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency. 2．他读了很多中文小说，写了很多日记，这使他与其他外国学生不同。(set sb apart；非限制性定语从句) He read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students. 3．教授认为他是一个优秀的外语学习者，他的成绩高于平均水平。(average；并列句) The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average. 4．此外，他与老师和同学交谈的方式非常有礼貌。(the way 作先行词的定语从句) Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite. 5．他完全明白，决心、勇敢和勤奋可以帮助他追求卓越。(strive；宾语从句) He fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.That was because he read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.Actually，he fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Imagine reading a story titled “Pursuing Success”．That would be an inspiring story，wouldn’t it? Maybe—but maybe not.It might well be the story of someone whose never-ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness.Though it isn’t a conventional medical addiction，for many people success has addictive properties. Obviously，success goes with praise.To a certain extent，praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine(神经递质多巴胺)，which contributes to all addictive behaviors. The desire for success may be born to human nature，but specialness doesn’t come cheap.Success is tough work，and it requires bearing the cost of losing.In the 1980s，the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered. Unfortunately，success is endless.The goal can’t be satisfactory; most people never feel “successful enough”．The high only lasts a day or two，and then it’s on to the next goal.Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill(享乐跑步机现象)，in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind. People should get off the treadmill.But quitting isn’t easy for addicts.For people hooked on substances，withdrawal can be a painful experience，both physically and psychologically.Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end.Olympic athletes，in particular，suffer from the “post-Olympic blues”． Just like wine，success in and of itself is not a bad thing.Both can bring fun and sweetness to life.But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—instead of a complement(补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be the center of our lives. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成功是艰苦的工作，它要求承担失败的代价，带来的快乐却很短暂。对此，作者建议人们不要一味追求成功，应该思考自己生活中真正重要的东西是什么。 1．What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A．Success doesn’t always bring positive results. B．A traditional，medical addiction leads to success. C．The passion for constant success is rarely praised. D．Success addiction has already drawn wide attention. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“It might well be the story of someone whose never-ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness.”可推知，成功并不总是带来积极的结果。故选A。 2．Why did the author mention the research findings of Robert Goldman? A．To stress the key to success lies in efforts. B．To show success is a tough and cruel job. C．To argue that athletes deserve more rewards. D．To describe the routine training of an ordinary athlete. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Success is tough work，and it requires bearing the cost of losing.In the 1980s，the physician Robert Goldman famously found...”可推知，作者提到Robert Goldman的研究结果是为了说明成功是一项艰难而残酷的工作。故选B。 3．What can success bring to a success addict according to psychologists? A．Satisfaction and a sense of pride. B．Anxiety and short-lived happiness. C．Relaxation and endless motivation. D．Confidence and permanent happiness. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段末句“Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill(享乐跑步机现象) in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.”和倒数第二段末句“Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among...”可知，心理学家认为，成功会给成功成瘾者带来焦虑和短暂的快乐。故选B。 4．What does the author suggest people do about pursuing success? A．Stop chasing success. B．Chase success at any cost. C．Reflect on what matters in life. D．Give up love and relationships. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—instead of a complement(补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be at the center of our lives.”可推知，关于追求成功，作者建议人们思考生命中什么才是重要的。