选修三Unit 2词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修3Unit2词汇精讲 Unit 2 mirror [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):镜子 She looked at herself in the mirron.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):反映；映照 The lake mirrors the surrounding mountains.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：mirrored;有镜子的，像镜子的；例句：The mirrored walls made the room seem larger.(来源：韦氏词典) 动词现在分词：mirroring;例句：The economy is mirroring what is happening in other sectors.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)动词过去式和过去分词：mirrored;例句：The results closely mirrored those ofthe earlier study.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：reflect:动词，反映；例句：The statistics reflect the changes in the economy.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：echo:动词，呼应；例句：His speech echoed my thoughts exactly.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：look at oneself in the mirror:照镜子；适用于描述人看自己外貌的场景，语法上in后接mirror::例句：She likes to look at herselfin the mirror every momning..(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语2：mirror sth.in sth.:在某物中映照出某 物；适用于描述物体在其他物体表面反射的场景，语法上in后接反射的载体；例句：The moon is mirrored in the lake. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：mirror one's feelings/.thoughts:反映某人的感受/想法；适用于描述事物体现人内在想法 的场景，语法上one's后接人的感受或想法：例句：The survey results mirror the public's concerns.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：The painting】 (miror)the artist's mood at that time.(答案：mirroring) 考法2：考察名词词义；原题：She checked her appearance in the_ mirror.)(答案：mirtor) (来源：教材) sentimental 词义与词性 ■(adj.)情感的，情绪的 sentimental motives(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)：词义2(ad.):多愁善感的，感伤的：例句：Don't be so sentimental (来源：《柯林斯词典》)：词义3(ad.):基于情感而非理智的：例句：a sentimental attachment to the place(来源：《牛津高 阶英汉双解词典》) 词性转换 ■名词：sentiment:例句：His speech was filled with patriotic sentiment.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)；副词： sentimentally;例句：She looked back sentimentally on her childhood.(来源：《柯林斯词典》) 同近义词 ■近义词：emotional(adj.):情感的；例句：an emotional speech(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)；近义词：nostalgic (adj.):怀旧的：例句：He grew nostalgic for his hometown.(来源：《柯林斯词典》)；近义词：romantic(adj.):浪漫 的；例句：a romantic story(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sentimental about sth.:对某物多愁善感；适用于表达对事物怀有情感的场景，语法上about后接事物： 例句：She's very sentimental about her old toys.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)；短语2：sentimental value: 情感价值；适用于描述物品因情感因素而具有的价值，语法上为名词短语；例句：This old photo has great sen- timental value for me.(来源：《柯林斯词典》)；短语3：sentimental journey:怀旧之旅；适用于描述勾起回忆的 行程，语法上为名词短语；例句：He took a sentimental journey back to his old school.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作定语修饰名词；原题：The old man has a lot of _(sentimenta)items from his past.(答案： sentimenta);考法2：考察固定搭配sentimental about sth..:原题：She is always」 (sentimental)about her childhood toys.(答案：sentimental) (来源：教材) jazz 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):爵士乐 Jazz has a rich and diverse history..(来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：jazzy;例句：She wore a jazzy dress to the party.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：swing:名词，摇摆乐；例句：Swing is a type of jazz music.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：blues:名词， 蓝调音乐；例句：Blues and jazz have influenced each other.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：jazz up::使更有活力；适用于描述增添活力的场景，语法上up后可接事物；例句：Ne need to jazz up this party..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：jazz music:爵士乐；适用于描述音乐类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例句： I like listening to jazz music.(来源：剑桥词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其在句子中的用法：原题：1 m really into (azz.(答案：jazz) (来源：教材) reluctant [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):不情愿的，勉强的 He was reluctant to admit his mistake.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：reluctantly:例句：She reluctantly agreed to go with us.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：reluctance;例句：His reluctance to change his mind is obvious.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：unwilling:形容词，不情愿的；例句：He is unwilling to take on more work.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： hesitant:形容词，犹豫的；例句：She gave a hesitant answer..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be reluctant to do sth.:不情愿做某事；适用于描述某人对做某事有抵触情绪的场景，语法上to后 接动词原形；例句：She is reluctant to speak in public..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：with reluctance:不情愿 地；适用于描述动作是在不情愿的状态下进行的场景，语法上作状语；例句：He left with reluctance.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语：原题：He was (reluctant)to accept the invitation.(答案：reluctant)考法2：考察其副词 形式修饰动词：原题：She ,(reluctant)left the party.