必修三Unit 4词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修3Unit4词汇精讲 Unit 4 guideline 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):指导方针；准则；指南 The government has issued guidelines on safety at work..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：guiding;意为有指导意义的；例句：Her guiding principle in life was to always be honest.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：rule:名词，规则；例句：You must follow the rules of the game..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：近义词：principle: 名词，原则；例句：He lives his life according to his principles.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：follow the guidelines:遵循指导方针；适用于需要按照规则或指示行事的场景，语法上follow后直接接 guidelines;例句：You should follow the guidelines when you write this report..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：issue guidelines:发布指导方针；适用于官方或组织发布规则的场景，语法上issue为及物动词，直接接宾语；例句：The school issued guidelines on students'behavior..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式；原题：The new guideline)for the project were very clear.(答案：guidelines) (来源：教材) enthusiasm 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):热情：热忱；热心 She showed great enthusiasm for the project..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):热衷的事物；激发热情的事物 One of his many enthusiasms is football.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：enthusiastic;例句：The students were enthusiastic about the new teaching method..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 副词：enthusiastically;例句：He nodded enthusiastically.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：zeal(n.):热情；热忱；例句：She attacked her studies with zeal.(来源：韦氏大词典)-近义词：passion (n.):激情；热情；例句：He has a passion for music..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：with enthusiasm:热情地；适用于描述某人做某事的状态，语法上with后接名词enthusiasm;例句：The audience cheered with enthusiasm.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：enthusiasm for sth.:对某事的热情；适用于表 达对事物的喜爱程度，语法上for后接喜爱的事物；例句：She has an enthusiasm for painting..(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：arouse one's enthusiasm:激起某人的热情；适用于描述激发某人兴趣的场景，语法上arouse后接某人的 所有格；例句：The speech aroused the audience''s enthusiasm.(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式；原题：The students showed great (enthusiasm)forthe activity..(答案：enthusiasm)考法2： 考察其形容词形式enthusiastic;原题：He is always】. (enthusia sm)about helping others.(答案：enthusiastic) (来源：教材) qualification 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):资格；资质；合格证 She has the necessary qualifications for this job.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):限定条件；附加条件 The offer was accepted without any qualification..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：qualify;例句：You need to qualify for this competition.（来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：qualified;例句：Heis a qualified doctor.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：requirement:名词，要求；例句：We must meet the requirements of the standard.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：credential:.名词，资格；例句：His academic credentials are excellent.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：academic qualification:学历；学术资格；适用于描述教育背景的场景，语法上常作主语或宾语；例句： Academic qualification is important for this position.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：professional qualification:专业 资格；适用于职业领域，语法上常作主语或宾语；例句：You need professional qualification to work in this industry.. (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：meet the qualifications:符合条件；适用于招聘、选拔等场景，语法上作谓语；例句： You must meet the qualifications to apply for this job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：with no qualification:无条件 地；适用于表达态度、决定的场景，语法上作状语：例句：He accepted the offer with no qualification.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：All applicants must have the necessary qualification).(答案：qua lifications) 考法2：考察固定搭配with no qualification:原题：He agreed to the plan」 (with no qualification).(答案：with no qualification) (来源：教材) track [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):小路；小径 We followed the track through the forest..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):跑道；赛道 The athletes are waming up on the track..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):铁轨；轨道 The train left the tracks and crashed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):跟踪；追踪 The police tracked the suspect to his hide-out.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：tracker;追踪者；例句：The tracker followed the animal's footprints.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：trackless;无 踪迹的；例句：The trackless wilderness stretched before them.(来源：韦氏大词典)动词现在分词：tracking;例句： They are tracking the migrating birds.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：tracked;例句：The hunters tracked the deer all day..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：trace:动词，追踪；例句：The detective traced the letter to its sender..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： trail:动词，跟踪；例句：The dogs trailed the fox.