选修三Unit 1词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修3Unit1词汇精讲 Unit 1 minority 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):少数；少数派；少数人 Only a minority of British households do not have a car..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):少数民族；少数群体 China has many ethnic minorities.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：minor;例句：There were only minor differences between the two versions.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：fraction:名词，一小部分；例句：Only a small fraction of students were interested in the activity.（来源：牛 津高阶词典)近义词：handful:名词，少数人；例句：A handful of people came to the meeting..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：minority group:少数民族群体；适用于描述特定的少数群体，语法上group为名词；例句：The government should protect the rights of minority groups.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in the minority:占少数；适用于描述数量 上处于少数的情况，语法上in the后接该短语；例句：Women were in the minority at the conference.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数；原题：In some countries,ethnic (minority)have their own unique cultures.(答案：minorities） (来源：教材) remote [词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):偏远的；偏僻的 They lived in a remote village in the mountains..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj.):遥远的；久远的 The custom dates from a remote past..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):关系疏远的；远亲的 He is a remote cousin of mine.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):渺茫的；微乎其微的 There is only a remote possibility of success.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):冷淡的；冷漠的 She gave him a remote look.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：remotely;例句：He is not remotely interested in the project.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：remoteness;例句： The remoteness of the area made it difficult to get supplies.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：distant::形容词，遥远的；同义词：isolated:形容词，偏远的；近义词：far-of:形容词，遥远的；近义词： removed:形容词，疏远的 固定搭配 ■短语1：remote control:遥控；适用于描述使用遥控设备控制电器等场景，语法上可作名词短语；例句：I lost the remote control of the TV..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：remote area:偏远地区；适用于描述地理位置偏僻的 地方，语法上area为名词；例句：Many people in remote areas still live in poverty..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： remote possibility::渺茫的可能性；适用于描述可能性很小的情况，语法上possibility为名词；例句：There's a remote possibility that it will rain tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：remote relative:远亲；适用于描述亲属关系，语 法上relative为名词；例句：She has some remote relatives in the countryside.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词原级作定语修饰名词：原题：The」 remote)island has few visitors.(答案：emote)考法2：考察 副词remotely修饰形容词；原题：The problem is not (remote)easy to solve..(答案：remotely) (来源：教材) angle [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):角；角度 The roof is at a45-degree angle.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):观点；立场 We need to look at this problem from a different angle.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):斜移；斜置 She angled her chair towards the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：angular;有角的；例句：He has an angular face..（来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：angled; 例句：He angled his fishing rod towards the water..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：angling;例句：He was angling for compliments.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：corner:名词，角落；例句：He sat in the corner of the room.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：perspective: 名词，观点；例句：You should try to see the problem from a different perspective.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：atan angle:成一定角度；适用于描述物体摆放状态的场景，语法上常作状语；例句：The picture was hanging at an angle.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：from...angle:从…角度；适用于描述看待问题的立场，语法上from 后接表示角度的名词：例句：From this angle,the problem seems easier..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：angle for:谋 取；猎取；适用于描述试图获得某物的场景，语法上后接想获得的事物；例句：He's always angling for a promotion. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：The two._(angle)of the triangle are equal.(答案：angles)考法2：考察 固定搭配angle for:原题：He's always._(angle)for attention.(答案：angling) (来源：教材) demand 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):要求；需求 The workers'demands for higher pay were refused.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):强烈要求；需要 The job demands a lt of patience.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：demand;形容词：demanding;例句：Being a teacher is a demanding profession.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词现在分词：demanding;例句：The protesters are demanding better working conditions..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词 过去式和过去分词：demanded;例句：She demanded an apology from him.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：require:动词，需要；例句：This task requires special skills.