选修一Unit 2词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修1Unit2词汇精讲 Unit 2 victim 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):受害者；牺牲品；罹难者 The victims of the explosion included three women..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):受骗者；上当者 Many people were victims of the pyramid scheme.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：victimless;指没有受害者的；例句：Some consider certain white-collar crimes to be victimless.(来源：韦 氏词典)动词：victimize;使受害；迫害；例句：They were victimized by the corrupt police.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：casualty(n.):伤亡人员；受害者：例句：The casualties of the war were numerous.(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：sufferer(n.):受苦者；受害者；例句：Sufferers of this disease often experience great pain.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：fall victim to:成为…的牺牲品；遭受…的伤害；适用于描述人或事物受到不良影响的场景，语法上to后接 造成伤害的事物；例句：Many small businesses fell victim to the recession.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：play the victim:装可怜；扮受害者；适用于描述某人假装自己受到伤害以博取同情的场景；例句：Stop playing the victim and take responsibility for your actions.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：victim of circumstance:环境的牺牲品；适用于描 述某人因外部环境而遭受不幸的场景；例句：He was a victim of circumstance and lost his job due to the company's bankruptcy.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：The earthquake left many (victim)homeless..(答案：victims)考法2：考察固定 搭配fall victim to;原题：Many animals in the wild_ fa∥victim to)poaching.(答案：a∥victim to) (来源：教材) wave 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):波浪；波涛 The waves crashed against the rocks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(手的)挥动 She gave me a wave as she drove past.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):挥动；挥舞 He waved his fist in anger..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):挥手（打招呼或道别） She waved goodbye to us.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：wave;形容词：way;例句：She has long wavy hair.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式：waved;过去分 词：waved;现在分词：waving;例句：He was waving his hat to attract attention.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：flap:动词，挥动；例句：The flag flapped in the wind.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：swing:动词，挥舞； 例句：He swung his arms as he walked.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wave at sb.:向某人挥手；适用于打招呼或引起注意的场景，语法上at后接挥手的对象；例句：She waved at me from the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：wave goodbye(tosb.:向（某人）挥手道别；适用于分别 的场景，语法上to后接道别对象；例句：They waved goodbye to their parents at the airport.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：make waves::兴风作浪；适用于描述某人引起麻烦或变化的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：He doesn't want to make waves in his new job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：a wave of:一阵；一批；适用于描述情感、事物 等的涌现，语法上后接名词；例句：A wave of sadness came over her..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She」 (wave)to me when she saw me.(答案：waved)考法2：考察周定 搭配wave goodbye;原题：We_ to our friends at the station.(答案：waved goodbye) (来源：教材) mosquito [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):蚊子 A mosquito bit me last night..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：mosquitoes/mosquitos;例句：There are many mosquitoes in the wetland.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：gnat:名词，蚋，蠓；例句：A gnat flew into my eye.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：mosquito bite:蚊子叮咬；适用于描述被蚊子咬的场景，语法上作为名词短语；例句：I have a mosquito bite on my arm.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：mosquito net:蚊帐；适用于描述防蚊用具的场景，语法上作为名词短 语；例句：Ne slept under a mosquito net.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：There are so many」 (mosquito)near the lake.(答案：mosquitoes) (来源：教材) overflow 词义与词性 ■()(v.):泛滥；溢出；充满 The river overflowed its banks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):挤满；充满 The hall overflowed with people.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):泛滥；溢出；容纳不下的人（或物） The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：overflow;形容词：overflowing:例句：The sink was overflowing with dirty water..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词现在分词：overflowing;例句：The river is overflowing its banks.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词： overflowed;例句：The bathtub overflowed and flooded the bathroom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：food(v.):淹没；泛滥例句：The heavy rain caused the river to flood.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：brim (v.):满溢；溢出例句：Her eyes brimmed with tears.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：overflow with:充满；洋溢；适用于描述某种情感或事物大量存在的场景，语法上with后接充满的内 容；例句：The room overflowed with laughter..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：overflow into:蔓延到；适用于描 述液体或人群等超出原有范围进入其他区域的场景，语法上into后接蔓延的目标区域；例句：The crowd over- flowed into the streets.