选修二Unit 3词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修2Unit3词汇精讲 Unit 3 professor 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):教授；（大学的）讲座教授；（美国大学的）正教授 My professor is an expert in economics..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(大学的)教师；教员 He worked as a professor at the local university.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：professorial:教授的；学者派头的；例句：He has a professorial manner.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：lecturer:名词，讲师；例句：The lecturer gave a very interesting talk.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；同义词： instructor:名词，教师；例句：The skiing instructor taught us how to turn.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：visiting professor::客座教授；适用于描述大学邀请外部专家授课的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：The university has invited a visiting professor from abroad.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：professor of.:…学科的教授；适用 于介绍教授所教授学科的场景，语法上of后接学科名称；例句：He is a professor ofmathematics..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many famous」 (profe ssor)in this university..(答案：professors) (来源：教材) maturity 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):成熟；完备 Her behavior showed a high level of maturity.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):到期；期满 The maturity of the bond is in five years.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：mature;例句：She has a mature attitude towards life.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词：mature;例句：Boys tend to mature more slowly than girls.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：ripeness(n):成熟；例句：The ripeness of the fruit indicates it''s ready to eat..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：adulthood(n.):成年；例句：Adulthood brings new responsibilities..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：reach maturity:达到成熟；适用于描述人或事物发展到成熟阶段的场景，语法上reach为谓语动词； 例句：The trees will reach maturity in about ten years.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：financial maturity::财务成 熟；适用于描述个人或组织在财务方面的成熟状态，语法上为名词短语；例句：Financial maturity is important for managing personal finances..（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：emotional maturity:情感成熟；适用于描述个人在情感方 面的成熟程度，语法上为名词短语；例句：Emotional maturity helps people deal with stress better..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义：原题：Vith the (mature)of the market,competition has become more intense.(maturity) (来源：教材) scream 词义与词性 ■()(V.):尖叫；高声喊；呼啸；发出尖锐刺耳的声音 She screamed when she saw the mouse.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音 We heard screams coming from the house.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：screaming:修饰事物时表示发出尖叫的、令人惊愕的；修饰人时表示歇斯底里的；例句：The child gave a screaming fit.(来源：韦氏大词典)名词：screamer;表示尖叫者、引人注意的事物；例句：The screamer on the roller-coaster was really excited.(来源：韦氏大词典)动词过去式和过去分词：screamed;规则变化，直接加-ed; 例句：She screamed at the top of her voice.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：screaming;直接加-ing;例句： The fans were screaming with excitement.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：shriek(v.In.):尖叫；强调声音高而尖；例句：She shrieked in terror..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：yell (v.In.):大喊：侧重于因愤怒、激动等大声呼喊；例句：He yelled at his dog.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：howl (v.In.):嚎叫；常指人或动物发出悠长、大声的声音；例句：The wind howled through the trees.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：scream at sb.:对某人大声叫嚷；适用于生气或情绪激动时向某人表达不满的场景，语法上at后接被叫嚷的 对象；例句：Don't scream at me!'m not the one who made the mistake.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：scream for sth.:强烈要求某物；适用于表达迫切需求的场景，语法上for后接需求的事物；例句：The workers are screaming for better working conditions.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：let out a scream:发出一声尖叫；适用于突然受到惊吓 等场景，语法上let out后接a scream;例句：She let out a scream when she saw the snake..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：scream in pain:痛苦地尖叫；适用于描述人处于痛苦状态的场景，语法上in后接表示情绪或状态的名词； 例句：The injured man screamed in pain.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式作伴随状语；原题： (scream)with fear,the girl dared not move in the dark cave (答案：Screaming)考法2：考察固定搭配scream at sb.:原题：You shouldn't (scream)your mother like that. (答案：scream at) (来源：教材) triangle 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):三角形 This island is triangular in shape because it is formed by three rivers,so we call it a river-triangle.(来源：外研社《英语》高中教材) ■(n.)(n.):三角形物体 He drew a triangle on the board.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):三角关系 The love triangle involves three people.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：triangular;例句：The sail is triangular..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：trigon:名词，三角形；例句：The trigon on the map represents a special location.(来源：韦氏词典)近义 词：delta:名词，三角洲（形状类似三角形）；例句：The Nile Delta is a fertile area.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：right-angled triangle:直角三角形；适用于数学几何场景，语法上直接使用；例句：A right-angled triangle has one angle of90 degrees.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：equilateral triangle:等边三角形；适用于数学几何场 景，语法上直接使用；例句：An equilateral triangle has three equal sides.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：love triangle: 三角恋爱关系；适用于描述情感关系场景，语法上直接使用；例句：The movie is about a complicated love triangle (来源：外研社《英语》高中教材) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：There are several (triangle)in this picture..(答案：triangles) (来源：教材) found 词义与词性 ■()(v.):创建；创办；建立 The college was founded in1920.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):把…基于；以…为基础 The theory is founded on the results of numerous experiments.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：foundation;例句：The foundation of the university dates back to1872.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：foun dational;例句：These courses provide foundational knowledge in science.(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式I过去分 词：founded(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：The company was founded by a young entrepreneur..(来源：柯林斯词 典)动词现在分词：founding;例句：He is involved in founding a new charity.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：establish:动词，建立；创办；例句：They established a new business in the city..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：set up:动词短语，建立；设立；例句：They set up a committee to handle the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：found sth..on/upon sth.:把…建立在…基础上；适用于描述理论、观点等的依据场景，语法上on/upon 后接依据的事物；例句：You should found your conclusions on careful research.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2： be founded by:由…创办；适用于描述机构、组织等的创办者场景，语法上by后接创办者；例句：The hospi- tal was founded by a famous doctor..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：found a company/an organization:创办一家公 司/一个组织；适用于描述创业、成立组织的场景；例句：He founded a sofware company last year..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考查其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The city (found)in the13 th century..(答案：was founded)考 法2：考查固定搭配be founded on:原题：His argument_ (found)on facts.(答案：is founded) (来源：教材) sculptor 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):雕刻家；雕塑家 Michelangelo was a fa mous sculptor..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：sculpt;意为雕刻、雕塑；例句：He can sculpt beautiful statues.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：sculpture;意为 雕塑品、雕刻作品；例句：The museum has many famous sculptures.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：carver::名词，雕刻者；例句：The carver made a beautiful wooden figure.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词： statuary:名词，雕刻家；例句：The statuary created a masterpiece.（来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：awel‖-known sculptor::一位著名的雕塑家；适用于介绍人物的场景，语法上well-known作定语修饰 sculptor;例句：He is a well-known sculptor..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a contemporary sculptor::一位当代雕 塑家；适用于描述雕塑家所属时代的场景，语法上contemporary作定语修饰sculptor;例句：She is a contemporary sculptor.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many famous」 (sculptor)in history.(答案：sculptors) (来源：教材) controversial 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):有争议的；引起争议的 The controversial decision was finally made..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：controversy:例句：The new policy has caused a lot of controversy..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：debated:形容词，有争议的；例句：The debated issue needs further discussion.(来源：词海)；近义词： disputed:形容词，有争议的；例句：The disputed territory has been a source of conflict.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a controversial issue:一个有争议的问题；适用于讨论话题的场景，语法上issue是可数名词；例句：The use of animals in experiments is a controversial issue.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：controversial decision:有争议 的决定；适用于描述决策的场景，语法上decision是可数名词；例句：The controversial decision made many people angry..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词用法，在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：The (controversial)topic always attracts a lot of attention. (答案：controversial) (来源：教材) applaud 词义与词性 ■()(v.):鼓掌；喝彩 The audience applauded wildly at the end of the performance.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):称赞；赞许 Ve should applaud the govemment's efforts to reduce crime.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：applause;动词现在分词：applauding;动词过去式和过去分词：applauded;例句：The applause was thunderous. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：commend(v.):称赞；表扬；例句：The judge commended the firefighters for their bravery..(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：praise(v.):赞扬；称赞；例句：Parents should praise their children when they do wel‖.（来源：柯林斯词典） 固定搭配 ■短语1：applaud sb.for sth:因某事称赞某人；适用于表达对某人行为认可的场景，语法上for后接被称赞的事 情；例句：The teacher applauded the students for their hard work.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：applaud sth:对 某事表示赞赏；适用于表达对事件或举措的肯定场景；例句：The public applauded the new policy.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：The audience (a ppla ud)the singer at the concert last night.(答案：applauded) 考法2：考察固定搭配applaud sb.for sth.;原题：The manager_the staff_their excellent performance.(答案： applauded:for) (来源：教材) compose 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):组成，构成 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(.)：创作（音乐、诗歌等） Beethoven composed some of the greatest symphonies..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(V.):使平静，使镇静 Compose yourself and tell me what happened.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：composition;创作；例句：The composition of this poem took him a long time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-形 容词：composed;镇静的；例句：She remained composed throughout the crisis..(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词现在分 词：composing;例句：He is composing a new song.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词过去式和过去分词：composed; 例句：He composed a beautiful piece of music last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：create(v.):创造；例句：The artist created a masterpiece.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：form(v.): 组成；例句：A committee was formed to deal with the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be composed of::由…组成；适用于描述事物的组成成分，语法上f后接组成部分；例句：The committee is composed often members.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：compose oneself:使自己镇静下来；适用于需要平静 情绪的场景，语法上oneself随主语变化；例句：You should compose yourself before you speak in public.(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：compose a poem/song:创作一首诗歌曲；适用于描述创作文艺作品的场景，语法上直接加创 作的内容；例句：She composed a beautiful poem for her mother..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He」 (compose)a wonderful piece of music in his youth.composed) 考法2：考察固定搭配be composed of::原题：The team(compose)of ten students.(答案is composed) (来源：教材) symphony [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):交响乐；交响曲 Beethoven's Symphony No..5 is one of the most famous pieces of classical music.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):和谐；协调；和声 The colors in the painting create a symphony of tones..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：symphonic:交响乐的：和声的：和谐的例句：The symphonic music filled the concert hall..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：symphonic poem:名词，交响诗例句：Liszt is well-known for his symphonic poems.(来源：柯林斯词典) -近义词：orchestral work::名词，管弦乐作品例句：This orchestral work is very moving.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：symphony orchestra:交响乐团；适用于描述音乐表演团体的场景，语法上orchestra为名词；例句：The symphony orchestra will perform next week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：a symphony of sth.:…的和谐组合； 适用于描述多种事物和谐搭配的场景，语法上of后接组合的事物；例句：There was a symphony of colors in the sunset..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：Many great. (symphony)have been composed over the centuries.(答案：symphonies) (来源：教材) superb 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):极好的；卓越的；质量极高的 The sports facilities are superb.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad.)(adj.):华丽的；华美的：豪华的 The actress wore a superb diamond necklace.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：superbly:例句：The orchestra played superbly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：excellent:形容词，优秀的；例句：He has an excellent memory..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-同义词：outstanding: 形容词，杰出的；例句：She is an outstanding student..(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：marvelous:.形容词，非凡的； 例句：We had a marvelous time at the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：superb performance:精彩的表演；适用于描述演出、比赛等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The singer gave a superb performance last night..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语2：superb view:绝佳的景色；适用于描述风景的场景，语法上 作名词短语：例句：The villa has a superb view ofthe sea.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：superb quality:卓越的品质；适 用于描述产品、服务等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：This brand is famous for its superb quality.