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：keep track of:跟踪；了解…的动态；适用于描述对事物状态或信息的持续关注场景，语法上of后接 关注的对象；例句：You should keep track of your expenses.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：lose track of:失去 …的线索；忘记；适用于描述不再知晓事物状态或信息的场景；例句：ve lost track of how many books I've read. (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：track down:追踪到；找到；适用于描述寻找人或事物的场景，语法上dowm后接要 找的人或物；例句：The police finally tracked down the criminal.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：off the track:离 题；出轨；适用于描述话题偏离或者事物脱离正常轨道的场景；例句：Your answer is off the track.(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The researchers (track)the changes in the weather for years.(答案： tracked)考法2：考察固定搭配keep track of:原题：It's hard to】 all the new trends.(答案：keep track of) (来源：教材) charitable 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):慈善的；仁慈的；慷慨的 The charitable organization donated a lot of money to the poor:.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：charity:例句：He gave all his savings to charity.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-副词：charitably:例句：He judged her charitably.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：benevolent::形容词，慈善的、仁慈的；例句：The benevolent old man donated a lot to the local school..(来 源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：philanthropic:形容词，博爱的、慈善的；例句：The philanthropic foundation supports various causes.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：charitable organization:慈善组织；适用于描述公益团体的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：The charitable organization helps those in need.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：charitable donation:慈善捐赠；适用于 表达捐赠行为的场景，可作主语、宾语；例句：They made a large charitable donation last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：be charitable to:对…仁慈；适用于描述人态度的场景，to后接对象；例句：We should be charitable to the less fortunate..(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词；原题：The_ (charity)work has helped many people.(答案：charitable) (来源：教材) foundation [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):基础；根基；根据 The rumor has no foundation in fact..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):地基；底座 The foundations of the house are sinking.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):基金会 The Ford Foundation sponsored the research..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：foundational;例句：These are the foundational principles of our society.(来源：韦氏词典)动词：found;例 句：He founded the company in1990.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：basis:名词，基础；例句：We reached an agreement on the basis of equality.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：groundwork:名词，基础工作；例句：They have done the groundwork for the project..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：lay the foundation for:为…奠定基础；适用于描述为某事做准备或创造条件的场景，语法上for后接 被奠定基础的事物；例句：Hard work laid the foundation for his success.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：on the foundation of::在…的基础上；适用于描述基于已有事物进行拓展或发展的场景，语法上of后接基础事物：例句： Ne built our theory on the foundation of previous research.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：without foundation:毫无根据； 适用于描述言论、观点等没有事实依据的场景；例句：The claim is completely without foundation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义“基础”；原题：Good habits are the (foundation)of a healthy li.(答案：foundation)考法2： 考察固定搭配lay the foundation for;原题：Reading widely can for your future study.(答案：lay the foundation) (来源：教材) employ 词义与词性 ■()(v.):雇用；聘用 The company employs over500 people.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):使用；利用 Ve should employ every possible means to solve the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):使从事；使忙于 She was employed in taking care of the children..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：employment;例句：The government is trying to reduce unemployment and increase employment.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)名词：employer;:例句：The employer is responsible for providing a safe working environment..(来源：柯林斯 词典)名词：employee;例句：The employees are demanding higher pay..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：employed; 例句：Most of the people here are gainfully employed..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)形容词：unemployed;例句： The number of unemployed people has increased recently.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：hire(v.):雇用；聘用；例句：They hired a new secretary last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：engage (v.):雇；聘；例句：The actor was engaged to play the lead role.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：utilize(v.):使用； 利用；例句：Ne should utilize our resources more effectively.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：employ sb.as sth.:雇用某人担任某职位；适用于描述招聘场景，语法上as后接职位名称；例句：They employed her as a manager..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be employed in(doing)sth.:忙于（做）某事；适用于 描述某人正在从事某项工作或活动的场景；例句：He is employed in writing a report..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词 典)短语3：employ oneself in(doing)sth.:使自己忙于（做）某事；适用于描述某人主动投入某项活动的场景；例 句：She employed herself in reading books.