七年级上册Unit 5-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

七年级上册Unit5词汇精讲 Unit 5 choose 词义与词性 ■()(V.):选择；挑选 You can choose any book you like.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):决定；情愿 She chose to study abroad.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：choice;动词过去式：chose;动词过去分词：chosen;现在分词：choosing:例句：You have several choices (来源：牛津高阶词典)；They chose a different way.(来源：柯林斯词典)：He has chosen his career.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)；She is choosing a dress.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：select:动词，挑选；例句：Please select a card from the box..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：pick:动 词，挑选；例句：Pick the best one..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：choose from:从…中选择；适用于有多个选项供挑选的场景，语法上from后接可供选择的范围：例句： You can choose from a variety of fruits.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：choose to do sth.:决定做某事；适用于表 达个人意愿的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：He chose to help the old man.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3： choose between:在…之间选择；适用于有两个选项的场景，语法上between后接两个选择的对象；例句：You have to choose between the two books.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察动词的过去式形式；原题：He_(choose),a toy for his little brother yesterday.(答案：chose)考法2：考察 固定搭配choose to do sth;原题：She__(choose)to stay at home last weekend.(答案：chose) (来源：教材) join 词义与词性 ■()(v.):加入（组织、团体等） He joined the amy last year..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):和一起 Vill you join us for dinnel?(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):连接 The new road joins the two villages.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：joiner;例句：He is a good joiner..(来源：韦氏词典)-动词过去式I过去分词：joined(规则变化，直接加 -ed):例句：She joined the club in2020.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词：joining(直接加-ing;例句：He is joining a party now.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：participate(v.):参加；例句：Everyone can participate in this activity.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： attend(v.):参加；例句：I will attend the meeting tomorrow.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：enter(v.):加入；例 句：He entered the competition last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：join sb.in(doing)sth.:和某人一起做某事；适用于描述参与他人活动的场景，语法上in后可接名词或动名 词；例句：Join me in a toast!(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：join in:参加（活动等）：适用于描述加入某项活动的 场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：Come and join in the game..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：join up:联合起来；适 用于描述组织、团体等联合的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：The two companies joined up last year.(来源：韦氏 词典)短语4：join hands(with sb.):(与某人)携手合作；适用于描述合作的场景，语法上with后接合作对象；例 句：We should join hands to solve this problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She (oin)the art club last month.(答案：joined)考法2：考察固定搭配 join sb..in(doing),sth.:原题：I want to」 _you ,(play)basketball..(答案：join;in playing) (来源：教材) club 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):俱乐部；社团；会 1'm in the chess club.(来源：外研社《英语》教材) ■(n)(n.):球棒；球杆 He bought a new golf club.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：club;意为用棍棒打；例句：The man clubbed the snake to death.(来源：牛津高阶词典)现在分词：clubbing; 例句：They are clubbing in the city tonight..(来源：柯林斯词典)；过去式和过去分词：clubbed;例句：He clubbed his opponents in the debate.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：association(n.):协会；社团；例句：The local association organizes many activities.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)；-近义词：society(n.):社团；社会；例句：The students formed a science society.(来源：柯林斯词典)；-近 义词：group(n.):组；群；团体；例句：A group of students went on a trip.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：join a club:加入一个俱乐部；适用于描述加入社团组织的场景，语法上join后直接接俱乐部名称；例句：I want to join a music club.(来源：外研社《英语》教材)；短语2：football club:足球俱乐部；适用于体育相关场景 语法上是名词修饰名词；例句：My favorite football club won the game.(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：club together: 凑钱；联合起来；适用于共同出资或合作的场景，语法上是动词短语；例句：Ne clubbed together to buy a present.. (来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：night club:夜总会；适用于娱乐场所的场景，语法上是名词修饰名词；例句：They went to a night club last night..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many」 (club)in our school.(答案：clubs):考法2：考察固定搭配join a club:原题：She decided to_ art _·(答案：join an:club) (来源：教材) news 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):新闻；消息 I have some good news for you..