(答案：reluctantly) (来源：教材) tank 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):坦克 The tank rumbled across the field.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):箱；罐；槽 The petrol tank is nearly empty..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):彻底失败 The company's new product tanked in the market..(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■名词：tanker;指油轮、运油车等；例句：A tanker collided with a cargo ship.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过去 分词：tanked;例句：The project tanked last year..(来源：韦氏词典)动词现在分词：tanking;例句：The business is tanking due to poor management..(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：armored vehicle:名词，装甲车；例句：The army used armored vehicles in the operation.(来源：柯林斯 词典)-近义词：container::名词，容器；例句：We need a large container to store the water..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：tank up:加满油；适用于给车辆等加油的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：Ne stopped at a gas station to tank up.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：fish tank:鱼缸；适用于描述养鱼的容器场景，语法上是名词短语；例 句：She has a beautiful fish tank in her living-room.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：fuel tank:油箱；适用于描述 车辆等的储油容器场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：The fuel tank needs to be checked regularly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式：原题：There are several 一((tank)in the military base..(答案：tanks)考法2：作动 词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：The plan is】 tank)because of lack of support..(答案：tanking》 (来源：教材) permanent [词义与词性 ■(adj)(ad):永久的；永恒的：长久的 She is looking for permanent employment..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：permanently;例句：He moved permanently to France.(来源：柯林斯词典)；名词：permanence;例句：We all desire a sense of permanence in our lives.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：lasting:形容词，持久的；例句：The event had a lasting impact on her.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： enduring:形容词，持久的；例句：They have an enduring friendship.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：permanent address:永久地址；适用于填写个人信息等场景，语法上address为名词；例句：Please give me your permanent address..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：permanent job:固定工作；适用于求职等场景，语 法上job为名词；例句：He finally got a permanent job.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：permanent solution:永久的 解决办法；适用于描述解决问题的场景，语法上solution为名词；例句：We need to find a permanent solution to this problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语的用法：原题：The company is planning to make some】 (permanent)changes to its management structure.(答案：permanent) (来源：教材) primitive [词义与词性 ■(adj.)（ad):原始的，远古的 Primitive man made tools from sharp stones and animal bones.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):简单的，粗糙的 The conditions in that village are still primitive.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(ad,)(adj.):基本的，最初的 The ability to communicate is a primitive skil.训（来源：韦氏大词典） 词性转换 ■名词：primitiveness;例句：The primitiveness of their culture is fascinating.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：archaic(adj.):古老的，过时的；例句：This archaic custom is still practiced in some regions.(来源：柯林斯词典) -近义词：primeval(ad.):原始的，远古的；例句：The primeval forest is full of mystery..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：primitive society:原始社会；适用于描述人类社会发展阶段的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：In primitive society,people hunted and gathered for food.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：primitive tool:原始工具；适用 于描述远古时期工具的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：Archaeologists found some primitive tools in the cave, (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：primitive art:原始艺术；适用于艺术领域相关场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句： Primitive art often reflects the life of ancient people.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义：原题：nthe society,people lived in caves.(答案：primitive)考法2：作形容词，考察其比 较级形式；原题：Life in the mountains is even more」 _(primitive)than we thought.(答案：primitive) (来源：教材) possession 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):拥有；持有；具有 He was found in possession of dangerous drugs..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):个人财产；私人物品 All my worldly possessions fit into the suitcase.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):(土地、房屋等)财产，所有物 The family lost all their possessions in the fire.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：possess;形容词：possessive;名词：possessor;:例句：The country possesses rich mineral resources..(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：ownership(n.):所有权；例句：The ownership of the house is still unclear..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：holding(n.):财产；所有物；例句：His holdings include several properties in the city.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in possession of::拥有；占有；适用于描述某人拥有某物的场景，语法上of后接拥有的物品；例句：The police arrested the man in possession of stolen goods.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in the possession of::被…拥有；为 …所占有；适用于描述物品被某人拥有的场景，语法上of后接拥有者；例句：The house is in the possession of an old lady.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：take possession of:占有；占领；适用于描述获得或控制某物的场景，语法上of 后接被占有的物品；例句：They took possession ofthe house after the previous owner moved out..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配in possession of:原题：The man was arrested for being drugs.(答案：in possession of)考法2：考察名词单复数：原题：Alhs _(possession)were destroyed in the flood.(答案：possessions) (来源：教材) annoyed 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):恼怒的；生气的 She was annoyed at his stupid remarks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-动词：annoy;例句：The mosquitoes annoyed me all night..(来源：柯林斯词典)-名词：annoyance;例句：To her annoyance,he didn't turn up.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-副词：annoyedly:例句：He sighed annoyedly..(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：irritated:形容词，恼怒的；例句：He was irritated by the noise.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：frustrated: 形容词，懊恼的；例句：She felt frustrated at the lack of progress.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：vexed:形容词， 烦恼的；例句：He seemed vexed about something.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be annoyed with sb.:对某人生气；适用于表达对他人不满的场景，语法上with后接惹人生气的人；例句： I'm annoyed with him for being late.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be annoyed at sth.:因某事而恼怒；适用于描 述因某事产生负面情绪的场景，语法上at后接令人恼怒的事情；例句：She was annoyed at the delay.(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：get annoyed:变得恼怒；适用于描述情绪变化的场景，语法上get为系动词；例句：Don'tget annoyed with me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在系表结构中的运用：原题：He was.」 (annoy)when he heard the bad news.(答案：annoyed) 考法2：考察由annoyed派生出的名词形式：原题：To his (annoy),he missed the last bus..(答案：annoyance) (来源：教材) friction 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):摩擦；摩擦力 Friction can cause a lot of wear and tear on machinery.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):冲突；不和；争执 There is some friction between the two departments..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：frictional;有摩擦的；由摩擦产生的；例句：Frictional forces act against the motion of the object..(来源：朗 文当代英语词典)》 同近义词 ■近义词：conflict:名词，冲突；争执；例句：The conflict between the two countries lasted for years.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)；近义词：disagreement::名词，分歧；不一致；例句：There was a disagreement among the team members. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：friction between:两者之间的冲突；适用于描述人或群体之间关系不和谐的场景，语法上between后接冲 突的双方；例句：There is friction between the two political parties..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：reduce friction: 减少摩擦；适用于物理或人际关系等场景，语法上reduce后直接接friction;例句：Lubricants are used to reduce friction.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义：原题：There is always some_ (friction)between parents and children..(答案：friction):考法2： 考察名词单复数，一般用单数形式：原题：Frequent _(friction)in a relationship can lead to its breakdown.(答案：friction) (来源：教材) temporary 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):暂时的，临时的 I'm working in a temporary job until I find something better..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：temporariness;形容词变为名词时，加-ness;例句：The temporariness of this arrangement made everyone a bit uneasy..(来源：韦氏词典)；副词：temporarily;形容词变为副词时，加y;例句：He was temporarily suspended from work..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：provisional(adj.):临时的；例句：We made a provisional arrangement to meet next week..(来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：transitory(adj.):短暂的；例句：Happiness is often transitory,but memories can last forever..(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：temporary job:临时工作；适用于描述工作性质的场景，语法上job是可数名词；例句：Many students take temporary jobs during the summer vacation.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：temporary accommodation:临时住处； 适用于描述居住场所的场景，语法上accommodation是不可数名词；例句：They found temporary accommodation in a hotel..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：temporary measure:.临时措施；适用于描述解决问题的临时办法的场景，语 法上measure是可数名词；例句：The government took some temporary measures to deal with the crisis.(来源：牛 津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其副词形式；原题：The school was. temporary)closed due to the heavy snow.(答案：temporarily) (来源：教材) currency 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):货币；通货 The dollar is the most widely used currency in the world.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):通用；流行；流传 The story gained currency in the town.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：current::例句：This is the current economic situation..