Unit 5 Section Ⅴ (2) Reading for Writing（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦有机农业与化学农业的对比阅读及议论文写作，通过细节理解题、文章架构分析、语言特征提炼（如问题句、定义句）、句式结构解析（复合句、非谓语动词）及写作模板（三段式结构、常用句式）搭建学习支架，引导学生从阅读输入过渡到写作输出。 资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，如细节题训练信息提取能力，语言特征分析提升表达准确性，写作指导中的范文及句式升级助学生构建议论文框架。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后通过课时精练与范文解析帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅴ　Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握] 1．According to the passage，what kind of people are organic farmers? A．Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers. B．Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers. C．Those who produce organic fertilisers. D．Those who care for the environment. 答案　B 2．What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to? A．Insects. B．Bacteria. C．Crops. D．Chemicals. 答案　C 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The chemicals in the soil will soon disappear. B．Pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria. C．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals. D．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast. 答案　D 4．How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted? A．By growing the same crops year after year. B．By using natural fertilisers. C．By changing crops every year. D．By using chemical fertilisers. 答案　C Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构] Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句] 1．Find out the sentences describing the problems of pesticides.(找出描写农药问题的句子) Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. 2．Find out the sentences describing the definition of organic farming.(找出描写有机农业定义的句子) Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. 3．Find out the sentences describing how organic farmers produce rich soil.(找出描写有机耕作的农民如何生产肥沃土壤的句子) They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year./Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句，When引导的是时间状语从句，动词不定式to fight...作后置定语，修饰a great way。 汉语翻译：引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。 2．Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s(people) health.(P55 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句，what引导的是主语从句，that引导的是表语从句。 汉语翻译：然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。 3．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful(harm) bacteria and insects, but also helpful (help) ones.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句，killing not only...是动词-ing形式作介词by的宾语。 汉语翻译：例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 4．This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，grown on the land是过去分词短语作后置定语，who digest them是定语从句。 汉语翻译：这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 5．In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the damage。 汉语翻译：事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。 6．They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more(much) water than essential minerals, and they often have less(little) flavour as well.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是由并列连词but和and连接的并列句。 汉语翻译：此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。 7．As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，and连接两个并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引导的时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 8．Organic farmers (farmer) also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句，that use different depths of soil是定语从句，修饰先行词diverse crops，to help keep it rich是不定式短语作目的状语。 汉语翻译：有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 9．The goal of using(use) different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句，to grow good food是不定式短语作表语，while avoiding...是状语从句的省略。 汉语翻译：采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。 10．Therefore, there is still a long way to find(find) a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy(health) as possible.(P56 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，while keeping...是状语从句的省略。 汉语翻译：因此，要想找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 too...to...结构 As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(P55 Para.2) 至于化肥，用其施肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。 结构分析：此句是简单句，grown with them是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义： •too后跟anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时； •too前有but, only, all等词对其进行修饰时； •否定词not, never等用在too前时。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫太伤心而不能控制他的情感，他不由自主地哭起来。意识到发生了什么，我非常乐意帮助他，于是我向他走去。 David was too sad to control his emotions and he wept uncontrollably.Realizing what happened, I was too willing/ready to help him, so I walked towards him. (2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高兴了。因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。 I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.Therefore, I can’t thank you too much. (3)(2023·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写) 当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，我激动得一句话也说不出来了。 I was too excited to utter a word when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing contest. 现在分词短语作结果状语 Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(P56 Para.4) 种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使土壤为种植下一批农作物做好准备。 结构分析：此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是Why引导的主语从句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引导的表语从句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是现在分词短语作结果状语。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— •现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果； •不定式作结果状语，则表示一种出乎意料的结果，往往用only/never to do结构。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(读后续写之绝望心理描写)Mac差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。 Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness. (2)(读后续写之心理描写)简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。 Jane left alone with extreme anger，only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest. 同位语从句 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(P56 Para.5) 他们不能这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对粮食的巨大需求。 结构分析：此句是一个复合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— •可以跟同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；诺言)，possibility等。 •引导同位语从句的连接词有： 从属连词that，whether，连接代词 what，who，which，连接副词 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能引导同位语从句) ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们听说老爷爷去世的消息时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。 When we heard the news that the old grandfather passed away，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes. (2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)妈妈建议我们在下一个村庄宿营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 My mother made a suggestion that we (should) camp in the next village，her eyes glittering with excitement. (3)他是否能够胜任这项工作还是个问题。 There is still a question whether he can be qualified for the job. (4)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)毫无疑问，即将举办的汉语工作坊旨在促进中英文化交流。 There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. 本单元要求写一篇议论性的文章。议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，而提出若干理由，试图说服他人。 1．首段常用句式： I’m sorry to hear/learn that... 听说……我很难过。 In my opinion，it is wrong to/that... 在我看来，……是错误的。 I don’t think it is a very good way to... 我认为……不是一个很好的方法。 Thank you for your letter asking me about... 谢谢你来信询问我有关…… I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up... 我写信是劝你放弃…… 2．中段常用句式： When it comes to...，most people believe that...，but other people regard...as... 当谈及……，大多数人认为……，但是其他人认为…… Here are my reasons.First of all，I think it would be better if... 我的理由如下。首先，我认为如果……会更好。 The reasons for...are as follows.First...Second...Last but not least... ……的原因如下。首先…… 第二……最后但同样重要的是…… On the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面…… No one can ignore the fact that... 没有人能忽视……的事实。 If I were you，I would... 如果我是你，我会…… 3．尾段常用句式： In short/In conclusion/In closing... 总之…… All things considered... 从各方面看来…… As far as I’m concerned... 就我而言…… From what has been discussed above... 通过以上讨论…… Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. 请考虑我的建议，做出最后的决定。 假如你是李华，你班就化学耕作和有机耕作进行了讨论，请写一篇文章阐述你的观点，内容包括： 1．有机农产品更健康，更让人放心； 2．有机农耕不会对环境造成破坏； 3．有机农耕让农民增加收入。 参考词汇：农药残留pesticide residues 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 写作要求是写一篇议论性文章。写作时应注意下面三点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇议论性文章，注意议论文的写作特点。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是发表自己的观点，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 谋篇 本文可以分为三个部分： 第一部分：引入话题； 第二部分：提出观点并阐述理由； 第三部分：总结全文，重申自己的观点，提出希望。 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇　(含本单元词汇) 1．有机耕作organic farming 2．有做某事的选择have the alternative of doing sth 3．深信be greatly convinced that 4．致力于做某事devote oneself to/be devoted to doing sth 5．认为……是assume sb/sth to be... 6．有营养的nutritious 7．对……非常必要 be essential to/for... 8．结果是……；原来是…… It turns out that... 连词成句　(含本单元句型) 1．我认为有机耕作优于化学耕作。(assume) I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming. 2．鉴于化学杀虫剂对作物有害，农民被禁止在有机耕作中喷洒它们。(given that) Given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming. 3．作物上没有农药残留。 There are no pesticide residues left on the crops. 4．农民使用天然的动物粪便。 Farmers use natural waste from animals. 5．它不仅有利于改善土壤状况而且能够使作物更有营养。 It will not only be good for improving the condition of the soil but also make crops more nutritious. 6．随着越来越多的人关注自己的健康，他们在商店购物时选择购买有机水果和蔬菜，尽管这些产品价格高。 As more and more people care about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，though the prices of these products are high. 7．我深信越来越多的农民未来将会致力于有机耕作。(convince；devote) I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming in the future. 第三步　句式升级 1．将句5改成倒装句。 Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious. 2．用with复合结构，despite代替though引导的让步状语从句改写句6。 With more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，despite the fact that the prices of these products are high. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming.Here are some reasons. Firstly，given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming.Thus，there are no pesticide residues left on them.Secondly，farmers use natural waste from animals.Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious.Thirdly，with more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，despite the fact that the prices of these products are high.It turns out that farmers can make more money. All in all，I think organic farming is essential to our physical health.I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming in the future. 课时精练(四) A卷(45分) Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分) (应用文写作之建议信) 1．现在你正全神贯注于一场中文诗歌朗诵比赛，这使你既焦虑又紧张。(现在分词短语作结果状语) Now you are focusing on a Chinese poetry reciting competition，making you anxious and nervous. 2．结果你晚上很难入睡。(It turns out that...) It turns out that you have great difficulty (in) falling asleep at night. 3．你不知道你该如何改变这种窘境。(同位语从句) You have no idea how you should change the dilemma. 4．在我看来，你可以选择与朋友和老师分享你的感受。(have the alternative of) In my opinion，you have the alternative of sharing your feelings with your friends and teachers. 5．此外，何不在比赛前轮流上台练习相关诗歌？(take turns to do) Besides，why not take turns to practice the relevant poems on the stage before the competition? Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic.Though the emissions of each farm would go down，much more food would have to be imported，as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly. “The key message from my perspective is that you can’t really have your cake and eat it，” says Laurence Smith，now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK，who was part of the team that ran the numbers.Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”，but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too. Farming and changes in land use，such as cutting down forests，are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming. Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are，on average,20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products.However，organic harvests per hectare(公顷) are also lower on average.For wheat and barley，for instance，harvests are just half of those of conventional farms.This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods. The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly，depending on where the extra farmland comes from.If only half comes from turning grassland into farms，the increase could be as low as 20 per cent.If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland，emissions could nearly double. This doesn’t necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce，says Smith.People might choose organic food for other reasons，such as to reduce their pesticide exposure(though contrary to popular belief，organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife. Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity.The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented(碎片化的)． Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time. 1．Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic? A．Organic farms take longer to build. B．The agricultural output will increase greatly. C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase. D．Greater demand for imported food will be created. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，如果一个国家的所有农场都转变为有机农业，虽然每个农场的温室气体排放量会下降，但农业产量也会大幅降低，必须进口更多的粮食，最终温室气体排放总量升高。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “merits” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changes. B．Challenges. C．Advantages. D．Differences. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“...but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反，故推知前句表示Smith认为有机农业有优点。故merits的意思是“优点”。故选C。 3．What did Smith and his colleagues find? A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests. B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country. C．Global warming could be brought under control. D．Land was not used in a responsible way. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“However，organic harvests...to grow the same amount of these foods.”可知，有机农业的收成也较低，种植出与传统农场相同数量的食物需要更多的土地。故相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地才能养活一个国家，故选B。 4．What is Smith’s proposal? A．Stopping using pesticides. B．Eating less organic produce. C．Going back to traditional farming. D．Adopting mixed farming methods. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.”可知，史密斯的提议是同时使用有机和传统的耕作方法，即采用混合耕作法。故选D。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你所在的中学正面向学生征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设线上课堂(online classrooms)。请给校长写一封电子邮件，表达你赞同开设线上课堂的观点，要点如下： 1．网上教学资源丰富； 2．在线学习效率更高； 3．线上课堂利于环保； 4．其他理由。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考范文 Dear Headmaster， We have been asked about our opinions on opening online classrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons. To begin with，everyone learns differently.Students can customise their smart devices with materials that fit their level and learning style.Moreover，when connected to the Internet，students can interact with teachers from all over the world and enjoy tons of useful materials，which obviously will enable them to learn more efficiently.For the sake of environmental protection，opening online classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly，I believe students will develop their interest by enjoying a new way of learning. I genuinely hope you would take my ideas into consideration. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课时精练(四) B卷(32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Banker Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to the countryside in Pittstown，New Jersey，seven years ago.Surrounded by working farms，he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea and rented a piece of 30-by-30-foot land.He planted tomatoes，eggplants and other vegetables—enough to feed his family of four for the summer.He ended up with so much produce; he couldn’t give it away.He found a local food factory，and donated(捐赠) 120 pounds of fresh vegetables. The following year，with a handful of volunteers and a memorable name—America’s Grow-a-Row，Paillex harvested 1,500 pounds of fresh vegetables，all of which he donated to area food banks，places that give food to poor people.Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers and needed more land.He visited Meredith and Jeremy Compton，who farm Peaceful Valley Orchards in Pittstown.Could he work their land? “I guess we were feeling honored，” says Meredith.Not only do the Comptons welcome Grow-a-Row volunteers，but they also work on the land. What began with a few empty fields has turned into a large local farm.This year，Grow-a-Row will deliver about 250,000 pounds of fresh produce to food banks.Their secret for getting all of this done? Family power.“Each week，a couple of families ‘own’ the garden，” says Paillex.“They water，pick，and deliver，and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families.” Paillex also welcomed local school kids.On a Friday morning in May，some kids worked on a field.“We’re growing food，” one fifth grader said proudly. “The program shows kids that there are people in need，” says Paillex.“When these kids become tomorrow’s leaders，they’ll be much more likely to encourage their co-workers or employees to get involved in(参与) something like this.” “Chip makes people want to help，” says Colleen Duerr，a mother of two.“And families love this.Chip has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.” 1．Why did Chip start growing vegetables in Pittstown? A．There were very few fresh vegetables on the market. B．He wanted to offer food to the local food factory. C．Farmers there encouraged him to do so. D．He was deeply attracted by planting. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Surrounded by working farms，he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea”可知，Chip受到周围环境的影响，深深喜爱上了自己种植食物这一做法。故选D。 2．After a year’s planting，Chip . A．set up more food banks in the area B．won great support from more people C．helped save many people from being poor D．persuaded many people to help him on the land 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“with a handful of volunteers”和“Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers”以及第三段提到Compton夫妇的乐意帮忙可知，在Chip自己耕种一年后，得到了越来越多人的支持与帮助。故选B。 3．How can Grow-a-Row manage to produce so much food? A．School children play the most active part. B．Families take turns to look after the garden. C．The work is divided into separate small tasks. D．Schools and families divide the work equally. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Family power”“Each week，a couple of families ‘own’ the garden”和“They water，pick，and deliver，and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families.”可知，Grow-a-Row之所以可以生产出数量众多的农产品是因为各个家庭轮流负责种植。故选B。 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Producers B．American Farms C．Grow It Yourself D．Chip’s Country Life 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。银行家Chip Paillex搬到乡下后开始喜欢上了种植蔬菜，并且将吃不完的新鲜蔬菜捐给社会，他的这种慈善行为慢慢吸引了很多志愿者，使得越来越多的人投入到这项农业活动中。因此A项“生产者”概括了文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选A。 B You’re in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket.In one hand，you’re holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple.In your other hand，you have one that’s been organically grown.Both apples are firm，shiny and green.Both provide vitamins and fiber，and both are free of fat，sodium and cholesterol. The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite.But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”．Does that mean it’s better？Safer？More nutritious？Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket.Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist.The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products，such as fruits，vegetables，grains，dairy products and meat.Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution.Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don’t use conventional methods to fertilize，control weeds or prevent livestock disease. Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming： Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth. Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants. Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease. Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease. Give animals antibiotics，growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth. Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors.Use preventive measures—such as a balanced diet and clean housing—to help minimize disease. *Organic or not？Check the label. The U．S.Department of Agriculture(USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards.These standards regulate how such foods are grown，handled and processed.Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards.Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification. If a food bears a USDA Organic label，it means it’s produced and processed according to the USDA standards.The seal is voluntary，but many organic producers use it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote the sales of organic foods. B．To inform people that organic foods are better for their health. C．To compare conventional and organic foods. D．To persuade people to become informed consumers. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。 6．According to the passage，organic farming is intended to . A．improve the quality of the soil and water B．take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely C．prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively D．adopt environmentally friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。 7．Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming? A．Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease. B．Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth. C．Using growth hormones to speed up animals’ growth. D．Using pests to reduce insects and disease. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。 8．From the passage we know the organic certification program . A．is not meant for produce of all producers B．makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label C．sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce D．requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters. 1 However，ponds are an important body of water as they fight climate change，improve biodiversity，and help conservation，according to The Revelator organization.So if you are thinking about creating a beautiful and enriching element to your garden this spring，consider a pond. 2 In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds from the last 200 years remain.And in the UK，less than a quarter of the ponds that existed at the start of the 20th century are still around. Nowadays，a European organization called PONDERFUL is trying to give ponds power by increasing awareness of their importance.They are the unsung heroes of the natural world and are in the front line of climate action，supporting wildlife and capturing harmful emissions. Adding even a tiny pond in your garden can achieve natural wonders and will actually better all other ecosystems，according to Pond Informer，an online guide about ponds. 3 For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced. They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink. 4 They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.Swallows can eat hundreds of thousands of insects each night，bugs that may just munch on your garden during the day! With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds thus increasing the population of birds and frogs，including the endangered European tree frog. 5 A．Ponds are simply disappearing. B．Tiny ponds are usually ignored. C．In turn，these birds can benefit your garden. D．Your pond can play a part in your community. E．People can have a great time by creating the ponds. F．A pond becomes home to many plants and animals. G．Small，shallow ponds are being restored on former golf courses in the UK. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被大家忽视的池塘正逐渐消失，而由于其对生态的巨大好处，人们又开始重新修建或者修复池塘。 1．答案　B 解析　上文“People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters.”指出，当谈到水体时大家注意到的是大海和湖泊。下文“However，ponds are an important body of water...according to The Revelator organization.”指出池塘也很重要。选项B指出池塘通常被人忽视，这承接上文，继续谈水体，又和下文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　A 解析　下文“In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds...at the start of the 20th century are still around.”通过举例说明池塘逐渐消失。选项A指出池塘正在消失，符合语境，下文是对这句话的详细说明。故选A。 3．答案　F 解析　下文“For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.”提到池塘是青蛙的家。选项F指出池塘是很多动植物的家，符合语境，下文是该选项的具体实例。故选F。 4．答案　C 解析　上文“They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink.”指出池塘也为鸟类提供了空间，下文“They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.”指出，反过来鸟类又帮助授粉等活动。选项C指出鸟类反过来给花园带来好处，符合语境，下文是对该选项的具体说明。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　上文“With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds...”指出瑞士开始建造新池塘。选项G指出英国也在修复池塘，这和上文一样，都是呈现保护池塘的实例，前后联系密切，符合语境。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $