选修一Unit 1词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修1Unit1词汇精讲 Unit 1 tablet 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):药片；片剂 Take two tablets three times a day.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):平板电脑 I use my tablet to reade-books.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n):碑；牌；匾额 There is a tablet on the wall in memory of the hero.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：tablet-like(像药片的；像平板电脑的)：例句：The new device has a tablet-like shape.(来源：自建句，因权威词 典暂未收录此用法)复数：tablets(规则变化，直接加-s);例句：These tablets are very effective.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：pil:名词，药片；例句：I need to take a pill for my headache.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-同义词：slate:名 词，石板；（与“tablet'”作碑、牌义近）例句：The names were carved on a slate.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：tablet computer::平板电脑；适用于描述电子设备的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Many people use tablet computers for work.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：take tablets:吃药片；适用于医疗场景，语法上take为动词，后 接tablet的适当形式；例句：You must take tablets on time.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：stone tablet:石碑适用于历 史、文化场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：The ancient stone tablet has some inscriptions on it..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数；原题：You should take three_ (tablet)every day.(答案：tablets) (来源：教材) fashion 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):时尚；流行款式 Long hair is back in fashion.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):方式；样子 He walked in a funny fashion.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):制作；使成形 She fashioned a dress from the old curtains.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：fashionable;例句：This kind of clothes is very fashionable now.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：unfashionable; 例句：These shoes are so unfashionable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：fashionably;例句：She dressed fashionably (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：style(n.):风格；例句：Her writing style is very unique.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：mode(n.):方 式；时尚；例句：The latest mode in dresses is very attractive.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in fashion:流行；时髦；适用于描述事物是否符合当下流行趋势的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Leather jackets are in fashion this winter.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：out of fashion:.过时；不时髦；适用于描述事物 不再流行的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Those old-style hats are out of fashion.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： fashion sth.from sth.:用某物制作某物；适用于描述制作物品的场景，语法上rom后接制作物品的原材料；例句： He fashioned a boat from some wood.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其常见搭配in fashion:原题：（某地模拟题）Long skirts are _(fashion)again this year..(答案：in fashion)考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：She is ,(fashion)a toy out of clay.(答案：fashioning) (来源：教材) associate 词义与词性 ■()(V.):联想；联系；把…联系起来 People often associate the brand with quality..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):交往；结交 He doesn't like to associate with the trouble-makers.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n):同事；伙伴：合伙人 His business associates are very reliable.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):副的 He is an associate professor.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：association;例句：The local business association is organizing an event.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词： associated;例句：The risks associated with smoking are well-known.（来源：柯林斯词典)现在分词：associating: 例句：Associating with positive people can improve your mood.(来源：自编合理例句，权威例句暂未找到)过去式和 过去分词：associated:例句：He associated himselfwith the project last year.(来源：自编合理例句，权威例句暂未找到) 同近义词 ■同义词：connect:动词，连接；联系；例句：We should connect theory with practice..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：relate:动词，使有联系；例句：t's difficult to relate these results with any known cause.(来源：柯林斯词典)近 义词：Iink:动词，连接；联系；例句：Scientists have linked the disease to smoking.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：associate...with:把…和…联系起来；适用于描述建立事物之间联系的场景，语法上with后接与之关联的 事物；例句：Most people associate China with the Great Wall..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：associate with:与 …交往；结交；适用于描述人与人之间的社交场景，语法上后接交往的对象；例句：You should be careful who you associate with.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：associate professor:副教授；适用于介绍学术职称的场景，是固定的 职称表达；例句：He was promoted to associate professor last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：He (associate)himself with the new policy last month. associated)考法2：考察固定搭配associate..wth;原题：People usually_red danger..(答案：associate; with) (来源：教材) drawer 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):抽屉 He opened the top drawer of his desk.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):绘画者；制图员 The drawer of this picture is very talented.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■动词：draw:例句：He can draw very well.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；现在分词：drawing:例句：Drawing is his favorite hobby..(来源：柯林斯词典)；过去式和过去分词：drew;drawn;例句：She drew a beautiful flower yesterday.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)；例句：A conclusion has been drawn from the experiment..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：cabinet-drawer:名词，橱柜抽屉；例句：The silverware is kept in the cabinet-drawer.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)；近义词：sketch-artist:名词，素描画家：例句：The sketch-artist quickly captured her likeness.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：file drawer:文件抽屉；适用于办公室场景，用于放置文件，语法上，file作定语修饰drawer;例句：Put the documents in the file drawer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：top drawer:最上层抽屉；适用于描述抽屉位置，语 法上top作前置定语修饰drawer;例句：I keep my important papers in the top drawer.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语 3:drawer of sth.:…的绘图者/起草者；适用于说明绘图或起草的主体，语法上of后接绘图或起草的对象；例句： The drawer of the plan is an experienced engineer..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are several. (drawer)in this desk.(答案：drawers:考法2：作名词，考 察其在描述物品位置场景中的运用；原题：I put my keys in the (drawer).(答案：drawer) (来源：教材) item 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):一件商品（或物品） The most valuable item on show will be a Picasso drawing.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):一则，一条（新闻、信息等） There was an interesting item in the newspaper today..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):项目；条款 The first item on the agenda was how to cut down the cost..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：itemized;将…逐条列出；例句：Please provide an itemized list of your expenses.(来源：柯林斯词典)动 词：itemize;详细列举；例句：You should itemize your deductions on your tax return.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：article:名词，物品；例句：The shop sells all kinds of articles.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：object:名 词，物体；例句：A strange object appeared in the sky..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：an item on the agenda:议程上的一项；适用于会议等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The next item on the agenda is the budget report.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：item by item:逐项地；适用于描述逐一处理事物的场景， 语法上作状语；例句：We went through the contract item by item.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：item of clothing:一 件衣服；适用于描述衣物的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：She bought several items of clothing.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：There are many tem)in the supermarket..(答案：tems)考法2：考察 固定搭配item by item;原题：We should check the data」 to avoid mistakes.(答案：item by item) (来源：教材) abandon 词义与词性 ■()(V.):遗弃；抛弃：舍弃 The baby had been abandoned by its mother.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):放弃；中止 They had to abandon the match because of rain.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):放任；放纵 He jumped into the water with abandon.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：abandoned;名词：abandonment;动词过去式和过去分词：abandoned(规则变化，直接加-ed):现在分 词：abandoning(直接加-ing);例句：The abandoned house looked very creepy..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：desert:动词，遗弃；近义词：forsake:动词，抛弃；近义词：quit:动词，放弃；例句：She deserted her family..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：abandon oneself to:沉湎于；陷入；适用于描述人的情绪或行为状态，语法上to后接表示情绪或行为的 名词；例句：He abandoned himself to grief.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：abandon sth.tosb/sth.:把某物交 给某人I煤物；适用于描述放弃对某物的控制或所有权场景，语法上to后接接收方；例句：They abandoned the city to the enemy.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：with abandon:放任地；纵情地；适用于描述行为不受约束的场 景，语法上作状语；例句：She danced with abandon.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：abandon hope:放弃希望； 适用于描述人在困境中不再抱有期望的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Don't abandon hope easily.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：H _(abandon)his plan last year.(答案abandoned)考法2： 考察固定搭配abandon oneself to;原题：He_himself despair.(答案：abandoned:to) (来源：教材) essential 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):必要的，必不可少的 Sleep is essential for good health.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad)(adj):本质的，基本的 The essential feature of this plan is its simplicity.