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：in the employ of sb:受雇于某人；适用于 描述雇佣关系的场景；例句：He is in the employ of a big company.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The factory _(employ)many workers last year.employed) 考法2：考察名词employment的用法：原题：The (employ)rate in this area is very high.employment) (来源：教材) nearby 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):附近的；邻近的 He works in a nearby factory.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):在附近；在近处 Come and sit nearby.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：neamess:表示距离近；例句：The nearness of the exam made her nervous.(来源：朗文当代词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：adjacent(adj.):邻近的；毗邻的；例句：The two adjacent rooms are for guests..（来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：close(ad.):近的；接近的；例句：The post-office is quite close.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：nearby school:附近的学校；适用于描述地理位置的场景，语法上nearby作前置定语修饰名词；例句：Many students go to the nearby school.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：live nearby:住在附近；适用于描述居住位置的场 景，语法上nearby作副词；例句：She lives nearby.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词用法，作前置定语：原题：There is a」 (nearby)supermarket..(答案：nearby)考法2：考察副词用 法；原题：He parked his car_ (nearby).(答案：nearby) (来源：教材) conservation 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):保护；保存；节约：防止损失；对自然环境的保护 Conservation of water is of great importance in desert areas.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-动词：conserve;保护；保存；节约；例句：Ve must conserve our forests and woodlands for future generations.(来 源：柯林斯词典)-形容词：conservative;保守的；守旧的；例句：He has conservative views on social issues.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：preservation(n.):保护；保存；维护；例句：The preservation of historical buildings is important..(来源：牛津高阶 词典)-近义词：protection(n.):保护；防护；例句：The animals need better protection from hunters.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wildlife conservation:野生动物保护；适用于描述对野生动物进行保护的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句： Nildlife conservation is a global concern.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：energy conservation:能源节约；适用于描述节 约能源的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Energy conservation can help reduce costs.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：forest conservation:森林保护；适用于描述对森林进行保护的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Forest conservation is crucial for the environment.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：water conservation:水资源保护；适用于描述对水资源进行保 护的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Water conservation measures should be taken in dry regions.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式：原题： (conserve)of natural resources is our responsibility.(Conservation) (来源教材) escape [词义与词性 ■()逃跑；逃走；逃脱 The prisoner escaped from the prison last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典)词义2(v):避开；逃避；避免；例句：He tried to escape punishment..(来源：柯林斯词典)词义3(v):被忘掉；被忽视：例句：Her name escapes me at the moment. (来源：牛津高阶词典)词义4(n.):逃跑；逃脱；逃避；例句：The prisoner's escape caused a lot of trouble.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：escape;:形容词：escapable;不可数名词：escapism;例句：The escapable route was blocked.(来源：韦氏 大词典)；Many people use reading as a form of escapism.(来源：柯林斯词典)；动词过去式/过去分词：escaped (规则变化，直接加-d);例句：He escaped from the fire last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：escaping (去e加-ing)例句：The cat is escaping from the dog.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：flee(v.):逃跑；逃离；例句：The villagers fled from the village when the enemy came.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)-近义词：evade(v.):逃避；回避；例句：He always tries to evade his responsibilities..(来源：柯 林斯词典)-近义词：elude(v.):逃避；躲避；例句：The suspect eluded the police for several days.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：escape from:从…逃脱；适用于描述逃跑场景，语法上from后接逃跑的地点或对象；例句：The bird escaped from the cage..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：escape doing sth.:逃避做某事；适用于描述逃避责任或工 作的场景，语法上后接动名词形式；例句：He tried to escape paying the bil.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：make an escape:逃跑；适用于描述逃跑行为的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：The thief made an escape through the back door.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：escape one's notice:被某人忽视；适用于描述事物未被注意到的场景，语法 上one's后接人的所有格；例句：His mistake escaped the teacher''s notice..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The criminal (escape)from the police last night.(答案：escaped) 考法2：考察固定搭配escape from:原题：The boy managed to the burning building..（答案：escape from) (来源：教材) recreation 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):娱乐；消遣 His favorite recreations are golf and tennis.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-动词：recreate;例句：They tried to recreate the battle scene for the movie.(来源：柯林斯词典)-形容词：recreational; 例句：Recreational activities are important for our well-being.