七年级上册Unit 4-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

七年级上册Unit4词汇精讲 Unit 4 useful [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):有用的；有益的；实用的 This book is very useful for students.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：usefulness;:例句：The usefulness of this tool is obvious.(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：usefully;例句：He spent his time usefully,.learning new skills..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：helpful:形容词，有帮助的；例句：The staff in the shop were very helpful..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：practical:形容词，实用的；例句：Practical experience is often very important.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be useful for:对…有用；适用于描述事物对人或其他事物的作用场景，语法上for后接对象；例句：This dictionary is useful for English learners.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be useful to:对…有用；适用于描述事物 对人或其他事物的作用场景，语法上to后接对象；例句：Your advice is useful to me.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：This is a_(use)book.(答案：useful) (来源：教材) boring 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):令人厌烦的；无聊的；乏味的 The movie was so boring that I fell asleep..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：bore;例句：His long stories always bore me.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：boredom;例句：He suffered from boredom on the long journey..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：bored;例句：'m bored with this game.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：tedious:形容词，单调乏味的；例句：The work is tedious.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：monotonous: 形容词，单调的；例句：He has a monotonous voice.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：boring to sb.:对某人来说很无聊；适用于描述事物给人的感受，语法上to后接人；例句：This book is boring tome.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：find sth.boring:发现某事很无聊；适用于表达个人对事物的看法，语法上 find后接宾语和形容词作宾语补足语；例句：I find math class boring..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察boring和bored的区别：原题：The movie made me feel .(答案：boring:boed) (来源：教材) exciting 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):令人兴奋的；使人激动的 The exciting news made everyone in the room cheer..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-动词：excite(使兴奋；使激动)例句：The football game really excited the crowd.(来源：柯林斯词典)-名词： excitement(兴奋；激动)例句：The children jumped up and down in excitement.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-副词： excitedly(兴奋地；激动地)例句：He opened the present excitedly..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：thrilling(adj.):令人兴奋的；扣人心弦的例句：The thrilling race kept the audience on the edge of their seats..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：stimulating(adj.):刺激的；有刺激性的例句：The stimulating discussion made us think deeply.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：an exciting experience:一次令人兴奋的经历；适用于描述经历的场景，语法上作名词短语使用；例句： Climbing the mountain was an exciting experience for me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：an exciting event:一个令人激动的事件；适用于描述事件的场景，语法上作名词短语使用；例句：The concert was an exciting event for music lovers.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：get exciting:变得令人兴奋；适用于描述事物状态变化的场景，语法上“get”后接形容词；例句：The game is getting exciting.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词“exciting'”与“excited”的区别；原题：The movie is so】 that all the children are int.(答 案：exciting:excited) (来源：教材) reason 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):原因；理由；解释 The reason for her absence is a mystery.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):正当理由；道理；情理 There's no reason to be afraid.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):推理；推论；推断 He reasoned that if we started at dawn,we would be there by noon.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：reasonable(合理的；有道理的)；例句：Your request is quite reasonable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词： reasonably(合理地；相当地)；例句：The task was reasonably easy.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过去分词： reasoned(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：She reasoned her way to a solution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分 词：reasoning(直接加-ing):例句：His reasoning is sound.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：cause:名词，原因；起因例句：The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：excuse:名词，借口；理由例句：He made up an excuse for being late.(来源：柯林斯词典)：近义词：motive: 名词，动机；缘由例句：What was his motive for the crime？(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the reason for sth.:…的原因；适用于描述因果关系的场景，语法上for后接原因所对应的事物；例句： The reason for the delay is traffic.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：by reason of::由于；因为；适用于说明事情发生的 原因，后接导致某种结果的因素；例句：He was absent by reason of illness.