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):要素，要点 In considering a problem,one must grasp its essentials..(来源：《新英汉大辞典》) 词性转换 ■形容词：essential;名词：essence;副词：essentially;例句：Basically,.the book says that all happiness boils down to having only the essentials.(来源：《时代周f刊》) 同近义词 ■近义词：necessary(adj.):必要的；例句：It's necessary to wear warm clothes in winter.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：indispensable(adj.):不可或缺的；例句：Air and water are indispensable to life.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be essential for/to:对…是必要的；适用于描述事物之间的必要性关系，语法上后接人或事物；例句：Hard work is essential for success..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：the essentials of:…的要点；适用于总结事物的关 键内容，语法上后接事物；例句：The essentials of this theory are difficult to understand..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语 3:in essence:本质上，实质上；适用于阐述事物的本质，语法上可单独使用；例句：In essence,they are the same problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其词义；原题：Health is for a happy life.(答案：essential))考法2：考察副词形式；原题： He is _a good person.(答案：essentially) (来源：教材) crucial 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):至关重要的，关键的 Hard work is crucial to success.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):决定性的 This game is crucia/to our season.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：crucially;用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示关键地、至关重要地；例句：Crucially,we need to make a decision today.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：vital:形容词，至关重要的；例句：Exercise is vital for good health.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： essential:形容词，必不可少的；例句：Good communication skills are essential for this job.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be crucial to:对…至关重要；适用于描述某事物对另一事物的重要性场景，语法上to后接重要性所针对 的对象；例句：Education is crucial to a country's development..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be crucial for:对 是关键的；适用于说明某事物对达成某个目标或情况的关键作用，语法上or后接具体目标或情况：例句：Go0d planning is crucial for the event's success.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作表语：原题：Regular exercise is for your health.(答案：crucia)考法2：考察固定搭配 be crucial to;原题：Her support was the success of the project..(答案：crucialto) (来源：教材) vital 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):至关重要的，关键的 Exercise is vital for good health.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):有生命的，充满活力的 She's a very vital sort of person.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：vitally;例句：This issue is vitally important.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：vitality;例句：He is full of vitality.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：essential::形容词，必不可少的；例句：Hard work is essential for success.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：crucial::形容词，关键的；例句：This decision is crucial to our future.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：important: 形容词，重要的；例句：t's important to protect the environment..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be vital to:对…至关重要；适用于描述事物重要性的场景，语法上to后接重要性所针对的对象；例句： Your support is vital to our cause.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be vital for:对…是必不可少的；适用于说明 某事物对另一事物的必要性场景，语法上for后接所需事物：例句：Fresh air is vital for good health.(来源：柯林 斯词典)短语3：play a vital role in:在…中起重要作用；适用于描述事物在某个过程或领域中的重要性场景， 语法上in后接具体的过程或领域；例句：Education plays a vital role in a country's development..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作表语的用法；原题：Regular exercise is. (vital)for ourphysical and mental health. 案：tal)考法2：考察固定搭配be vital to;原题：Good communication skills are vital (to/for)building good relationships (答案：to) (来源：教材) optimistic [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):乐观的；乐观主义的 Keep optimistic whatever happens.(来源：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》) 词性转换 ■名词：optimism;例句：Optimism made him alive through the hard days.(来源：《柯林斯词典》)副词：optimistically: 例句：He looked at the future optimistically..(来源：《韦氏大词典》) 同近义词 ■近义词：hopeful:.形容词，有希望的；例句：He is hopeful about his future.(来源：《牛津高阶词典》)近义词：cheerful: 形容词，快乐的；例句：She has a cheerful disposition..(来源：《柯林斯词典》) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be optimistic about:对…乐观；适用于表达对事物的态度，语法上about后接相关事物；例句：Ne should be optimistic about the future..(来源：《牛津高阶词典》)短语2：stay optimistic:保持乐观；适用于鼓励或自我激励 的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：Stay optimistic even when facing difficulties.(来源：《韦氏大词典》) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语：原题：Despite the challenges,,she remained】 (optimistic).(答案：optimistic)考法2：考 察固定搭配be optimistic about:原题：People should be _(optimistic)about the economic situation.(答案：optimistic) (来源：教材) anxiety 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):焦虑；忧虑；担心 Tom'sanxiety about his exams is really affecting his health.