七年级上册Unit 6-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

七年级上册Unit6词汇精讲 Unit 6 brush 词义与词性 ■()(.)：刷；刷净；（用刷子）抹，涂 Brush your teeth every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):刷子；毛刷；画笔 I need a new paint-brush..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：brusher;指使用刷子的人；例句：The brusher cleaned the floor quickly.(来源：自定义例句，无权威书刊 来源暂代)动词过去式和过去分词：brushed;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：She brushed her hair before going out.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：brushing;直接加-ing:例句：He is brushing his shoes.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：scrub:动词，用力擦洗；例句：She scrubbed the floor hard.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：clean:动 词，清洁；例句：You should clean your room regularly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brush one's teeth:刷牙；适用于日常生活洗漱场景，语法上one's后接表示人的限定词；例句：You should brush your teeth after meals.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：brush off:.刷掉；不理会；适用于清除灰尘或拒绝他 人的场景，语法上o仟后可接被刷掉的事物；例句：He brushed off the dirt on his coat.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语 3:brush up on:复习；重温；适用于学习场景，语法上on后接复习的内容；例句：I need to brush up on my French before the trip.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其第三人称单数形式：原题：He (bush)his teeth twice a day..(答案：brushes)考法2：考察 动词过去式；原题：I_(bush)my cat's fur yesterday.(答案：brushed) (来源：教材) shower [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):淋浴；淋浴器；淋浴间 I take a shower every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):一阵：一大批 a shower of bullets(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):给某人大量的礼物（或赞美等） They showered the bride with presents.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):下阵雨；洒落 It started to shower..(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：shower;形容词：showerless;动词：shower;现在分词：showering;过去式和过去分词：showered;例句： It's showering outside.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：bathe:动词，给…洗澡；例句：She bathed her baby in the tub.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：sprinkle: 动词，撒；洒；例句：Sprinkle the icing sugar over the cake.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：take a shower:洗淋浴；适用于描述日常个人卫生清洁的场景，语法上take后接a shower;例句：I usually take a shower before going to bed.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：shower sb.with sth.:大量给予某人某物；适 用于表达给予某人很多礼物、赞美等场景，语法上ith后接给予的物品；例句：The fans showered the singer with flowers.(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：shower down:大量落下；适用于描述物体像雨点一样落下的场景，语法上 无特殊要求；例句：Ashes showered down on the town..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语4：in the shower:在淋浴时； 适用于描述正在洗澡的状态，语法上用于be动词后；例句：He sings in the shower..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：Ne often have short_ (shower)in summer.(答案showers)考法2：作动 词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：t_一(showe)when I left home.(答案was showering) (来源：教材) usually 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):通常，平常 I usually get up at six o'clck..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：usual;例句：t's a usual practice for him to go for a walk after dinner.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：normally:副词，通常；例句：Normally,,I go to work by bike.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：generally: 副词，一般地；例句：Generally,,he is very kind to others.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as usual::像往常一样；适用于描述日常行为未改变的场景，语法上通常置于句首或句末；例句：As usual, he arrived late..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：more than usual::比平常更…；适用于比较当前情况和平时情况 的场景，语法上置于形容词或副词比较级前；例句：He is more tired than usual today.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其在一般现在时中的运用：原题：He (usua lly)goes to school on foot.(答案：usually) (来源：教材) tooth 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):牙齿 Brush your teeth twice a day..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数：teeth;例句：A dog has sharp teeth.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：dentition(n.):牙齿；齿系；例句：The dentist examined the patient''s dentition.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brush one's teeth:刷牙；适用于日常洗漱场景，语法上one's为形容词性物主代词；例句：You should brush your teeth every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：tooth and nails:猛烈地；竭尽全力地；适用于描述激烈对 抗或努力争取的场景，语法上作状语；例句：They fought tooth and nail to protect their rights.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：have a sweet tooth:爱吃甜食；适用于描述个人饮食喜好场景；例句：She has a sweet tooth and always eats candies.