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：in reason: 合理地；合乎情理地；适用于评价行为或要求是否合理；例句：You can ask for a raise in reason.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)短语4：reason with sb.:和某人讲道理；试图说服某人；适用于劝说他人改变观点或行为的场景；例句：Try to reason with him,he may listen.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察固定搭配the reason for:原题：The _(reason)for his failure is his carelessness.(答案：eason) 考法2：考察名词单复数变化；原题：There are many (reason)for his success.(答案：reasons) (来源：教材) number 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):数字；数量；编号；号码 Can you tel∥me your phone number?.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):给…编号；总计 The books in the library number in the thousands.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：numerical::数字的，用数字表示的；例句：The numerical value of this figure is very important.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)名词：numeral:数字；例句：Roman numerals are still used in some cases.(来源：柯林斯词典)动 词过去式/过去分词：numbered(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：The pages of the book are numbered.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)动词现在分词：numbering;例句：The people numbering in the crowd is hard to count.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：figure:名词，数字；例句：Can you give me the exact figure?(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：amount:名 词，数量；例句：The amount of work is too much.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a number of::许多；适用于描述可数名词复数的数量场景，语法上后接可数名词复数；例句：A number of people came to the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：the number of:…的数量；适用于描述某类事物具 体数量的场景，语法上后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数；例句：The number of cars on the road is increasing. (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：in number:总共；适用于统计数量的场景；例句：They were fifteen in number.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：number off:报数；适用于队列等场景；例句：The soldiers numbered off.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：There are a large number of students in the school..(答案：正确，此处number用 原形，a number of表示许多)考法2：考察固定搭配the number of;原题：_一the students in our class._一50.（答 案：The number of::is,the number of表示…的数量，谓语动词用单数) (来源：教材) past [词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):经过；路过；在…之后 He walked past the shop.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):过去的；以前的 In the past few years,there have been great changes here.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):过去；昔日；往事 Ve should leam from the past..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):经过；过去 A bus drove past..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：pastness;例句：The pastness of those events is still vivid in my memory.(来源：自建)形容词：pastless(很 少用)；例句：（因该词不常用，暂无权威例句）；动词过去式和过去分词：passed(作动词“经过”的过去式和过去 分词)；例句：He passed the exam last year..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：by(prep.):经过；例句：He hurried by me without speaking.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：previous (adj):以前的；例句：I have a previous engagement.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：former（adj):以前的；例 句：The former president will visit our school.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the past:在过去；适用于描述过去发生的事情或过去的时间段，语法上常和一般过去时连用；例句：n the past,people lived a hard life.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：past one's prime:过了鼎盛时期；适用于描述人或 事物不再处于最佳状态的场景；例句：The athlete is past his prime.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：walk past:.走过； 路过；适用于描述人经过某个地点的场景，语法上后面接地点；例句：She walked past the house without looking. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：half past.:…点半；适用于表达时间的场景，语法上.处接整点数字；例句：t's half past siⅸ.（来源：牛津高阶词典） 典型考法 考法1：考察介词用法：原题：（某地模拟题）He went the park on his way home.(答案：past)考法2：考察固定搭 配“in the past”;原题：（某地模拟题） _few years,the city has changed a lot..(答案：In the past)考法3：考 察形容词词义：原题：（某地模拟题）We should leam from our_一mist妇kes.(答案：past) (来源：教材) everyone 词义与词性 ■(pron.)(pron.):每个人；所有人；人人；每人 Everyone likes her.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：everybody:每个人；所有人；人人；每人；例句：Everybody loves a freebie.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：everybody:代词，每个人；所有人；人人；每人；例句：Everybody was clapping and cheering.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)：-近义词：all:代词，全体；全部；一切；例句：All were silent.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：almost everyone:几乎每个人；适用于描述大多数人的场景，语法上almost修饰everyone;:例句：Almost everyone likes music.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短语2：as everyone knows:众所周知；适用于陈述普遍知晓的 事情的场景，语法上可置于句首；例句：As everyone knows,he is very hard-working.(来源：剑桥词典) 典型考法 考法1：作代词，考察主谓一致；原题：Everyone._一(be)here now.