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■无常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■-同义词：information:名词，信息例句：Can you give me some information about the event?(来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：tidings:名词，消息例句：He brought tidings of a great victory..(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：break the news to sb.:向某人透露消息；适用于告知他人重要消息的场景，语法上to后接被告知的人；例 句：You'd better break the news to him gently.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：good news:好消息；适用于描述令人 高兴的消息场景，语法上作主语或宾语；例句：The good news made everyone happy..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： bad news:坏消息；适用于描述令人沮丧的消息场景，语法上作主语或宾语；例句：The bad news spread quickly.. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：latest news:最新消息；适用于获取或传达最新资讯的场景，语法上作主语或宾语； 例句：Ne are waiting for the latest news.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数，news为不可数名词，无复数形式；原题：1 heard some (news)about the famous singer. 案：news) (来源：教材) drama [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):戏；剧；戏剧文学：戏剧艺术 Shakespeare's plays are still widely performed in the drama world.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):戏剧性事件；戏剧性情节 The family's sudden wealth led to a lot of drama.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：dramatic;例句：The city has undergone dramatic changes in the past decade.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副 词：dramatically;:例句：His health has improved dramatically since he started exercising.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：play:名词，戏剧；例句：Ne went to see a play at the theater last night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： opera:名词，歌剧；例句：She loves going to the opera.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：drama series::连续剧；适用于描述电视节目类型的场景，语法上series本身单复数同形；例句：This drama series has attracted a large audience..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：historical drama:历史刷剧；适用于描述戏剧题 材的场景，语法上historical为形容词修饰drama;例句：I like watching historical dramas.(来源：柯林斯词典)短 语3：drama club:戏剧俱乐部；适用于描述社团组织的场景，语法上club为名词；例句：He joined the drama club at school.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：Many famous」 (drama)were written during that period.(答案：dramas) (来源：教材) feeling [词义与词性 ■(n)():感觉；感触；想法；看法：信念；态度；意见；情绪；情感；感情；知觉：触觉；（场所、情况等给人的） 印象，感受 I've got a feeling that we're being followed..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):有某种情感的；有某种感觉的 She was feeling a little tired.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■动词：feel;形容词：feelable;例句：You can feel the tension in the room.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：emotion:名词，情感；例句：Love,hate,and grief are emotions.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：sensation: 名词，感觉；例句：He had a strange sensation in his stomach.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：have a feeling that.:有…的感觉；适用于表达个人的直觉或预感的场景，语法上that后接从句；例句：I have a feeling that it''s going to rain..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：hurt sb.'s feelings:伤害某人的感情；适用于描 述伤害他人情感的场景，语法上sb.用宾格形式；例句：You shouldn't have said that..You hurt her feelings.(来源： 朗文当代高级英语词典)；短语3：a feeling of...:…的感觉；适用于描述某种具体的感觉，语法上of后接具体感觉 的事物；例句：He had a feeling of excitement.（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：mixed feelings:复杂的感情；适用于 描述对某事或某人有多种不同感受的场景；例句：I have mixed feelings about leaving this place.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式：原题：He has many different. (eeling)about this movie.(答案feelings)》 (来源：教材) musical 词义与词性 ■(adj)（adj.):音乐的；配乐的；与音乐有关的 She has very good musicaltalent.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):有音乐天赋的；喜爱音乐的 The whole famil冰沙is very musical..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):音乐剧；音乐片 Ve went to see a musical last night.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：music;:例句：I like all kinds of music.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：musically;例句：He is musically talented (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：melodic:形容词，有旋律的；例句：The song has a very melodic tune.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： harmonious::形容词，和谐的；例句：The harmonious sounds made a beautiful music.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：musical instrument::乐器；适用于描述音乐器材的场景，语法上instrument用单数或复数形式；例句：He can play many musical instruments.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：musical performance:音乐表演；适用于描述演 出活动的场景，语法上performance可用单数或复数；例句：The musical performance was really wonderful.(来源： 柯林斯词典)短语3：musical talent:音乐天赋；适用于描述人的能力的场景，语法上talent为不可数名词；例句： She shows great musical talent..