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：show one's teeth:发怒；张牙舞爪；适用于描述人发怒或动物示威的 场景；例句：The dog showed its teeth when it saw the stranger.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：How many (tooth)does a human adult have?(答案：teeth) (来源：教材) duty 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):责任；义务 It's your duty to protect the environment.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):职责；任务 The soldier's duty is to defend the country.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):税；关税 You'll have to pay duty on this camera.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：dutiful(尽职的；顺从的)；例句：He is a dutiful son.(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：dutifully(尽职地；顺从 地)；例句：She dutifully did her homework.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：obligation:名词，责任；义务；例句：We have an obligation to help the poor.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：responsibility:名词，责任；职责；例句：The manager has a lot of responsibilities.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on duty:值班；执勤；适用于描述工作时间的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：The doctor is on duty tonight.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：off duty:下班；不值班；适用于描述工作结束后的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：He's off duty now,(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：do one''s duty:尽某人的职责；适用于描述履行责任的场景，语法上one's 后接形容词性物主代词；例句：You should do your duty as a student.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：duty free:免税 的；适用于描述商品免税的场景，语法上可作定语；例句：You can buy duty-free goods at the airport..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：Ne should al∥know our (duty).(答案：duties)考法2：考察固定搭配on duty: 原题：Whos today?(答案：on duty) (来源：教材) reporter [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):记者；通讯员 A reporter interviewed the famous actor.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-动词：report;例句：The journalist reported the event accurately.(来源：柯林斯词典)-现在分词：reporting;例句： He is reporting on the sports meeting.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-过去式和过去分词：reported;例句：The newspaper reported the accident yesterday.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：correspondent:名词，记者；例句：The foreign correspondent sent back many reports.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)-近义词：journalist::名词，新闻工作者；例句：Many journalists attended the press conference.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：news reporter::新闻记者；适用于描述职业身份场景，语法上直接使用；例句：My dream is to be a news reporter.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：sports reporter::体育记者；适用于体育相关报道场景，语法上直接使用；例 句：The sports reporter interviewed the athletes.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：reporter on:关于…的记者；适用于 说明记者负责的领域，语法上on后接报道领域；例句：She is a reporter on environmental issues.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many (reporter)at the scene.(答案：reporters) (来源：教材) homework 词义与词性 ■(n)（n.):家庭作业；课外作业 1 have a lot of homework to do tonight.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：homeworks;在英语里一般较少用复数形式，若某些语境中要表示不同种类作业时可用；例句：The teacher checked all the students'homeworks.(来源：英语学习参考资料) 同近义词 ■-同义词：assignment::名词，作y业；例句：The professor gave us a difficult assignment..（来源：柯林斯词典)：-近 义词：task:名词，任务；例句：Finishing this project is a tough task.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：do one's homework:做某人的家庭作业；适用于描述学生完成作业的场景，语法上one's后接形容词性物 主代词；例句：She always does her homework carefully..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：hand in one's homework: 上交某人的家庭作业；适用于学校学习场景，语法上in后接作业所属者；例句：You must hand in your homework tomorrow.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短语3：check one's homework:检查某人的家庭作业；适用于老师工作场 景，语法上check后接作业所属者；例句：The teacher checked our homework this morning.(来源：英语常用例句手册) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：We have many. (homework)to finish this weekend.(答案：homeworks,但此处 般用单数形式，特殊语境才用复数)：考法2：考察固定搭配do one's homework:原题：You should (do one's homework)on time.(答案：do your homework) (来源：教材) around [词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):大约 t's around ten o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):周围；四处 We walked around for a while.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.:在…周围；环绕 There is a fence around the garden.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■无明显常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■近义词：about:介词副词，大约；例句：t's about six o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：round:介词副词， 围绕；例句：The earth moves round the sun.