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：claim:动词， 要求；例句：She claimed compensation for her loss.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：demand sth.from/of sb.:向某人强烈要求某物；适用于表达提出要求的场景，语法上from/of后接被要求 的人；例句：The boss demanded more work from his employees.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in demand:有需 求；受欢迎；适用于描述事物的需求情况，无特殊语法要求；例句：This kind of product is in great demand.(来源： 柯林斯词典)短语3：meet the demand:满足需求；适用于商业或供应场景，无特殊语法要求；例句：The factory must increase production to meet the demand..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：make demands on:对…提出要求； 适用于描述对人或事物提出期望或要求的场景，语法上on后接被要求的对象；例句：Parents should not make too many demands on their children.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：The customers. (demand)a refund yesterday..(答案：demanded)考法2： 考察固定搭配in demand;原题：Good English teachers are alays in this area.(答案：in demand) (来源：教材) rigid 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):严格的；死板的；僵硬的 The school has rigid rules about attendance.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):刚硬的；不易弯曲的 This plastic is very rigid..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：rigidly;形容词变副词加y;例句：He adhered rigidly to the rules.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：rigidity:形 容词变名词去-id加-ity;例句：The rigidity of the system makes it difficult to change.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：strict(adj.):严格的；例句：Our teacher is very strict with us.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：inflexible (ad.):固执的；不易弯曲的；例句：He has an inflexible attitude.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：rigid rules:严格的规则；适用于描述规则严格的场景，语法上rules为名词复数；例句：The company has rigid rules about punctuality..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：rigid structure:刚性结构；适用于描述物体结构坚硬的 场景，语法上structure为名词；例句：The building has a rigid structure.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：rigid in one's views:观点固执；适用于描述人观点不灵活的场景，语法上in后接观点相关内容；例句：He is rigid in his views on politics.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义：原题：The new regulations are so that many people find it hard to adapt..(答案：igid)考法 2:考察固定搭配rigid in one's views;原题：He is always his opinions and refuses to listen to others.(答案： rigid in) (来源：教材) hunt 词义与词性 ■()(v.):打猎；猎取 They often go hunting in the mounta ins..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.)搜寻；寻找 She hunted through her purse for her keys.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):打猎；搜寻 The police are on the hunt for the suspect.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：hunter;猎人；例句：The hunter shot a deer.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：hunting;打猎；例句：Hunting is prohibited in this area.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：hunting:去t加ing;例句：He is hunting for a job.(来源：柯 林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：hunted;规则变化；例句：They hunted rabbits last weekend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：search:动词，搜索；寻找；例句：They searched the whole area for the lost child.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：seek:动词，寻找；寻求；例句：She is seeking advice from her teacher.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hunt for:寻找；搜寻；适用于描述寻找人或物的场景，语法上for后接寻找的对象；例句：m hunting for my lost watch..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go hunting:去打猎；适用于描述去进行打猎活动的场景，语法上 hunting为动名词形式；例句：My father likes to go hunting on weekends.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：hunt down: 追捕到；找到；适用于描述追捕罪犯或找到某物的场景，语法上down为副词；例句：The police finally hunted down the criminal.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：hunt out:找出；挑出；适用于描述从众多事物中找出特定事物的场景， 语法上out为副词；例句：She hunted out an old photo from the album.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：They (hunt)in the forest last year.(答案hunted)考法2：考察固定搭配 hunt for;原题：Heis__(hunt)a new house.(答案：hunting for) (来源：教材) curriculum 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):全部课程 The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■复数：curricula或curriculums;例句：The curricula of different schools vary..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：syllabus:名词，教学大纲；例句：The syllabus lists the knowledge and skills you are expected to acquire. (来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：course:名词，课程；例句：She is taking a French course.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：curriculum vitae:简历；适用于求职等介绍个人经历的场景，语法上为固定短语；例句：Please send me your curriculum vitae.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：core curriculum:核心课程；适用于描述学校课程体系的场 景，语法上core为形容词修饰curriculum;例句：Math and English are part of the core curriculum.(来源：柯林斯 词典)：短语3：hidden curriculum:隐性课程；适用于教育领域讨论非正规课程影响的场景，语法上hidden为形容 词修饰curriculum;例句：The hidden curriculum in schools can have a great impact on students.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：The school offers a wide range of (curriculum.