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Through the work we do，our goals can 1. (realize) and our dreams fulfilled.Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be，work allows 2. (we) the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of,3. gives us a great sense of satisfaction. Work provides room for personal growth，and helps us to live up to our 4.__________(expectation)．When we apply 5. a new job，we need to make our applications impressive to show our suitability for the role.In addition，we must be ready to acquire new skills.This can add to our sense of 6. (achieve) and improve our working efficiency. Work is not only 7. (benefit) to our personal development，but it also contributes to the health of the society.In a successful and stable society，all jobs are 8. (equal) important and no one is better than the other，so we should not have prejudice(偏见) against anyone.Work is such 9. important part in our daily life and we should take the inspiration from the knowledge that 10. (work) hard is important for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole. 语篇解读　本文为议论文。文章讨论了努力工作对个人的发展和社会的利益都是极其重要的。 1．答案　be realized 解析　考查谓语动词及语态。设空处在句中与can一起构成谓语，和主语our goals之间为被动关系，空前为can，设空处应用be done形式。故填be realized。 2．答案　us 解析　考查代词。设空处作动词allows的宾语，应用宾格的形式。故填us。 3．答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为前面整个句子。故填which。 4．答案　expectations 解析　考查名词复数。设空处在句中作介词的宾语，应用名词的形式，expectation表示“期望、愿望”时为可数名词，空前为our，可知应用名词的复数形式。故填expectations。 5．答案　for 解析　考查介词。apply for“申请”是固定短语。故填for。 6．答案　achievement 解析　考查名词。空处应填名词作宾语，achievement“成就”符合题意，a sense of achievement“成就感”是固定搭配。故填achievement。 7．答案　beneficial 解析　考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作表语，be beneficial to“对……有益”是固定搭配。故填beneficial。 8．答案　equally 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词important应用副词形式作状语。故填equally。 9．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。part“部分”是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，空后important为元音音素开头的形容词。故填an。 10．答案　working 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处作that引导的同位语从句中的主语，应用动名词形式。故填working。 训练8　Lesson 3(B) [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·安徽滁州九校联考) Glenn was born on July 18,1921，in Cambridge and grew up in nearby New Concord，Ohio.He started his flying career as a fighter pilot(飞行员)．Later，Glenn took a dangerous job as a test pilot，flying new planes to see if they were safe. In the late 1950s，a “space race” began between the U．S.and the Soviet Union.Both countries wanted to be the first to send a human into space，including to the moon.In 1961，a Russian astronaut，Yuri Gagarin，orbited Earth.But the space race was not over yet.Glenn’s chance to go into space came on February 20,1962.By that time，another American，Alan B．Shepard，had flown in space，but he had not orbited Earth.Glenn’s flight was aired live on television and radio.Americans everywhere stopped to watch. Glenn’s Friendship 7 capsule circled the planet three times.A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth，but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship. In 1984，Glenn ran for president，but he did not get enough support and dropped out of the race.Glenn returned to space on October 29,1998，when he was 77.He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery.Glenn went so that scientists could know the effects of space travel on older people.He holds the record for being the oldest person in space.Glenn died Thursday，Dec,8,2016，at the age of 95. Glenn refused to see himself as a hero.He preferred to focus on his work，saying，“If there is one thing I’ve learned in my years on this planet，it’s that the happiest people I’ve known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more meaningful than merely their own self-interest.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了美国首位绕地球飞行的航天员约翰·格伦。 1．What do we know about Glenn? A．He worked as a fighter pilot in all his life. B．He succeeded in the race for president in 1984. C．He competed with another pilot Alan B．Shepard in space race. D．He was the first American to circle Earth successfully. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Glenn成为第一个坐宇宙飞船绕地球飞行的美国人。故选D。 2．