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：around the world:世界各地；适用于描述范围的场景，语法上around后接地点名词；例句：He wants to travel around the world.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：all around:四处；到处；适用于描述范围的场景，语法上 可单独使用；例句：We could see beautiful flowers all around.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：around the clock:日 夜不停地；适用于描述持续时间的场景，语法上可作状语；例句：The hospital staff worked around the clock to save the patient..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作介词，考察其基本用法；原题：There are many trees_ the house.(答案：around) (来源：教材) saying 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):谚语；格言；警句 As the saying goes,.Practice makes perfect.'(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：say:过去式：said;过去分词：said:现在分词：saying;例句：He said he would come.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：proverb:名词，谚语；例句：A proverb is a short,well-known saying that expresses a common truth or belief.(来源：韦氏词典)-近义词：adage:名词，格言；例句：The old adage 'Honesty is the best policy'still holds true.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as the saying goes:俗话说；适用于引用谚语表达观点的场景，语法上直接用于句首；例句：As the saying goes,Where there is a wil,there is a way.'(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式；原题：There are many famous】. (saying))in this book.(答案：sayings》 (来源：教材) rise [词义与词性 ■()(v.):上升；升起；升高 The sun rises in the east.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):提高；提升；增加 The price of oil has risen sharply.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):起床；起身；站起 /usually rise at6:30.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：rise;动词过去式：rose;动词过去分词：risen;现在分词：rising;例句：The rise in prices is a concern.(来 源：柯林斯词典)；The sun has risen.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；Prices are rising.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：ascend:动词，上升；升高；例句：The plane began to ascend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：climb: 动词，攀登；上升；例句：The temperature is climbing.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：rise up:起义；反抗；适用于描述人们反抗不公平等场景，语法上后可接反抗对象；例句：The people rose up against the dictator..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：give rise to:引起；导致；适用于描述某事物引发另一事 物的场景，语法上to后接引发的结果：例句：His words gave rise to a lot of questions..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语 3:rise above:超越；克服；适用于描述克服困难等场景，语法上above后接困难等内容；例句：You should rise above your difficulties.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：rise to one's feet:站起来；适用于描述人起身的场景；例 句：He rose to his feet when he saw her..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The water level(ise)last night.(答案：rose)考法2：考察固定搭配r心e up;原题：People_(ise)up against the unfair rule.(答案：ose) (来源：教材) stay [词义与词性 ■()(v.):停留；留下；待 Stay here and wait for me..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):保持；继续是 The temperature stayed below zero all day.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):停留：逗留 Ve had a short stay in Paris.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：stay;形容词：staying(暂不常用)：动词过去式I过去分词：stayed(规则变化，直接加-ed):例句：She stayed at home yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：staying;例句：He is staying with his friends this week.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：remain:动词，保持；留下；例句：He remained silent during the meeting.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：linger:动词，逗留；徘徊；例句：She lingered in the park after dark.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：stay at:住在；停留在；适用于描述居住或停留的地点场景，语法上at后接地点；例句：I'm going to stay at my aunt''s.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：stay up:熬夜；适用于描述熬夜的场景，语法上为动词短语；例句：Don't stay up too late.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：stay away:离开；不接近；适用于提醒远离的场景，语法上为动词 短语；例句：You should stay away from danger.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：stay with:和…待在一起；适用于 描述陪伴的场景，语法上with后接陪伴的对象；例句：I''ll stay with you until your mother comes.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：1 (stay)at my grandparents'house last weekend.(答案：stayed)考法2： 考察固定搭配stay at:原题：Ne will a hotel in Bejing.(答案：stay at) (来源：教材) housework 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):家务劳动：家务事 I help my mother with the housework on weekends.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：housework没有直接对应的动词形式，可由短语do housework表示做家务的动作；例句：She often does housework in the morning.(来源：朗文当代词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：chore:名词，日常琐事、家务杂事；例句：Taking out the trash is a chore I do every day.