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：money:名词，货币；例句：|don't have enough money.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：coinage:名 词，货币；例句：The coinage of this country is very beautiful..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：foreign currency:外币；适用于涉及国际金融、旅游等场景，语法上直接使用；例句：You need to exchange your money into foreign currency when you travel abroad.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：in currency:在流通中； 适用于描述货币或信息的传播状态，语法上为固定表达；例句：This kind of note is still in currency.(来源：柯林斯 词典)：短语3：gain currency:流传开来、得到广泛认可；适用于描述观点、消息等的传播情况，语法上为固定表 达；例句：This theory has gained currency among scientists.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义：原题：Many countries use different forms of (curency).(答案：currency)考法2：考察固定 搭配；原题：The word has come into_(currency)recently.(答案：currency) (来源：教材) resist 词义与词性 ■()(V.):抵抗；抵制反抗 Many people resist change.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):忍住；抵挡 I couldn't resist laughing.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：resistance;例句：The defenders put up a strong resistance.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：resistant:例句：This new type of material is resistant to corrosion.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式/过去分词：resisted:例句：They resisted the enemy bravely.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：resisting:例句：He is resisting the temptation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：oppose:动词，反对；例句：Many people oppose the new law.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：Withstand: 动词，抵抗；例句：The building can withstand earthquakes..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：resist doing sth.:忍住不做某事；适用于描述克制自己行为的场景，语法上后接动名词；例句：Ican't resist eating chocolate.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：resist the temptation:抵制诱惑；适用于面对诱惑的场景；例 句：You should resist the temptation of drugs..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：resist an attack:抵抗攻击；适用于描 述军事或对抗场景；例句：The soldiers resisted the enemy's attack.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：be resistant to: 对…有抵抗力；适用于描述物体特性或人的能力；例句：This kind of plant is resistant to drought.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：They (resist))the invasion last year.(答案resisted)考法2： 考察固定搭配can't resist doing sth.:原题：She (resist)buying the beautiful dress.(答案：couldn't resist) (来源：教材) load 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):负载；负荷；装载量 The truck was carrying a heavy load.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n):工作量：负荷量 She has a full-time job and a heavy load of responsibilities at home.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):装载；装上 They loaded the goods onto the ship.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):使担负；使承受 The report loaded him with blame..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：loader;指装载机、装货工人；例句：The loader is very useful for moving heavy things.(来源：韦氏大词典)形 容词：loaded;有负载的、富有的；例句：He is a loaded man.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：loaded; 规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：They loaded the car with presents.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：loading:直 接加-ing:例句：The workers are loading the trucks.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：burden:名词，负担；例句：The burden of debt is too heavy for him.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：charge: 动词，装载；名词，负荷；例句：Charge the battery before use..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：weight::名词，重 量、负担；例句：The weight of responsibility is on his shoulders..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：load.with:把…装满…；适用于描述装载物品的场景，语法上ⅵith后接装载的物品；例句：They loaded the cart with hay.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a load of/loads of:大量；许多；适用于描述数量多 的场景，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词：例句：ve got loads of books.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3： load up::装载货物；适用于装载货物的场景；例句：Ne loaded up the van.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：take a load off one's feet:.坐下休，息；适用于人需要休息的场景；例句：Come in and take a load offyour feet..(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：They _(load)the luggage into the car just now.(答案：loaded) 考法2：考察固定搭配“load...with..”;原题：The workers. the truck bricks.(答案：loaded:with) (来源：教材) tendency 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):倾向；趋势；偏好；脾性 She has a tendency to get angry when others disagree with her..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：tend;例句：People tend to make mistakes when they are tired.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：trend(n.):趋势；潮流；例句：The trend of fashion changes every year.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词： inclination(n.):倾向；意愿；例句：She has an inclination for music.(来源：牛津高阶词典)