What happened during Glenn’s return to Earth? A．The capsule opened while circling Earth. B．One part of the equipment went wrong. C．The capsule was on fire all of a sudden. D．The spaceship stopped working halfway. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Glenn返回地球时，设备的一部分出了毛病。故选B。 3．Why did Glenn return to space in 1998? A．To prove the safety of new space shuttles. B．To get support for his running for president. C．To test how space travel affected the elderly. D．To become the oldest person in space by orbiting Earth. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三、四句可知，在1998年Glenn回到太空是为了测试太空旅行对老年人的影响。故选C。 4．What can we learn from Glenn’s words in the last paragraph? A．Selfish people care for their own interests. B．Happy people are likely to succeed easily. C．He has known most of the successful people. D．The people who work for others are the happiest. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可推知为别人工作的人是最幸福的。故选D。 B (2024·江苏南京六校调研) For many of us，there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book.Whether it’s a crime story or a biography of someone’s amazing life，it’s good to read a book to switch off from the distractions of everyday life and help us relax.Maybe that’s why some of them are actually described as a therapy to sickness. It may seem obvious that reading is good for us.It can be educational，and，as some say，it can “broaden the mind”．A good novel can make us happy or sad，or make us cry as we sympathize with characters.The power of books was recognized a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency，who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients，concerning topics from depression to chronic(慢性的) pain.It called this “bibliotherapy” and it’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as well. Professor Philip Davis studies the effects of literature and is author of a book called Reading for Life.He studied people in reading groups and found that it’s reading literature—written works thought to have artistic value，that has the best effect.“When reading something for pleasure，the brain begins to work from different parts，from a different hemisphere and it gets excited，it gets pre-emotional—and you can see the brain coming to life，” he said. Of course，it’s easy in our smartphone generation to desert a good book and play with our phones instead.But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health.It’s thought they can help you set targets and find focus.And they may allow you to see that awkward situation you’ve been anxious about for weeks from someone else’s perspective. If you’re not a keen reader，it can be hard to know where to begin.If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal，you could read book reviews，visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend.Once you’ve found the right text，you’ll be attracted! And if you still love your technology，you could always use an e-reader. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了书籍的力量，我们可以通过阅读一本书来放松自己，摆脱日常生活中的纷纷扰扰。 5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs? A．Books are a better way to cure sickness. B．Reading allows one to focus on daily life. C．“Bibliotherapy” has proved effective for adults. D．Reading Agency first realized the power of books. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段最后两句可知，已经证明“阅读疗法”对成年人有效。故选C。 6．According to Professor Philip Davis， . A．not all literature has artistic value B．written works have educational value C．literature is a main source of pleasure D．reading literature can activate the brain 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“When reading something for pleasure...you can see the brain coming to life”可知，菲利普·戴维斯教授认为阅读文学作品可以使大脑变得活跃。故选D。 7．What is the advantage of paperbacks over smartphones? A．They are less addictive. B．They are more accessible. C．They benefit your mental health. D．They rid you of awkward situations. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，与智能手机相比，平装书有益于促进或保持心理健康。故选C。 8．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To state functions of various books. B．To value medical effects of reading. C．To advocate people do more reading. D．