七年级下册Unit 8-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit8词汇精讲 Unit 8 office 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):办公室；办事处；事务所；营业所 1'I be at the office until6o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):公职；官职；职责 The President holds the highest office in the country..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n):(医院的)科，室；（提供某方面服务的）处，局 I went to the doctor's office for a check-up.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：official;名词：officer;例句：The official statement was released this morning.(来源：柯林斯词典)例句： The police officer caught the thief..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：workplace:名词，工作场所；例句：A workplace should be a safe environment for employees.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)-近义词：bureau:名词，局；办事处；例句：He works in a travel bureau.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the office:在办公室里；适用于描述人或物所在位置的场景，语法上in后接表示地点的名词；例句：He is in the office now..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：office building:办公楼；适用于描述建筑用途的场景，语法上用 名词修饰名词；例句：The office building is very modern.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：office hours:办公时间；适 用于说明工作时间的场景，语法上用名词修饰名词；例句：Our office hours are from9a.m.to5p.m.（来源：牛津高 阶词典)短语4：take office:就职；上任；适用于描述宫员开始履行职责的场景，语法上用动词短语作谓语；例句： The new president will take office next month.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：There are several, (office)in this building.(答案：offices)考法2：考察固定 搭配in the office;原题：She usually works。 in the afternoon.(答案：in the office) (来源：教材) post 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):邮政；邮递；邮件；信件；包裹；明信片 1 got a lot of post today..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):邮政系统；邮务；邮政业务 The post here is very reliable.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):岗位；职位；职责 She's applied for a post in the local hospital..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v):邮寄；寄送 I'I post the letter tomomow.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):发布；公布；张贴 The notice was posted on the wall.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：postage;表示邮资；例句：What's the postage for an air-letter?(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：postal;表 示邮政的；例句：The postal service is very efficient here..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：posted;规 则变化，直接加-ed:例句：I posted the package last week.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：posting::直接 加-ing;例句：He is posting pictures on the Internet.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：mail(v.In.):邮寄；邮件；例句：'ll mail this letter for you.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：send(v.): 发送；寄；例句：Send me an email when you arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：post sth..tosb:把某物寄给某人；适用于描述邮寄物品的场景，语法上to后接收件人；例句：I posted a letter to my friend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：post office:邮局；适用于地点描述场景，是名词短语；例句：'m going to the post office to buy some stamps.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3：post card:明信片；适用于日常交流场 景，是名词短语；例句：I sent a post card to my parents..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：post up:张贴；公布；适 用于发布通知等场景，语法上后接张贴的内容；例句：They posted up a notice about the meeting.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：1 ,(post)the card yesterday..(答案：posted)考法2：考察固定搭配post sth.tosb.;原题：Please._the book_me.(答案：post:to) (来源：教材) restaurant 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):餐馆；餐厅 We had dinner in an Italian restaurant.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：restaurateur(餐馆老板；餐厅业主)；例句：The restaurateur is very good at managing his business.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：cafe:名词，咖啡馆；小餐馆；例句：We had coffee at a cafe伦near the park.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：diner:名词，小餐馆；路边小饭店；例句：Ne stopped at a diner for breakfast..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a fast-food restaurant:快餐店；适用于描述餐饮场所类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I often go to a fast-food restaurant on weekends.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a Chinese restaurant:中餐馆；适用于描述 不同菜系餐馆的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Let's go to a Chinese restaurant for dinner.(来源：柯林斯词典)短 语3：reserve a table at a restaurant::在餐馆预订餐桌；适用于预订就餐位置的场景，语法上at后接餐馆名称；例 句：I reserved a table at the restaurant for tonight.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：work in a restaurant:在餐馆工 作；适用于描述工作地点的场景，语法上in后接餐馆；例句：She works in a restaurant as a waitress.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many (re staura nt)in this street..(答案：restaurants) (来源：教材) hotel 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):旅馆；酒店；饭店；宾馆 Ve stayed at a hotel.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：hotelier:酒店经营者；例句：The hotelier welcomed us warmly..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：inn:名词，小旅馆；例句：We found a cozy inn for the night.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：motel:名 词，汽车旅馆；例句：e stopped at a motel on the way.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：check into a hotel:入住酒店；适用于到达酒店办理入住手续的场景，语法上into后接酒店名称；例 句：Ne checked into the hotel at3p.m.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：check out of a hotel:退房；适用于 离开酒店办理退房手续的场景，语法上of后接酒店名称；例句：You should check out of the hotel before noon. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：book a hotel:预订酒店；适用于提前安排住宿的场景，语法上book后接酒 店相关信息；例句：I booked a hotel online.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：stay in a hotel:住在酒店；适用于 描述居住在酒店的状态，语法上in后接酒店名称；例句：Ne will stay in a hotel during our vacation.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many hote)in this area.(答案：hotels) (来源：教材) police 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):警察部门；警方 The police are investigating the crime.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：policial:警察的；例句：The policial investigation was thorough.(来源：韦氏词典)；名词：policeman(男 警察)，policewoman(女警察)；例句：The policeman caught the thief.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：constabulary:名词，警察；例句：The constabulary kept order in the town.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词： cop:名词，警察（口语）；例句：A cop stopped me for speeding.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：police station:警察局；适用于描述警察办公场所的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：He went to the police station to report the theft.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：call the police:报警；适用于遇到紧急情况需要警察介入 的场景，语法上call为动词；例句：She called the police when she saw the fire.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数概念，police本身表复数意义；原题：The(be)boking for the missing chil.(答案：are (来源：教材) bank 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):银行 I need to go to the bank to withdraw some money..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(河、湖等的)岸，堤 We sat on the bank of the river and watched the boats go by.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):把（钱）存入银行 I always bank my paycheck as soon as I get it.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：banker:银行家；例句：My uncle is a well-.known banker in the city..(来源：柯林斯词典)；动词过去式/过去 分词：banked(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：She banked all her savings last month.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：动 词现在分词：banking(直接加-ing);例句：He is banking on his father's support.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：shore:名词，岸；例句：The waves crashed against the shore.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义词：deposit: 动词，存放（钱）；例句：I want to deposit some money in the bank.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bank on:指望，依靠；适用于表达依赖某人或某事的场景，语法上on后接依赖的对象；例句：You can bank on me to help you..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：go to the bank:去银行；适用于描述去银行办理业务等场景；例句：Ihave to go to the bank to cash a check.(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：river bank:河岸；适用于描述河流周边场景，语法上是 名词修饰名词；例句：Many wildflowers grow along the river bank.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语4：bank account::银行 账户；适用于金融相关场景，语法上是名词修饰名词；例句：You need to open a bank account first.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：There are several, bank)in this area.(答案：banks)考法2：作动词， 考察其现在分词形式；原题：Heis_(bank)his money these days.(答案：banking) (来源：教材) hospital [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):医院 He had to go to hospital for treatment..(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：hospitalized;意为住院治疗的；例句：The injured man was hospitalized immediately.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：infirmary:名词，医务室；例句：The school has an infirmary for sick students..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；- 近义词：clinic:名词，诊所；例句：You can go to the clinic for a check-up.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in hospital:住院；适用于描述某人因病住院的场景，语法上不用冠词；例句：He is in hospital with a bad illness..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：go to hospital:去医院看病；适用于描述去医院就医的场景，语 法上不用冠词；例句：You should go to hospital if you don't feel well.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：at the hos- pital:在医院（工作、办事等）；适用于描述在医院这个场所进行非就医活动的场景，语法上用定冠词；例 句：My mother works at the hospital..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：take sb.to hospital:送某人去医院；适用 于描述送病人去医院的场景，语法上to后接人；例句：They took the old man to hospital at once.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are three】 (hospita)in this area.(答案：hospitals) (来源：教材) street 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):街道；马路；大街 I live at203 Park Street.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：streetwise;例句：You need to be streetwise to stay safe in the big city.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：road:名词，路；道路；例句：Ne live at the end of the road.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：avenue: 名词，大街；林荫道；例句：New York's Fifth Avenue is famous for its shops.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the street::在街上；适用于描述人或物在街道表面的场景，语法上in后接街道名称；例句：There is a car in the street..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：on the street::在街道上；美式英语常用表达，适用于描述人或物在街 道上的场景，语法上on后接街道名称；例句：He met an old friend on the street..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：street corner:街角；适用于描述街道拐角的位置，语法上直接使用；例句：They met at the street corner..(来源：牛津高 阶词典)短语4：main street:主要街道；适用于描述城市或区域的主要道路，语法上直接使用；例句：The shops are on the main street.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many busy. (street)in the city.(答案：streets) (来源：教材) across 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):从物体的表面穿过 The boy swam across the river..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad.)(adw.):从物体表面穿过；在对面 Can you jump across?(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■无明显常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■-同义词：through:prep,从物体内部穿过；例句：The train went through the tunnel.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：over:prep,越过；例句：The plane flew over the mountains.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：across from:在…对面；适用于描述位置关系的场景，语法上from后接相对的地点；例句：The bank is across from the supermarket..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go across:穿过；适用于描述穿过某一表面的场景； 例句：We have to go across the street..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察across作介词的用法：原题：Go_ the bridge and you'll find the bookstore.(答案：across) (来源：教材) near 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):在…附近；靠近 There is a supemarket near my home.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):接近；临近 Come near and listen to me.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)（adj.):近的；接近的 The post-office is quite near.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词比较级：nearer;最高级：nearest;例句：The nearer we got to the village,the more excited we became.(来 源：柯林斯词典)：副词比较级：nearer;:最高级：nearest:例句：ho lives nearest to the school?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：close:形容词，近的；例句：The two houses are close to each other..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： beside::介词，在…旁边；例句：He sat beside me.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：by:介词，在…附近；例 句：There is a tree by the river.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：near to:接近；靠近；适用于描述位置关系的场景，语法上to后接地点；例句：The school is near to the library.