(答案：curicula) (来源：教材) enormous 词义与词性 (adj.)(adj):巨大的，庞大的 The elephant has an enommous body.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■副词：enormously;例句：The problem has affected me enormously.(来源：柯林斯词典)；名词：enormity;例句： They didn't realize the enormity of the crime.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：huge(adj.),巨大的；例句：The city has a huge population.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：近义词：immense (ad.),极大的：例句：They made an immense amount of money.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：gigantic(ad.), 巨大的；例句：A gigantic wave crashed against the beach.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：an enormous amount of:大量的；适用于描述数量很多的场景，语法上后接不可数名词；例句：He has spent an enormous amount of time on this project.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：enormous in size:在尺寸上巨大；适 用于描述物体大小的场景；例句：The dinosaur was enormous in size.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其修饰名词的用法；原题：The (enommous)amount of work made him tired.(答案：enormous) (来源：教材) restricted 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):受限制的；有限的；受约束的 The restricted access to the building is only for authorized personnel..(来源：剑桥词典) ■(adj)(adj.):保密的：限于少数人使用的 This is restricted information..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：restrict;名词：restriction;副词：restrictively;例句：The new law restricts the sale of alcohol.(来源：柯林斯 词典)例句：There are strict restrictions on parking here.(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：He answered the questions restrictively..(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：limited:形容词，有限的；例句：Ne have limited resources.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：confined: 形容词，受限制的；例句：He was confined to a wheelchair..(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：constrained:形容词， 受约束的；例句：She felt constrained by the rules.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be restricted to:被限制在；适用于描述范围、数量等被限定的场景，语法上to后接限制的范围；例 句：Membership of the club is restricted to men only..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：restricted area:禁区；适用于 描述禁止进入的区域场景；例句：You can't enter the restricted area without permission.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语 3:restricted access:受限访问；适用于描述对信息、场所等访问受限制的场景；例句：This website has restricted access.(来源：剑桥词典)；短语4：restricted to a few:仅限于少数；适用于描述数量有限的场景；例句：The invitations are restricted to a few close friends..(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中作定语的用法：原题：The area is (restrict)to the public..(答案：restricted)考法 2:考察其动词形式restrict的用法；原题：The government should (restrict)the use of plastic bags..(答案：restrict) (来源：教材) fluency 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):流利；流畅；通顺 He speaks English with great fluency.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：fluent;例句：She is fluent in three languages..(来源：柯林斯词典)；副词：fluently;例句：He can speak French quite fluently.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：eloquence:名词，雄辩：口才；例句：His eloquence impressed the audience.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义 词：smoothness:名词，流畅；平稳；例句：The smoothness of his speech was remarkable.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：with fluency:流利地；适用于描述说话、写作等表达情况的场景，语法上Mith fluency在句中作状语；例 句：She can read the text with fluency..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：achieve fluency::达到流利程度；适用于 描述学习语言等技能达到的水平场景，语法上achieve是及物动词，后接fluency;例句：It takes time to achieve fluency in a foreign language.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短语3：fluency in:在…方面流利；适用于说明在某一 领域或语言的流利情况，语法上in后接领域或语言；例句：Fluency in Spanish is required for this job.(来源：剑桥词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式：原题：（某地模拟题）The teacher praised his」 (fluency)in speaking English.(答案：fluency) (来源：教材) sew 词义与词性 ■()(V.):缝；做针线活；缝纫 My mother can sew beautifully..(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典) ■()(.)：缝上；缝进 She sewed a button on his shirt.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■过去式：sewed;过去分词：sewn或sewed;名词：sewer(缝纫者；缝纫机)；例句：The sewer fixed the dress quickly.(来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：stitch(v.):缝；缝合；例句：Stitch the two pieces of fabric together..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： embroider(v.):刺绣；例句：She embroidered flowers on the tablecloth.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sewsth..up:缝合；缝好；适用于描述缝补物品的场景，语法上up为副词：例句：She sewed up the hole in her jeans.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：sew sth.on:缝上；适用于将一个物品缝到另一个物品上的场景，语法 上on后接被缝到的物品：例句：Sew the patch on your jacket.(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典)短语3：sew A and B together:把A和B缝在一起；适用于将两个物品缝合成一个的场景，语法上and连接两个物品；例句：Sew the two sleeves together..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察动词的过去式和过去分词形式：原题：She (sew)a dress for her daughter last week.(答案sewed)考法 2:作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Look!She is. (sew)a new skirt.