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：overflow from:从…溢出；适用于描述液体等从容器或某 个范围溢出的场景，语法上rom后接溢出的源头；例句：The water overflowed from the bucket..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：The sink is_ (overflow)with water.(答案：overflowing)考法2：考察圊 定搭配overflow with;原题：His heart_(overflow)with joy when he heard the news..(答案：overflowed) (来源：教材) tide [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):潮；潮汐；潮水 The tide ebbed away..(来源：《新英汉大辞典》) ■(n.)(n.):潮流；趋势；动向 The tide of public opinion is turning against the government.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):使随潮水漂浮 The boat was tidied out to sea.(来源：《美国传统词典》) [词性转换 ■形容词：tidal;例句：Tidal waves are caused by underwater earthquakes.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：tiding; 例句：The raft was tiding down the river.(来源：自编合理例句)动词过去式和过去分词：tided;例句：The boat tided safely into the harbor..(来源：自编合理例句) 同近义词 ■近义词：current::名词，水流；趋势；例句：The strong current carried the boat away..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：stream:名词，水流；潮流；例句：A stream of people was coming out of the theater.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：turn the tide:扭转局势；适用于描述形势发生转变的场景，语法上可直接使用；例句：His speech turned the tide of the debate.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go with the tide:随波逐流；适用于描述人顺应形势的场 景，语法上可直接使用；例句：He always goes with the tide and has no own opinion.(来源：自编合理例句)短 语3：tide over:帮助…渡过难关；适用于描述帮助某人度过困难时期的场景，语法上tide over后接需要帮助 的对象；例句：This loan will tide us over until we get paid..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：at high tide:在涨潮 时；适用于描述与潮汐时间相关的场景，语法上可直接使用：例句：The beach is covered at high tide.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其固定搭配turn the tide:原题：The discovery of a new treatment may_the in the fight against cancer.(答案：turm;tide)考法2：考察固定搭配tide over:原题：We need some extra money to】 us this difficult period.(答案：tide;over) (来源：教材) distant 词义与词性 ■(adj.)遥远的，久远的 The distant mountains were covered with snow.(来源：牛津高阶词典)词义2(ad.):远亲的；例句：He is a distant rela- tive of mine..(来源：柯林斯词典)词义3(ad):冷淡的，疏远的：例句：She gave him a distant look.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：distance;例句：The distance between the two cities is about200 kilometers.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词： distantly;例句He looked at me distantly.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：far(adj.):远的；例句：My school is far from here.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：remote(adj):偏 远的；例句：He lives in a remote area..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：distant from:离…远；适用于描述地理位置的场景，语法上from后接地点；例句：The school is distant from my home..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in the distant future:在遥远的未来；适用于描述时间的场景，语法 上作时间状语；例句：In the distant future,we may travel to other planets.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：keep sb.at a distance:对某人保持疏远；适用于描述人际关系的场景，语法上at a distance是固定用法；例句：She always keeps her classmates at a distance.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义：原题：The (distant)place makes it difficult for us to visit..(答案：distant)考法2：考察固定 搭配distant from;原题：Our village is」 the town.(答案：distant from) (来源：教材) fellow [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):同类的；同伴的；同事的 He and his fellow workers have collected donations.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):男人；家伙；同事；同伴 The fellow I spoke with is a very responsible person.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：fellowship:伙伴关系；团体；奖学金；例句：He won a fellowship to study abroad.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：colleague:名词，同事；例句：I often work with my colleagues on projects.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：companion:名词，同伴；例句：She was a good companion on the journey.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：fellow student::同学；适用于校园场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I met my fellow students at the library..(来 源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：fellowtraveler:旅伴；适用于旅行场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I made a new fellow traveler during the trip..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：fellow countryman:同胞；适用于描述同国籍人的场景，语法 上直接使用；例句：He helped his fellow countryman in a foreign land..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：All his fellow)supported him.(答案：fellows) (来源：教材) predict 词义与词性 ■()(V.):预言；预告；预报；预测 It is impossible to predict what will happen..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：prediction;例句：Weather predictions are not always accurate..(来源：柯林斯词典)；形容词：predictable; 例句：The ending of the movie was predictable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；副词：predictably;例句：Predictably,.he arrived late.