To recommend books listed in Reading Agency. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第二段第一、二句和最后一段第二、三句可知，本文主要介绍了书籍的重要作用，目的是倡导人们多读书。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Joy took Teresa’s hand in its mouth and led her to the living room.Her son，Dominic,20，lay in a chair with his eyes closed and 1 for breath.Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too 2 . Two years ago，when Dominic met Joy，he had no idea how 3 it would become to him.Driving home，he noticed a 4 dog along the road.Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet who said the dog might not 5 the bad condition it was in.The boy left with worry. One week later，Dominic returned to the vet，only to be 6 to see the dog come closer with all its strength and 7 him like an old friend! The boy laughed.He kept the dog，named it Joy and 8 it back to health. Soon Joy had the chance to return the 9 .Dominic had his first allergy attack four months later.He suddenly 10 at the gate where Joy kept barking hard for attention until the mom rushed out in time. Since then there has been a special 11 between Dominic and Joy.The dog is gentle，sensitive and 12 ，staying close to Dominic day and night.“I can be 13 ，” his mother says，“knowing that Joy is watching over Dominic.” Her son puts it more 14 ，“Joy and I 15 each other.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个名叫多米尼克的男孩和一只名叫乔伊的狗相互拯救的感人故事。 1．A.waved B．struggled C．hoped D．cried 答案　B 解析　wave挥手；struggle努力；hope希望；cry哭泣。根据下文中的“the boy was saved again”可推知，多米尼克闭着眼睛躺在椅子上，努力呼吸。故选B。 2．A.late B．expensive C．quick D．difficult 答案　A 解析　late迟的；expensive昂贵的；quick快速的；difficult困难的。根据“Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again”可知，多亏了这只狗，男孩在为时已晚之前又得救了。故选A。 3．A.friendly B．lovely C．significant D．clever 答案　C 解析　friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；significant有意义的，重要的；clever聪明的。 根据上文“ Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too .”可知，当多米尼克遇到乔伊时，他还不知道它对他来说有多么重要。故选C。 4．A.neat B．weak C．pretty D．gentle 答案　B 解析　neat整齐的；weak虚弱的；pretty漂亮的；gentle温柔的。根据下文“Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet”可知，他注意到路边有一条看起来很虚弱的狗。故选B。 5．A.recognize B．survive C．change D．expect 答案　B 解析　recognize识别；survive幸存，艰难度过；expect期望。根据“the bad condition it was in”以及下文的“The boy left with worry.”可知，兽医说这只狗在这种糟糕的情况下可能活不了。故选B。 6．A.amazed B．panicked C．encouraged D．disappointed 答案　A 解析　amazed惊讶的；panicked惊慌的；encouraged受鼓励的；disappointed失望的。根据该句中的“to see the dog come closer with all its strength and him like an old friend”可知，多米尼克回到兽医那里，这只狗使出全身的力气走近他，像老朋友一样欢迎他，这让多米尼克很惊讶。故选A。 7．A.teach B．guide C．know D．greet 答案　D 解析　guide指导；greet打招呼，欢迎。根据上文“to see the dog come closer with all its strength”可推知，狗使出全身的力气走近他，像老朋友一样欢迎他！故选D。 8．A.pushed B．repaid C．nursed D．sent 答案　C 解析　push推；repay偿还；nurse照料；send寄。根据该句中“He kept the dog”以及“back to health”可推知，多米尼克收养了这只狗，悉心照料，让它恢复了健康。故选C。 9．A.favor B．value C．patience D．praise 答案　A 解析　favor恩惠；value价值；patience耐心；praise赞扬。根据上文“He kept the dog，named it Joy and it back to health.”可知，多米尼克对乔伊很好，不久，乔伊有机会回报他对它的恩惠。故选A。 10．A.passed away B．stopped by C．fell apart D．passed out 答案　D 解析　pass away去世；stop by顺便拜访；fall apart破裂，崩溃；pass out昏倒。根据上文“Dominic had his first allergy attack four months later.”可知，多米尼克过敏发作，突然昏倒，乔伊不停地叫着以引起注意。故选D。 11．A.direction B．team C．connection D．function 答案　C 解析　direction方向；team队伍；connection联系；function功能。根据下文“The dog is gentle，sensitive and ，staying close to Dominic day and night.”可知，多米尼克和乔伊之间建立了一种特殊的联系。故选C。 12．A.protective B．comfortable C．amusing D．polite 答案　A 解析　protective保护的；comfortable舒服的；amusing有趣的；polite礼貌的。根据“gentle，sensitive”以及“staying close to Dominic day and night”可知，这只狗温柔、敏感、有保护欲，日夜不离多米尼克的身边。故选A。 13．A.at a loss B．careless C．hesitant D．at peace 答案　D 解析　at a loss不知所措；hesitant犹豫的；at peace平静，安心。根据下文“knowing that Joy is watching over Dominic”可知，有乔伊守护多米尼克，妈妈感觉心里平静，不必担心。故选D。 14．A.happily B．briefly C．frequently D．certainly 答案　B 解析　briefly简单地；frequently频繁地；certainly确切地，当然。根据下文“Joy and I each other.”可知，多米尼克用一句话简单地说明了自己和乔伊的关系。故选B。 15．A.wanted B．met C．saved D．encouraged 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too .”以及“Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet”可知，乔伊和多米尼克互相拯救了对方。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $