Unit 5 Section Ⅴ (2) Reading for Writing（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“化学耕作与有机耕作”主题，通过细节把握、文章架构分析及语言特征提炼，引导学生理解文本逻辑，搭建从词汇辨析、长句解构到议论文写作的学习支架，衔接阅读输入与写作输出的知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过长句结构拆解（如too...to...句型、同位语从句分析）提升语言理解能力，依托议论文“论点-论据-结论”框架训练逻辑思维。分步写作演练提供核心词汇、句式升级实例，助力学生掌握学习策略，既帮助学生提升语言表达与思辨能力，也为教师提供系统教学路径，提高课堂效率。

Section Ⅴ Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing Working the land UNIT 5 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　写作技法指导 整体理解 课文 3 Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握] 1.According to the passage，what kind of people are organic farmers? A.Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers. B.Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers. C.Those who produce organic fertilisers. D.Those who care for the environment. √ 2.What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to? A.Insects. B.Bacteria. C.Crops. D.Chemicals. √ 3.What can we learn from the passage? A.The chemicals in the soil will soon disappear. B.Pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria. C.Crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals. D.Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast. √ 4.How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted? A.By growing the same crops year after year. B.By using natural fertilisers. C.By changing crops every year. D.By using chemical fertilisers. √ Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构] Chemical Versus Organic Farming Paras.1-2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 The problems with 1.________ farming What 2.________ farming is Organic methods for producing 3.____ soil Why 4.__________ chemicals are still used in farming chemical organic rich man-made Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句] 1.Find out the sentences describing the problems of pesticides.(找出描写农药问题的句子) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. 2.Find out the sentences describing the definition of organic farming.(找出描写有机农业定义的句子) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. 3.Find out the sentences describing how organic farmers produce rich soil.(找出描写有机耕作的农民如何生产肥沃土壤的句子) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year./Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 返 回 难句分析 长句 12 1.When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句，When引导的是 从句，动词不定式to fight...作 ，修饰a great way。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。 复合 时间状语 后置定语 as 2.Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and (people) health. (P55 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句，what引导的是 从句，that引导的是____ 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。 people’s 复合 主语 表语 3.For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only _______ (harm) bacteria and insects, but also (help) ones.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，killing not only...是动词-ing形式作介词by的 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 harmful helpful 简单 宾语 4.This affects the crops grown on the land and, turn, the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，grown on the land是过去分词短语作______ ，who digest them是 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 in 复合 后置 定语 定语 5.In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的 从句，修饰先行词 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。 of 复合 定语 the damage 6.They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually (much) water than essential minerals, and they often have _______ (little) flavour as well.(P55 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是由并列连词but和and连接的 句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。 more less 并列 7.As an alternative, some farmers have switched organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句，and连接两个并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 to 复合 时间状语 8.Organic (farmer) also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句，that use different depths of soil是 从句，修饰先行词 ，to help keep it rich是不定式短语作 状语。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 farmers 复合 定语 diverse crops 目的 9.The goal of (use) different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句，to grow good food是不定式短语作 ，while avoiding...是 从句的省略。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。 using to 复合 表语 状语 10.Therefore, there is still a long way (find) a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as (health) as possible.(P56 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是 从句，修饰先行词 ，while keeping...是 从句的省略。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 因此，要想找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。 to find healthy 复合 定语 a suitable solution 状语 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 1　 too...to...结构 As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(P55 Para.2) 至于化肥，用其施肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。 结构分析：此句是简单句，grown with them是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。 此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义： • too后跟anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等表示心情、 心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时； • too前有but, only, all等词对其进行修饰时； • 否定词not, never等用在too前时。 (1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫太伤心而不能控制他的情感，他不由自主地哭起来。意识到发生了什么，我非常乐意帮助他，于是我向他走去。 David was and he wept uncontrollably. Realizing what happened, I was , so I walked towards him. (2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高兴了。因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。 I am only .Therefore, I can’t thank you too much. too sad to control his emotions too willing/ready to help him too happy to have someone to speak to (3)(2023·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写) 当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，我激动得一句话也说不出来了。 I when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing contest. was too excited to utter a word 2　 现在分词短语作结果状语 Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(P56 Para.4) 种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使土壤为种植下一批农作物做好准备。 结构分析：此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是Why引导的主语从句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引导的表语从句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是现在分词短语作结果状语。 • 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果； • 不定式作结果状语，则表示一种出乎意料的结果，往往用only/never to do结构。 (1)(读后续写之绝望心理描写)Mac差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。 Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，__________________________ . (2)(读后续写之心理描写)简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。 Jane left alone with extreme anger，_______________________________ . throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest 3 同位语从句 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(P56 Para.5) 他们不能这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对粮食的巨大需求。 结构分析：此句是一个复合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。 • 可以跟同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question， doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；诺言)， possibility等。 • 引导同位语从句的连接词有： 从属连词that，whether，连接代词 what，who，which，连接副词 how，when，where等。(注意：if不 能引导同位语从句) (1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们听说老爷爷去世的消息时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。 When we heard the news ，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes. (2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)妈妈建议我们在下一个村庄宿营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 My mother made a suggestion ，her eyes glittering with excitement. that the old grandfather passed away that we (should) camp in the next village (3)他是否能够胜任这项工作还是个问题。 There is still a question . (4)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)毫无疑问，即将举办的汉语工作坊旨在促进中英文化交流。 _______________________________________________________________ promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. 返 回 whether he can be qualified for the job There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at 技法指导 写作 34 本单元要求写一篇议论性的文章。议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，而提出若干理由，试图说服他人。 篇章结构 常用表达 1.首段常用句式： I’m sorry to hear/learn that... 听说……我很难过。 In my opinion，it is wrong to/that... 在我看来，……是错误的。 I don’t think it is a very good way to... 我认为……不是一个很好的方法。 Thank you for your letter asking me about... 谢谢你来信询问我有关…… I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up... 我写信是劝你放弃…… 2.中段常用句式： When it comes to...，most people believe that...，but other people regard...as... 当谈及……，大多数人认为……，但是其他人认为…… Here are my reasons.First of all，I think it would be better if... 我的理由如下。首先，我认为如果……会更好。 The reasons for...are as follows.First...Second...Last but not least... ……的原因如下。首先…… 第二……最后但同样重要的是…… On the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面…… No one can ignore the fact that... 没有人能忽视……的事实。 If I were you，I would... 如果我是你，我会…… 3.尾段常用句式： In short/In conclusion/In closing... 总之…… All things considered... 从各方面看来…… As far as I’m concerned... 就我而言…… From what has been discussed above... 通过以上讨论…… Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. 请考虑我的建议，做出最后的决定。 分步演练 假如你是李华，你班就化学耕作和有机耕作进行了讨论，请写一篇文章阐述你的观点，内容包括： 1.有机农产品更健康，更让人放心； 2.有机农耕不会对环境造成破坏； 3.有机农耕让农民增加收入。 参考词汇：农药残留pesticide residues 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一篇议论性文章。写作时应注意下面三点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇议论性文章，注意议论文的写作特点。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：由于是发表自己的观点，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 本文可以分为三个部分： 第一部分：引入话题； 第二部分：提出观点并阐述理由； 第三部分：总结全文，重申自己的观点，提出希望。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇]　(含本单元词汇) 1.有机耕作 2.有做某事的选择 3.深信 4.致力于做某事 5.认为……是 6.有营养的 7.对……非常必要 8.结果是……；原来是…… _______________ ____________________________ ______________________ ___________________________________ ___________________ _________ __________________ _________________ organic farming have the alternative of doing sth be greatly convinced that devote oneself to/be devoted to doing sth assume sb/sth to be... nutritious be essential to/for... It turns out that... [连词成句]　(含本单元句型) 1.我认为有机耕作优于化学耕作。(assume) _______________________________________________________________ 2.鉴于化学杀虫剂对作物有害，农民被禁止在有机耕作中喷洒它们。(given that) ，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming. 3.作物上没有农药残留。 _______________________________________________________________ I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming. Given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops There are no pesticide residues left on the crops. 4.农民使用天然的动物粪便。 _______________________________________________________________ 5.它不仅有利于改善土壤状况而且能够使作物更有营养。 It will not only be good for improving the condition of the soil __________ . Farmers use natural waste from animals. but also make crops more nutritious 6.随着越来越多的人关注自己的健康，他们在商店购物时选择购买有机水果和蔬菜，尽管这些产品价格高。 As more and more people care about their health，___________________ when they are shopping in stores，though . 7.我深信越来越多的农民未来将会致力于有机耕作。(convince；devote) ______________________________________________________________________________in the future. I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables the prices of these products are high 第三步　句式升级 1.将句5改成倒装句。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.用with复合结构，despite代替though引导的让步状语从句改写句6。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious. With more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，despite the fact that the prices of these products are high. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming.Here are some reasons. Firstly，given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming.Thus，there are no pesticide residues left on them.Secondly，farmers use natural waste from animals.Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious.Thirdly，with more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores， despite the fact that the prices of these products are high.It turns out that farmers can make more money. All in all，I think organic farming is essential to our physical health. I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming in the future. 返 回 本课结束 $