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：forecast:动词，预报；预测；例句：The weatherman forecasts rain tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：foretell:动词，预言；预告；例句：No one can foretell the future.(来源：柯林斯词典)：近义词：prophesy: 动词，预言；例句：The witch prophesied that the prince would be in danger..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：predictsth.for sth.:为某事预测某物；适用于预测相关场景，语法上for后接预测的相关事件；例句：Experts predict a good harvest for this year.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：predict that.:预测；适用于表达预测内容 的场景，that后接预测的具体内容；例句：He predicted that the team would win the game.(来源：柯林斯词典)方短 语3：be predicted to do:被预测会做某事；适用于被动表达预测的场景；例句：The economy is predicted to grow steadily..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Scientists are busy._ (predict)the future climate change.(答案：predicting): 考法2：考察固定搭配be predicted to do;原题：The population is_(predict))to increase next year.(答案：predicted) (来源：教材) shelter 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):遮蔽物；庇护处：避难所 The city's homeless found shelter in abandoned buildings..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):遮蔽；保护 We took shelter from the rain under a tree..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):保护；遮蔽 The wall shelters the garden from the north wind.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：shelter;形容词：sheltered;例句：They lived in a sheltered valley.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词： sheltering;例句：The mother bird is sheltering her chicks under her wings.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过 去分词：sheltered;例句：He sheltered the run-away girl.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：harbor:名词，避难所；例句：The small harbor provided a safe shelter for the boats.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：refuge:名词，避难处；例句：Many people took refuge in the church during the war..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：shelter from:躲避；适用于描述躲避风雨、危险等场景，语法上from后接躲避的对象；例句：Ne sheltered from the hail in a barn.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：take shelter:寻求庇护；适用于需要躲避危险或恶劣天气的 场景；例句：People took shelter when the earthquake happened.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：shelter sb/sth from sth:保护某人I某物免受；适用于描述保护的场景，语法上from后接要免受的事物：例句：Parents should shelter their children from bad influences.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：The Red Cross set up many(shelter)for the victims.(答案：shelters)考 法2：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He_(shelter)the poor boy from the bullies last week..(答案：sheltered) (来源：教材) anger 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):愤怒；怒气 He couldn't hide his anger at the way he'd been treated.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):使发怒；激怒 The decision really angered a lot of people.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：angry;例句：He was angry with himself for having made such a stupid mistake.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副 词：angrily;例句：She stamped her foot angrily.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：rage:名词，狂怒；例句：He flew into a rage when he heard the news..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：uy: 名词，暴怒；例句：She was shaking with fury.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：indignation:名词，愤慨；例句：Public indignation was aroused by the police's treatment of the suspect..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in anger:生气地；适用于描述人处于愤怒状态下做某事的场景，语法上一般用于句首或句末；例句：He slammed the door in anger..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：show one's anger:表现出愤怒；适用于描述人表达愤 怒情绪的场景，语法上show后接某人的愤怒；例句：She showed her anger by shouting at him.（来源：柯林斯词 典)短语3：control one's anger:控制某人的愤怒；适用于描述人克制愤怒情绪的场景，语法上control后接某人的 愤怒；例句：You should learn to control your anger.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：anger at sth.:因某事而生气；适 用于描述人对某事感到愤怒的场景，语法上at后接生气的原因；例句：He felt anger at the injustice.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其固定搭配in anger;;原题：He left the room (生气地).（答案：in anger)考法2：作动 词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The news(ange)him and he decided to take action.(答案：angered) (来源：教材) nominate 词义与词性 ■()(V.):提名；推荐 The committee nominated him for the Nobel Peace Prize.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):任命；指定 She has been nominated as the new chairperson.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：nomination;例句：His nomination for the award was a great honor.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：nominated; 例句：The nominated candidates will give their speeches tomorrow.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：propose:动词，提议，推荐；例句：I propose him as the leader of the team.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：suggest:.动词，建议，推荐；例句：Can you suggest someone for this job?(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：nominate sb.for sth:提名某人获得某物；适用于提名奖项、职位等场景，语法上for后接提名的事物；例 句：They nominated her for the best actress award..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：nominate sb.as sth.:任命某 人担任某职位；适用于任命职位的场景，语法上as后接担任的职位；例句：The president nominated him as the ambassador..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：He」 (nominate)forthe position last month.(答案：was nominated) 考法2：考察固定搭配nominate sb.for sth.:原题：The school (nominate)three students for the scholarship.(答案： nominated) (来源：教材) frustration 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):沮丧；懊恼；受挫 He punched the wal∥in frustration..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):令人懊恼的事；挫折 The delays and complications were endless sources of frustration.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：frustrating;令人懊恼的，使人沮丧的；例句：t's so frustrating when things don't go your way.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)形容词：frustrated;懊恼的，沮丧的；例句：She felt frustrated at the lack of progress.(来源：柯林斯词 典)动词：frustrate;使懊恼，使沮丧；例句：The bad weather frustrated our plans.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：disappointment:名词，失望；例句：To his disappointment,he didn't get the job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：annoyance:名词，烦恼；例句：His constant talking was an annoyance to me.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in frustration:沮丧地，懊恼地；适用于描述人情绪状态的场景，语法上常作状语；例句：He slammed the door in frustration..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：feel frustration:感到沮丧；适用于表达个人情绪感受的场景，语 法上feel后接名词；例句：Many students feel frustration when facing difficult exams.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： cause frustration:引起沮丧；适用于描述事物对人情绪产生影响的场景，语法上cause后接名词；例句：The long- term problem caused a lot of frustration.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察词性转换，由名词转换为形容词：原题：He was (frustration)at his lack of progress.（答案：frustrated) 考法2：考察固定搭配in frustration:原题：He threw the book down (frustration).(答案：in frustration) (来源：教材) threaten [词义与词性 ■()(v.):威胁；恐吓；扬言要 He threatened to kill me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):预示（某事)：有…危险 The clouds threaten rain.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：threat;例句：The threat of war has hung over the region.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词： threatened;例句：He threatened her last week.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：threatening;例句：The dark clouds look very threatening.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：menace(v.):威胁；恐吓；例句：The stranger menaced the children.(来源：韦氏大词典)近义词：endanger (v.):危及；使遭到危险；例句：Pollution endangers our health..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：threaten to do sth.:威胁要做某事；适用于表达某人以做某事来威胁他人的场景，语法上to后接动词原形； 例句：He threatened to quit his job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：threaten sb.with sth.:用某物威胁某人；适用 于描述威胁手段的场景，语法上with后接威胁使用的事物；例句：The criminal threatened the shop-keeper with a knife.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (threaten)to report me to the police.(答案：threatened)考法2：考 察固定搭配threaten to do sth.:原题：The boss」 (threaten) fire)the workers if they didn't work harder..(答案： threatened:to fire) (来源：教材) preserve 词义与词性 ■()(V):保护；保存；保留；维护；维持；使免受破坏；保持…的原状；保存（食物等)；防腐；腌制；使留存；使 不被遗忘：使（记忆等）永存：使长久；保存（资料等）；存档；使留存；保存（遗体等）；使不腐烂；保存（标本 等)；（通过冷藏等方法）保存（食物等）；使（某种状态等）继续下去；使（某种情况等）持续；维持（某种状态 等)：使（某种关系等）继续下去；使（某种习惯等）持续。 Ve must preserve our natural resources.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):禁猎地；保护区；专属领域：独占的地区（或活动）：蜜饯；果酱。 This area is a wildlife preserve..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：preservation;例句：The preservation of historical buildings is important..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：preser- vative;例句：Salt is a common preservative..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：protect:动词，保护；例句：Parents should protect their children from danger.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：conserve:动词，保存；保护；例句：Ne must conserve our water supplies.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词： maintain:动词，维持；保持；例句：He maintained a steady speed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：preserve sth.from sth.:保护某物免受某物的伤害或破坏；适用于描述保护物品、环境等免受损害的 场景，语法上from后接造成损害的事物；例句：The law preserves the wild animals from being hunted..(来源： 牛津高阶词典)短语2：preserve one's health:保持某人的健康；适用于描述保持身体健康的场景，语法上 one's后接所属人的限定词；例句：He does exercise every day to preserve his health.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语 3:preserve a balance:保持平衡；适用于描述维持某种平衡状态的场景，语法上直接使用该短语；例句：We should preserve a balance between work and rest..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：preserve food:保存食物；适用 于描述保存食物的场景，语法上直接使用该短语；例句：People used to preserve food by salting it.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法