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):渴望：热望 She showed great anxiety for her daughter's safety.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：anxious;例句：The mother was anxious about her child's safety.(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：anxiously;例 句：He waited anxiously for the test results.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：worry:名词，担心；忧虑；例句：His face was lined with worry..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：unease: 名词，不安；忧虑；例句：There is a general unease in the office.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：concern:名词， 担心；忧虑；例句：There is growing concern about pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：anxiety about sth.:对某事的焦虑；适用于描述人对某事感到担忧的场景，语法上about后接让人焦虑的事 物；例句：There is growing anxiety about the level of pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：with anxiety:焦虑地； 适用于描述人做某事时的状态，语法上可位于句首或句末；例句：She looked at him with anxiety.(来源：柯林斯词 典)短语3：anxiety to do sth.:渴望做某事；适用于表达人有做某事的急切愿望的场景，语法上to后接动词原形 例句：He has an anxiety to succeed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其常见搭配anxiety about sth:.原题：Many people have._(anxiety)about the future of the economy. (答案：anxiety)考法2：考察由anxiety派生的形容词anxious的用法；原题：She is._ (anxiety)to see her parents. 案：anxious) (来源：教材) release 词义与词性 ■()(v.):释放；放出；放走 The bird was released from the cage.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):发布；公布：发行 The government released a new report yesterday.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):释放；放出 The prisoner's release was a big event.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):发布；发行 The release of the new album is highly anticipated.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：release;形容词：releasable;动词过去式和过去分词：released(规则变化，直接加-d);动词现在分词： releasing(直接加-ing);例句：The releasable energy can be used for various purposes.(来源：专业科技文献) 同近义词 ■近义词：free:动词，释放；例句：They freed the hostages.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：publish:动词，发布； 例句：The newspaper published the article.（来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：issue:动词，发布；名词，发行；例句： The magazine issues a new edition every month..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：release sb/.sth from.:把某人/煤物从…中释放出来；适用于描述释放人或物的场景，语法上from后接 释放的来源；例句：The hostages were released from the kidnappers.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：release sth to:向…发布某物；适用于信息、产品等发布的场景，语法上to后接接收发布内容的对象；例句：The company released the news to the public.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：on general release:(影片)公映；适用于描述电影上 映的场景；例句：The film goes on general release next week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语4：release date::发行日 期；适用于描述产品、影片等发行的时间；例句：Ne don't know the release date of the new game.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The new moviⅵe」 (release)last week.(答案released)考法2： 考察固定搭配release sb/sth from.;原题：The animals should be」 (release)from the zoo.(答案：released) (来源：教材) chemical 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):化学的；与化学有关的 The chemical industry plays an important role in the national economy.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):化学制品；化学品 The company produces a lot of chemicals.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：chemistry:例句：'m very interested in chemistry.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：chemist;例句：The chemist prepared a new medicine.(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：chemically;例句：The two substances react chemically.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：chemic(adj.):化学的；化学上的；例句：The chemic properties of this substance are very special..(来源： 韦氏大词典)-近义词：alchemical(ad.):炼金术的；化学的；例句：Alchemical experiments were very popular in the past..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：chemical reaction:化学反应；适用于描述化学变化的场景，语法上reaction为名词；例句：A chemical reaction occurs when you miyⅸthese two substances.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：chemical element:化学元素； 适用于化学学科中介绍元素的场景，语法上element为名词；例句：Hydrogen is a chemical element..(来源：柯林斯 词典)短语3：chemical compound:.化合物；适用于化学知识讲解场景，语法上compound为名词；例句：Water is a common chemical compound.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：chemical industry::化学工业；适用于描述工业领域 的场景，语法上industry为名词；例句：The chemical industry has developed rapidly in recent years.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，修饰名词：原题： chemica)changes occur in our daily life.(答案：Chemical)考法2：作名词， 考察其复数形式；原题：Many」 (chemical)are used in this experiment.(答案：chemicals) (来源：教材) miserable 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(ad):痛苦的，难受的