(答案is) (来源：教材) as 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):作为；当作 He works as a teacher.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):同样地；一样地 He runs as fast as I do.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(conj.)(conj.):当…时：随着；因为 As/was walking in the street,./met an old friend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■无 同近义词 ■近义词：ike:prep.,像；例句：He looks like his father.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：While:conj,当…时 候；例句：While I was reading,he was watching TV.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as.as:和…一样；适用于比较两者程度相同的场景，语法上中间用形容词或副词原级；例句：This apple is as big as that one..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：as for:至于；适用于引出新话题的场景；例句：As for me,I like reading books.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：as well:.也；适用于补充信息的场景，一般用于句末；例句：He can speak English,and he can speak French as well.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：such as:例如；适用于列举 事物的场景；例句：Ilike fruits,such as apples and bananas.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察as作“作为”的用法；原题：He works_a doctor in the hospital.(答案：as)考法2：考察as.…as结构； 原题：This rope is__long__that one.(答案：as:as) (来源：教材) remember 词义与词性 ■()(v.):记得；想起；记起 1 can't remember his name..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):记住；牢记 Remember to lock the door when you leave.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：remembrance;例句：In remembrance of the great leader,,people built a monument.(来源：韦氏大词典)；形 容词：remembered;例句：The remembered events still made him sad.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；现在分词： remembering;例句：Remembering his words,she felt more confident.(来源：柯林斯词典)；过去式和过去分词： remembered;例句：He remembered his childhood clearly..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：recall::动词，回忆；例句：Ican't recall where I met him.（来源：牛津高阶词典)：近义词：recollect:动词， 记起；例句：She tried to recollect the details of the dream.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：remember to do sth.:记得去做某事；适用于提醒别人做某事的场景，语法上to后接要做的事情；例 句：Remember to call me later..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：remember doing sth:记得做过某事；适用 于描述回忆过去做过的事情的场景，语法上doing为动名词形式；例句：I remember meeting her at the party. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：remember sb..tosb.:代某人向某人问好；适用于传递问候的场景，语法上第一 个sb.是传递问候的人，第二个sb.是被问候的人；例句：Please remember me to your parents.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其用法remember to do sth.;原题：Please_(emember)to turn off the lights when you leave.(答 案：remember);考法2：考察remember doing sth..的用法：原题：1stil _(remember)visiting the Great Wall last year. (答案：emember) (来源：教材) singer 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):歌手；歌唱家 The singer gave a really great performance.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) [词性转换 ■动词：sing;例句：She can sing many beautiful songs.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：singing;例句：The singing birds filled the air with music.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：vocalist:名词，歌手；例句：The young vocalist has a bright future.(来源：韦氏词典)近义词：crooner: 名词，低吟歌手；例句：The crooner's voice was very soothing.(来源：剑桥词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a famous singer:一位著名的歌手；适用于描述歌手知名度的场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：He dreams of becoming a famous singer..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)短语2：a pop singer:一位流行歌手；适用于描述歌 手音乐风格的场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：My favorite pop singer is Taylor Swift..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语 3:a folk singer:一位民谣歌手；适用于描述歌手音乐风格的场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：The folk singer told stories through his songs..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：There are many famous. (singe)in this concert.(答案：singers) (来源教材) instrument 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):仪器；器具；工具 The doctor used a special instrument to examine the patient..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):乐器 She can play severa/musical instruments..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：instrumental;有帮助的，起重要作用的；例句：His advice was instrumental in solving the problem.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：device:名词，装置；近义词：apparatus:名词，仪器；近义词：implement:名词，工具；近义词：tool:名词，工具 固定搭配 ■短语1：musical instrument:乐器；适用于音乐相关场景，语法上一般用在描述音乐器材时；例句：He has a lot of musical instruments at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：precision instrument:精密仪器；适用于科技、科研等 场景，语法上用于描述高精度的仪器；例句：The laboratory is equipped with precision instruments.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：There are many kinds of musical. ,(instrument))in the shop.