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：The hotel offers」 (superb)accommodation.(答案：superb) (来源：教材) brilliant [词义与词性 ■(ad.)(adj.):明亮的；耀眼的 The moon was brilliant.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):巧妙的；使人印象深刻的 a brilliant idea(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad)（adj):聪颍的；技艺高的 She's a bril训iant scientist..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：bril训iance;:指才华、光辉例句：The brilliance of his speech impressed the audience.(来源：柯林斯词典)副 词：brilliantly;指明亮地、出色地；例句：He played the piano brilliantly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：bright:形容词，明亮的、聪明的；例句：The room was filled with bright sunlight.(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：genius:形容词，天才的、有天赋的；例句：He has a genius mind.（来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：excellent: 形容词，优秀的、杰出的；例句：This is an excellent movie.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brilliant idea:绝妙的主意；适用于表达对某个想法的赞赏场景，语法上idea为可数名词；例句：That'sa brilliant idea!(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：brilliant performance:精彩的表演；适用于描述表演出色的场景，语 法上performance为可数名词；例句：The actor gave a brilliant performance.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：brili训ant sunshine:灿烂的阳光；适用于描述天气场景，语法上sunshine为不可数名词；例句：e sat in the brilliant sunshine (来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词：原题：He came up with a_一(brilliant)plan.（答案：brii训ant)考法2：考察副词修 饰动词；原题：She perfommed._ _(brilliant))in the competition..(答案：brilliantly) (来源：教材) royal 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):国王的；女王的；王室的：皇家的 The royal family attended the ceremony.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):盛大的；隆重的；极大的；最佳的 They gave us a royal welcome.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：royalty;指王室成员；皇室；王权；例句：The royalty has a long-standing tradition.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：imperial::形容词，帝国的；皇家的；例句：The imperial palace is very magnificent.(来源：柯林斯词典)； 近义词：rega:形容词，帝王的；王室的；例句：She has a regal bearing.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：royal family:王室；适用于描述与君主制国家的皇室成员相关场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The royal family is very popular in the country..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：royal wedding:皇家婚礼；适用于描述皇室 成员结婚的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The whole nation was excited about the royal wedding.(来源：柯林斯 词典)；短语3：royal decree:御旨；适用于古代或特定君主制背景下下达命令的场景，语法上作名词短语；例 句：The people had to obey the royal decree..(来源：韦氏词典)；短语4：royal court:宫廷；适用于描述君主生活 和处理政务的地方相关场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Many nobles gathered at the royal court.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中作定语修饰名词：原题：Te_ (roya)family's visit attracted a large crowd.(答案： royal) (来源：教材) beauty 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):美；美丽；漂亮；美好的事物 The beauty of the sunset took my breath away.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):美人；美女 She is known as a great beauty.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):优点；妙处；好处 The beauty of the plan is its simplicity..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：beautiful;例句：The park is very beautiful in spring.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：beautifully;例句：The dress is beautifully made.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：loveliness:名词，可爱；美丽；例句：The loveliness of the garden impressed us.(来源：柯林斯词典)近 义词：charm:名词，魅力；例句：The old town has a lot of charm.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：grace:名词， 优美；优雅；例句：She moved with grace.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：beauty spot:风景胜地；适用于描述旅游景点等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The lake is a famous beauty spot.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：beauty queen:选美皇后；适用于选美相关场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The beauty queen waved to the crowd.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：beauty treatment:美容护理；适用于美容行业场景，语 法上作名词短语；例句：She had a beauty treatment at the salon.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：natural beauty:自然美； 适用于描述自然景观等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The island is famous for its natural beauty.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many_(beauty)in the art gallery..(答案：beauties)考法2：作定语， 考察形容词形式；原题：We were attracted by the (beauty)scenery.(答案：beautiful) (来源：教材) noble 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):高尚的，崇高的 It was a noble act to help the poor..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj,)(adj):贵族的，高贵的 He comes from a noble famil冰.（来源：柯林斯词典） ■(n)(n.):贵族