(答案sewing) (来源：教材) grasp [词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):抓紧；抓住；抱住 The child grasped my hand tightly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):理解；领会；领悟 1 don't grasp your meaning.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):紧握；紧抓 The thief tried to break her grasp.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):理解；领会 He has a good grasp of German grammar.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：graspable:可抓住的；能理解的：例句：The concept is not easily graspable.(来源：韦氏词典)名词： grasper:抓住者；理解者；例句：A quick grasper can learn new knowledge fast.(来源：自建)动词过去式/过去 分词：grasped(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：He grasped the opportunity last year..(来源：自建)动词现在分词： grasping(直接加-ing);例句：She is grasping the main idea of the passage.(来源：自建) 同近义词 ■近义词：seize:动词，抓住；夺取；例句：He seized the chance to show his talent.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： comprehend:动词，理解；领会；例句：ljust can't comprehend your attitude.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：clutch: 动词，抓紧；紧握；例句：She clutched her purse tightly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：grasp at:试图抓住：急切地抓住；适用于描述人想要抓住机会或物品的场景，语法上at后接想要抓住的 对象；例句：He grasped at the opportunity when it came.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：have a grasp of:理解； 掌握；适用于描述人对知识、技能等的掌握情况，语法上of后接被掌握的内容；例句：You need to have a grasp of these basic concepts.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：grasp one's hand:握住某人的手；适用于描述肢体动作的 场景；例句：She grasped my hand warmly.(来源：自建)短语4：beyond one's grasp:为某人所不能理解；超出 某人的能力范围；适用于描述事物的难度超出某人的理解或能力；例句：The problem is beyond my grasp.(来源：自建) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He_(grasp)the rope and climbed up.(答案：grasped)考法2：考察固定 搭配have a grasp of:原题：You should have a good_ (grasp),of basic knowledge..(答案：gasp) (来源：教材) isolated 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):偏远的；偏僻的；孤立的；孤零零的 They lived in a remote and isolated village.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj):孤独的；孤单的；孤立无援的 She felt isolated and friendless..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：isolate;名词：isolation;例句：Prisoners should not be kept in isolation for long periods.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词 过去式/过去分词：isolated(规则变化，直接加-d);例句：Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：isolating;例句：They are isolating the problem to find a solution.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：secluded(adj.):与世隔绝的：隐蔽的；例句：They had a secluded cottage in the mountains.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)-近义词：lonely(adj.):孤独的；寂寞的；例句：She led a lonely life after her husband's death.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be isolated from:与…隔离；与…隔绝；适用于描述人或事物与外界分离的场景，语法上rom后接被 隔离的对象；例句：The island is isolated from the mainland.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：feel isolated:感到孤 独；适用于描述人的心理状态，语法上没有特殊要求；例句：He often feels isolated in the new school..(来源：柯林 斯词典)短语3：isolated case:个别情况；孤立事件；适用于描述某一事件不具有普遍性的场景，语法上通常作主 语或宾语；例句：This is just an isolated case and not a general trend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作表语；原题：（某地模拟题）The old man lived in a small house,.feeling (isolate).(答案： isolated)考法2：考察固定搭配be isolated from:原题：（某地高考真题）The small town(isolate)from the outside world by the heavy snow last winter..(答案：was isolated) (来源：教材) harsh 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):残酷的；严厉的；恶劣的；粗糙的；刺耳的；刺眼的 The punishment was too harsh for such a minor offense.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):毛糙的；使人不舒服的 The harsh surface of the sandpaper scratched my hand.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-副词：harshly:严厉地，苛刻地；例句：The teacher criticized him harshly for his mistake.(来源：牛津高阶词典)： -名词：harshness:.严厉，严酷；例句：The harshness of the winter made it difficult to survive.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：severe(adj.):严厉的，严峻的；例句：He was given a severe punishment.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近 义词：rigorous(ad.):严格的，严厉的；例句：The school has rigorous discipline.(来源：柯林斯词典)；-近义词： stem(adj.):严厉的，严肃的：例句：The stern teacher made the students afraid.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：harsh on sb.:对某人严厉；适用于描述对他人态度严厉的场景，语法上on后接人；例句：Don't be too harsh on him;he's just a child.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：harsh criticism:严厉的批评；适用于表达 批评的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：He received harsh criticism for his poor performance.(来源：柯林斯词 典)；短语3：harsh conditions:恶劣的条件；适用于描述环境、情况等不佳的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句： Many people can't stand the harsh conditions in the desert.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：harsh reality:残酷的现 实；适用于描述现实残酷的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：e have to face the harsh reality of life.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法