(答案：instruments) (来源：教材) future 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):将来；未来 I'm worried about my future..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):将来的；未来的 ly future plans include traveling around the world.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：futuristically:例句：The building is designed futuristically.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：prospect:名词，前景；例句：The prospect of a new job excited him.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： outlook::名词，展望；例句：The economic outlook is improving..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the future:在将来；适用于描述未来的时间场景，语法上通常用于一般将来时态；例句：In the future, people may travel to Mars..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in future:今后；适用于提醒对方从现在开始改变行为等 场景；例句：In future,please arrive on time..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：for the future:为了将来；适用于表达 为未来做准备等场景；例句：Ne should save some money for the future.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其固定搭配in the future;原题：_(in the future./in future),you should be more careful..(答案：ln the future)考法2：考察形容词词义：原题：Ne should make some_(future)plans.(答案：future) (来源：教材) problem 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):问题；难题；困难 Ve had no problem finding your house.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):习题；思考题 Math problems can be challenging.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：problematic:有问题的，成问题的：例句：The plan is problematic because of the high cost.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：question:名词，问题；例句：He asked a lot of questions in class.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：difficulty: 名词，困难；例句：He had some difficulties in learning English.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：have a problem with sth.:在某方面有问题；适用于描述在某事上存在困难的场景，语法上with后接 有问题的事物；例句：I have a problem with this math question.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：solve a problem: 解决问题；适用于描述处理难题的场景，语法上solve为及物动词，后接问题；例句：Ne should try our best to solve the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：have a problem(n)doing sth.：做某事有困难；适用于描述做某事 遇到阻碍的场景，语法上in可省略，后接动名词；例句：He has a problem(n)sleeping at night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：Ne have many._ (problem)to solve.(答案：problems)考法2：考察固定搭配 have a problem(im)doing sth.;原题：She doesn't have a problem_ _((finish)the task on time..(答案：finishing) (来源：教材) term 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):学期 Ve have three temms in a school year.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):术语；专门用语 In medical terms,this condition is called diabetes.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):期限；任期 The president's term of office is four years.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：termed;有…之称的，所谓的；例句：The so-called'advanced technology'is not as useful as expected.（来 源：自编合理引用权威用法)；动词：term;把…称为；把…叫做；例句：He termed his experiences in the war'a nightmare'.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：semester:名词，学期；例句：I have a lot of courses this semester.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：word: 名词，词；术语；例句：This is a technical word.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in terms of:就…而言：从…方面来说；适用于描述从某个角度或方面进行阐述的场景，语法上of后接描述的 方面；例句：In terms of quality,this product is the best..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：come to terms with:接受；妥协； 适用于表达接受某种不愉快的事实或情况的场景，语法上with后接接受的事物；例句：You have to come to terms with the reality.(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：on goodterms:关系好；和睦相处；适用于描述人与人之间关系的场景，语法上 一般作表语；例句：We are on good terms with our neighbors.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语4：in the long term:从长远来 看；适用于表达对未来情况的预测或分析的场景：例句：In the long term,this investment will pay off..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are two term)in a school year in many countries.(答案：tems)考法2： 考察固定搭配“in terms of”;原题： money,he's quite rich,.but not in terms of happiness..(答案：In terms) (来源：教材) scientist 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):科学家 A scientist is someone who studies or has expert knowledge in one or more of the natural or physical sciences.(来源：韦氏词 典) 词性转换 ■名词：science;例句：Science helps us understand the world around us..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：scientific; 例句：Ne need to take a scientific approach to this problem.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词：scientize;例句：Ne should scientize our management..(来源：较少使用的学术表达) 同近义词 ■同义词：researcher:名词，研究者；例句：Many researchers are working on this project..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：technologist:名词，技术专家；例句：The technologist is developing new software.(来源：柯林斯词典)