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近 义词：housekeeping:名词，家务管理、家政；例句：Good housekeeping keeps the house clean.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：do housework:做家务；适用于描述进行家务劳动的场景，语法上do后直接接housework:例句：My father always does housework on Sundays.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：help with housework:帮忙做家务；适用于 描述协助家人进行家务劳动的场景，语法上with后接housework;例句：The children should help their parents with housework.(来源：朗文当代词典)：短语3：share the housework:分担家务；适用于描述家庭成员共同承担家务的 场景，语法上share后接the housework;例句：e should share the housework to make our home more harmonious. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：housework chores:家务杂事；适用于强调各种具体的家务劳动，语法上是名词短语； 例句：There are many housework chores to do today.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数，housework是不可数名词；原题：Ne should do more (housework)to help our parents. 案：housework) (来源：教材) restaurant 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):餐馆；饭店 We had dinner in an Italian restaurant.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：restaurateur(餐馆老板)；例句：The restaurateur is very good at managing the restaurant.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：caf:名词，咖啡馆；小餐厅；例句：e stopped at a cafe for a cup of coffee.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：diner:名词，小餐馆；例句：e had breakfast at a diner on the way.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：eatery: 名词，餐馆；例句：There are some good eateries in this area.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：fast-food restaurant:快餐店；适用于描述提供快餐的餐饮场所场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I often go to the fast-food restaurant..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：seafood restaurant:.海鲜餐馆；适用于描述以海鲜为 主的餐饮场所场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Let's go to a seafood restaurant tonight.（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3： Chinese restaurant:中餐馆；适用于描述提供中餐的餐饮场所场景，语法上直接使用；例句：We had a great meal in a Chinese restaurant..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：fine-dining restaurant:高级餐厅；适用于描述高档餐饮场 所场景，语法上直接使用；例句：They went to a fine-dining restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many」 (re staura nt)in this street..(答案：restaurants) (来源：教材) routine 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):常规；惯例；例行公事 t's just a part of my da沙y routine.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj,)(adj):常规的；例行的；日常的 Routine inspections are carried out regularly,.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：routined;有固定程序的；例句：He led a routined life.(来源：韦氏词典)副词：routinely;例行公事地；例 句：The machines are routinely maintained..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：custom:名词，风俗，习惯；例句：It is the custom in that country to give presents at Christmas.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)-近义词：habit:名词，习惯；例句：He has a habit of biting his nails.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：daily routine:日常事务；适用于描述每天固定活动的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Brushing teeth is an important part of our daily routine.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：follow a routine:遵循常规；适用于描述按照既定 程序做事的场景，语法上routine前可加形容词修饰；例句：You should follow a healthy routine.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：break the routine:打破常规；适用于描述改变既定模式的场景，语法上作动词短语；例句：Let's break the routine and do something different..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：We should break the old. ,(routine).(答案：routines)考法2：考察形容词 词义；原题：Ne have a (routine)medical check-up every year..(答案：routine) (来源：教材) weekend 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):周末；星期六和星期日；星期六、星期日和星期一（有时包括星期五晚上） I spent the weekend at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：weekends;用于表示多个周末；例句：I often go fishing on weekends.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：weekends(n.),周末；例句：Many people like to travel on weekends..(来源：剑桥词典)；-近义词：end -of-week(n.),周末；例句：Ne usually have a party at the end-of-week.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on the weekend:在周末；适用于描述在周末发生的事情，语法上on后接具体的周末时间；例句：I go to the park on the weekend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：at the weekend:在周末；多用于英式英语，适用于描 述周末的活动，语法上at后接周末；例句：We often visit our grandparents at the weekend.(来源：朗文当代英语 词典)；短语3：on weekends:每逢周末；适用于描述经常性的周末活动；例句：On weekends,she always goes shopping.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：spend the weekend:度过周末；适用于表达如何度过周末的场景；例句： They spent the weekend in the mountains.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法