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：She has a (musical)instrument..(答案：musical)考法2： 考察名词形式；原题：My favorite_一(musical)is Les Miserables.(答案：musical) (来源：教材) drum 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):鼓 He can play the drum very well..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) ■()(v.):击鼓；连续敲击 The rain drummed on the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词复数：drums;例句：There are two drums in the music room.(来源：英语常用语词典)动词现在分词：drumming; 例句：He is drumming on the table.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：drummed;例句：They drummed a rhythm.(来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：tambour::名词，鼓；例句：The tambour added a special flavor to the music..（来源：韦氏大词典)-近义 词：beat:动词，敲击；例句：He beat the drum loudly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：play the drums:打鼓；适用于描述演奏乐器的场景，语法上play后接乐器名词要用定冠词the;例句：She likes to play the drums in her free time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：drum sth.into sb.:反复向某人灌输；适用 于教育或提醒场景，语法上drum后接要灌输的内容，into后接对象；例句：The teacher drummed the importance of study into our heads.(来源：剑桥词典)短语3：drum up:招徕；鼓动；适用于吸引顾客、支持等场景，语法上后 接宾语；例句：They are trying to drum up business.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数：原题：There are three」 (dum)in the band.(答案：dwms)考法2：考察动词现在分词形式： 原题：Look!He (drum)on the floor:(答案：is drumming) (来源：教材) exactly 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):精确地；准确地；确切地 Tell me exactly where she lives.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):(强调同意或观点一致)正是，一点不错 “It was terrible.”“Exactly.”(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):究竞，到底 Exactly what do you mean?(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：exact;精确的，准确的；例句：What is the exact distance?(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词：exact;强求；勒 索；例句：He exacted obedience from the children.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：precisely:副词，精确地；例句：The plane will land at precisely3p.m.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： accurately:副词，准确地；例句：The report accurately describes the situation.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：not exactly:并非完全；不完全是；适用于不完全同意对方观点的场景，语法上用于句首或句中；例句：'m not exactly happy about this.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：exactly right:完全正确；适用于表示赞同对方观点的 场景，语法上可作表语；例句：You're exactly right.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：exactly when/where/how等：用 于强调时间、地点、方式等；适用于强调具体情况的场景，语法上后接从句；例句：I remember exactly when I first met her..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其在语境中表达赞同的用法：原题：一f's a great idea.- ！We can start right now.(答案：Exactly) (来源：教材) climb 词义与词性 ■()(.)：攀登；爬 The boys climbed the tree.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):上升；攀升 The temperature climbed to30 degrees Celsius.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■名词：climb;例句：The climb to the top of the mountain was challenging.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：climbable; 例句：This cliff is climbable for experienced climbers..(来源：韦氏词典)动词现在分词：climbing;例句：He is climbing the stairs..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：climbed;例句：They climbed the hill yesterday..(来源：牛 津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：ascend(v.):上升；攀登；例句：The plane began to ascend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：scale(v.): 攀登；例句：They scaled the wall.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：climb up:爬上；适用于描述向上攀爬的场景，语法上up后接攀爬的对象；例句：The child climbed up the ladder..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：climb down:爬下；适用于描述从高处下来的场景，语法上down后接攀爬的 对象；例句：He climbed down the tree.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：climb overs:翻越；适用于描述越过障碍物的场景， 语法上over后接障碍物；例句：They climbed over the fence.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：climb on:爬上；适用 于描述爬上交通工具或物体表面的场景，语法上on后接物体；例句：The kids climbed on the bus.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Look!He is_一(climb)the tree.(答案：climbing)考法2：考察固定搭配 climb up;原题：The cat can」 the tree quickly..(答案：climb up) (来源：教材) paint 词义与词性 ■()(v.):绘画；描绘 She painted a beautiful landscape.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):在…上刷油漆 They painted the door green.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):油漆；涂料 Vet paint!(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):绘画作品 The museum has many famous paints.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：painter(画家；油漆工)例句：My uncle is a very good painter.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-名词：painting(绘 画；油画；水彩画)例句：This painting is very valuable.