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：entertainment(n.):娱乐；例句：The city offers a lot of entertainment options..(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：amusement(n.):娱乐；例句：The amusement park is very popular among kids.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：recreational activities:娱乐活动；适用于描述休闲活动的场景，语法上该短语作主语或宾语；例句： Ne should take part in more recreational activities.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：for recreation:为了消遣；适 用于说明做某事的目的是娱乐的场景，语法上一般放在句末；例句：He reads books for recreation.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的用法；原题：Many people choose outdoor_ (recreation)to relax..(答案：recreations) (来源：教材) concept 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):概念；观念；思想 A small baby has no concept of right and wrong.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：conceptual;例句：The report presents a number of conceptual difficulties.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：notion:名词，概念；例句：I have no notion of what you're talking about..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： idea:名词，想法；例句：The idea oftraveling alone didn't appeal to her..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：concept of:…的概念；适用于描述对某个事物概念的场景，语法上of后接具体概念所指事物；例句： The concept of time is very important in this theory.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：new concept:新概念；适用于 介绍新事物的场景，语法上用形容词new修饰名词concept;:例句：This new concept has attracted a lot of attention. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：basic concept:基本概念；适用于学习知识，讲解基础内容的场景，语法上用形容词 basic修饰名词concept;例句：You should master the basic concepts first.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：Ne need to understand these basic (concept)clearly.(答案：concepts) (来源：教材) highlight 词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):使显著；使突出；强调 The report highlights the importance of education.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):用荧光笔标记 Please highlight the key points in the text.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分 The highlight of the party was the fireworks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：highlight;动词过去式和过去分词：highlighted;现在分词：highlighting;例句：The article highlighted the problems we face.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：emphasize(v.):强调；着重；例句：The report emphasizes the importance of protecting the environment (来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：spotlight(v.):使受关注；使突出；例句：The report spotlighted the city's pollution problems..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：highlight sth.:强调某事；突出某事；适用于强调重点内容的场景，语法上后接强调的内容；例句：The report highlights the need for better education.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：the highlight of.:…的亮点；适用于描述 事件、活动等的精彩部分，语法上f后接相关事件；例句：The highlight of the concert was the singer''s performance. (来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The report (hig hlight)the importance of health last year.(答案：highlighted) 考法2：考察固定搭配highlight sth.;原题：The teacher asked us to _the main ideas in the passage.(答案：highlight) (来源：教材) mosquito [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):蚊子 A mosquito bit me last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：mosquitoes;例句：There are many mosquitoes in the swamp.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：gnat:名词，蚋，小昆虫；例句：A gnat flew into my eye.(来源：韦氏词典)；近义词：midge:名词，蠓； 例句：Midges can be a nuisance near the lake.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：mosquito bite:蚊子叮咬；适用于描述被蚊子咬的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：I got a mosquito bite on my am.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：mosquito net:.蚊帐；适用于防蚊的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Ne used a mosquito net to keep the mosquitoes away.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：mosquito repellent:驱蚊剂；适用于防止 蚊子叮咬的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Apply some mosquito repellent before going outside.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are a lot of (mo squito)in the wetland.(答案：mosquitoes) (来源：教材) scholarship 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n):奖学金；助学金 She won a scholarship to study at Stanford.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):学问；学术；学识 His scholarship is well-known in the academic circle.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：scholar:学者；例句：The scholar has made great contributions to the field.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词： scholarly:学术的；有学问的；例句：He has a scholarly appearance.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：fellowship(n.):奖学金；例句：He was awarded a fellowship to conduct research abroad.(来源：柯林斯词典) -近义词：grant(n.):补助金；助学金；例句：The government gave a grant to the poor students.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：win a scholarship:获得奖学金；适用于描述学生获得经济资助用于学习的场景，语法上win后直接接 scholarship;例句：He worked hard to win a scholarship.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：apply for a scholarship:申