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：near by:在附近；适用于描述某物位置在附近的场景，可作后置定语或状 语；例句：There is a small shop near by..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：draw near::临近；靠近；适用于描述时间或 距离的接近，无特殊语法要求；例句：The winter vacation is drawing near.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察near作介词的用法：原题：The park is_ (nea)the hospital..(答案：near)考法2：考察near作形容词的 比较级形式：原题：This store is(nea)to my home than that one.(答案：nearer) (来源：教材) pay 词义与词性 ■()(V.):付款；支付 I paid fifty dollars for this book.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):给予（注意、尊重等） You should pay more attention to your spelling.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):工资；薪水 His pay is fair for the work he does..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：payment:例句：Ne made a payment of$500 towards the debt..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：payable; 例句：The bil训is payable within30days.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式/过去分词：paid;例句：I paid the bil训 yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：paying:例句：She is paying for her shopping now..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：sete:动词，结算；例句：I'll settle the bil训later..（来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：compensate:动词，补 偿；例句：The company will compensate you for your loss..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：pay for::为…付款；适用于描述支付费用的场景，语法上for后接付款的对象；例句：I paid for the meal (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：pay attention to:注意；适用于提醒关注某事的场景，语法上to后接关注的对象；例 句：Pay attention to what the teacher is saying.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：pay back:偿还；适用于描述归还借款 的场景，语法上可直接接宾语；例句：I'll pay you back next week.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：pay off:还清（债务 等)；适用于描述还清欠款的场景，语法上可直接接宾语；例句：He finally paid off his mortgage.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：1_(pay)for the shoes last week.(答案：paid)考法2：考察固 定搭配pay for;原题：You must the damage you've caused.(答案：pay for) (来源教材) town [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):镇；市镇；集镇 The town is famous for its beautiful scenery.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) ■(n.)(n.):城镇居民；市民 The whole town turned out to welcome the heroes.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):市中心；闹市区 I'm going into town to do some shopping..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：townish:有城镇特点的；例句：The townish atmosphere made her feel at home.(来源：韦氏大词典)名词 复数：towns;例句：There are many small towns in this area.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：city:名词，城市；例句：New York is a big city.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：village:名词，村庄；例 句：He lives in a small village.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：borough:名词，自治市镇；例句：The borough has its own local government..(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in town:在城里；在镇上；适用于描述某人所在位置的场景，语法上in后接城镇名称；例句：She lives in town.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go to town:到市区去；适用于描述出行目的的场景，语法上to后接城镇；例句： He went to town to visit his friend.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)短语3：town center:市中心；适用于描述地点的 场景，语法上center为名词；例句：The town center is very busy.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：town hal:市政厅； 适用于描述政府建筑的场景，语法上hall为名词；例句：The meeting will be held in the town hall..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are several. (town)in this county..(答案：towns)考法2：考察固定搭配 in town:原题：I saw him (in town)yesterday..(答案：in town) (来源：教材) front [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):正面；前面；前部 Write your name on the front of the paper.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):前面的；前部的 The front door is locked.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):在…前面 There is a tree in front of the house.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：frontal;例句：A frontal attack is very difficult..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词：front:例句：The building fronts the park.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：fore:形容词，前面的；例句：The fore part of the ship is damaged..(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：forward: 形容词，前面的；例句：The forward section of the plane is for first-class passengers.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in front of:在…前面；适用于描述位置关系的场景，语法上of后接被描述位置的事物；例句：There is a pond in front of the village.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in the front of:在…前部（内部）；适用于描述在某个空间 内部前端的场景；例句：The driver sits in the front of the bus.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：at the fronts:在前面；适 用于描述处于某个队列或事物前端的场景；例句：He stood at the front of the line.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：front to front:面对面；适用于描述两人或事物相对的场景；例句：They stood front to front and argued..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配in front of:原题：There is a big garden_(im/in the)front of the house.(答案：in)考法2：考察 front作形容词：原题：The (front)seats are more expensive.(答案：font) (来源：教材) behind 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):在…后面 The cat is behind the door..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(acw.):在后面；向后 I looked behind and saw nobody.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):(非正式)屁股 He landed on his behind.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■一般无常见词性转换； 同近义词 ■-近义词：after:介词，在…之后；例句：He left after me.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：at the back of:介词 短语，在…后部；例句：There is a garden at the back of the house.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：behind the times:过时；落后于时代；适用于描述观念、事物等跟不上时代的场景，语法上作表语：例句： This kind of thinking is behind the times.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：fall behind:落后；适用于描述在学习、进 度等方面落后的场景，语法上为动词短语；例句：Don't fall behind others in study.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语 3:leave sth.behind:留下某物；忘记带某物：适用于描述遗忘物品的场景，语法上sth.为留下的物品；例句：Ilet my book behind at school.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察介词用法：原题：The ball is the box.(答案：behind)考法2：考察副词用法：原题：He ran fast and left others (答案：behind) (来源：教材) around 词义与词性 ■(adv)(adw.):在周围；在附近；到处；大约 There were people standing around.(来源：牛津高阶词典)