(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词过去式I过去分词：painted(规 则变化，直接加-ed)例句：He painted this picture last year..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词：painting(直 接加-ing)例句：She is painting in her studio.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：draw(.):画；绘制例句：He can draw very well..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：color(v.):给 着色例句：Color the picture red..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：paint sth.+颜色：把某物刷成某种颜色；适用于描述刷漆场景，语法上后接颜色词；例句：Paint the wall white.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：paint a picture of:描绘；描述；适用于描述用语言或绘画描绘事物的 场景，语法上of后接被描绘的事物；例句：The writer painted a vivid picture of the city..(来源：柯林斯词典)短 语3：oil paint:油画颜料；适用于美术绘画场景；例句：He likes to use oil paint..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4： water-color paint:水彩颜料；适用于美术绘画场景；例句：She is good at using water-color paint..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He_(paint))a picture yesterday.(答案painted)考法2：考察名词词义；原 题：There are many beautiful_ (pait)in the art gallery.(答案：painting s) (来源：教材) ability 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):能力；才能；本领 The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):智慧；天资 He shows great abilty as a musician..(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：able;例句：You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 形容词：unable;例句：'m unable to attend the meeting.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：capability(n.):能力；才能；例句：The company has the capability to produce100 cars a day.（来源：牛津 高阶词典)近义词：capacity(n.):能力；才能：例句：She has an enormous capacity for hard work.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ability to do sth.：做某事的能力；适用于描述某人具备做某事的能力的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例 句：The child has the ability to read at an early age.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：beyond one's ability:超出某人 的能力；适用于描述某事超出某人能力范围的场景；例句：The problem is beyond my ability.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：to the best of one'ability:尽某人最大的能力；适用于描述某人尽力做某事的场景；例句：ll do the job to the best of my ability.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：Ne should develop our_ (a bility)to solve problems independently.(答案：abilities) 考法2：考察固定搭配“the ability to do sth.”;原题：He has the_(ability)to finish the task on time..(答案：ability) (来源：教材) interested 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):感兴趣的；关心的；表现出兴趣的 'm interested in science fiction..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(ad):有利害关系的；当事人的 The interested parties met to discuss the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：interest;:例句：The book interests me a lot.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；形容词：interesting;例句：The movie is very interesting.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；名词：interest:例句：He has many interests,such as reading and painting.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：fascinated:形容词，入迷的；近义词：curious:形容词，好奇的；例句：The curious child asked a lot of questions.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：attentive:形容词，注意的，感兴趣的；例句：An attentive audience is the best reward for a speaker.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be interested in:对…感兴趣；适用于表达个人兴趣爱好的场景，语法上in后接感兴趣的事物：例句：She is interested in history.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：get interested in:开始对…感兴趣；适用于描述兴趣产生 过程的场景，语法上in后接感兴趣的事物；例句：He got interested in music when he was a child.(来源：朗文当代 英语词典)；短语3：interested party:利益相关方；适用于商业、法律等涉及利益关系的场景，语法上作名词短语； 例句：All interested parties should be consulted.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配be interested in:原题：f"mvey _(interest)in playing football.(答案：interested):考法2：考察 形容词interesting和interested的区别；原题：The story is so__(interest)that all of us are__((interest)int.(答案： interesting:interested) (来源：教材) more 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):更；更大程度地 You should work more carefully.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):更多的；更大程度的 I need more time to finish this task..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):更多的数量；更多的人或物 1'dlike some more of that cake.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词原级：many(修饰可数名词)/much(修饰不可数名词)：比较级：more;最高级：most:例句：This is the most beautiful flower've ever seen.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：additional:形容词，额外的；例句：Ne need additional help to finish this work.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近 义词：further:副词、形容词，进一步地；更多的；例句：I have nothing further to say.（来源：牛津高阶词典)