七年级下册Unit 5-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit5词汇精讲 Unit 5 animal 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):兽；牲畜；动物 Language is something which fundamentally distinguishes humans from animals.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):肉体的；肉欲的；情欲的 He was driven by animal instincts.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：animalistic;具有动物特性的；例句：The animalistic behavior of the crowd was shocking.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：beasta:名词，野兽；例句：The beast roared in the forest.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：creature:名词， 生物；例句：The ocean is full of strange creatures.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wild animal:野生动物；适用于描述生活在自然环境中的动物场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：We saw a lot of wild animals in the national park.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：domestic animal:家畜；适用于描 述被人类驯化饲养的动物场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：Farmers raise many domestic animals.(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：animal rights:动物权利；适用于讨论动物权益相关场景，语法上为固定表达；例句：Many people are concerned about animal rights.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：animal world:动物世界；适用于描述动 物生存的环境或者相关节目场景，语法上为固定表达；例句：I like watching the animal world on TV.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：May」 (animal))in the zoo are very lovely.(答案：animals） (来源：教材) cute 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):可爱的，漂亮迷人的 What a cute baby!(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):机灵的，精明的 The cute boy answered the question quickly.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■副词：cutely;例句：The puppy looked up at her cutely..(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：cuteness;例句：The cuteness of the kitten made everyone smile.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：lovely:形容词，可爱的；例句：She has a lovely face.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：adorable:形容词， 可爱的；例句：The baby is just adorable.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：so cute::如此可爱；适用于表达对人或事物的喜爱场景，语法上so修饰形容词cute;例句：Your little sister is so cute.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：look cute:看起来可爱；适用于描述外观的场景，语法上look为系动词； 例句：The little girl looks cute in that dress.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在系表结构中的用法；原题：The pandas are so._一(cute).(答案：cute) (来源：教材) lazy 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):不愿工作的；懒散的；懒惰的 The lazy boy never does his homework on time.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):慢吞吞的；懒洋洋的 A lazy stream winds through the valley..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：lazily;意为懒洋洋地，慢吞吞地；例句：He lay lazily in the hammock..(来源：朗文当代英语词典)名词： laziness;意为懒惰，懒散；例句：His laziness led to his failure.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：idle:形容词，懒散的，无所事事的；例句：He spent many idle hours at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：slothful:形容词，懒惰的；例句：The slothful student failed the exam.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as lazy as a sloth:像树懒一样懒；适用于形容人非常懒惰的场景，语法上as.as结构中间用形容词原级； 例句：My little brother is as lazy as a sloth on weekends.(来源：英语常用搭配词典)短语2：lazy afternoon:慵懒 的下午；适用于描述休闲时光的场景，语法上用形容词修饰名词；例句：Ne spent a lazy afternoon by the lake.(来 源：柯林斯词典)短语3：lazy eye:弱视眼；适用于医学或生理描述场景，语法上用形容词修饰名词；例句：The doctor is treating his lazy eye..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级和最高级形式；原题：Tom is.(azy)than his brother.(答案：azer)考法2：用形容 词修饰名词；原题：Hesa_一(azy)boy.(答案：lazy) (来源：教材) smart 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):聪明的；伶俐的；机敏的 He's a smart boy..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):整洁而时髦的；衣着讲究的 You look very smart in that suit..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):迅速的；敏捷的 He made a smart comeback.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：smartly:例句：She was dressed smartly..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：smartness;例句：The smartness of his appearance impressed me.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：intelligent:形容词，聪明的；例句：All her children are very intelligent..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：clever: 形容词，聪明的；例句：The clever boy solved the problem quickly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：stylish:形容词， 时髦的；例句：She always wears stylish clothes.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be smart about sth.:对某事精明；适用于描述处理事情的能力场景，语法上about后接具体事情；例句：You should be smart about your finances.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：look smart:赶快；适用于催促别人加快行动的场 景，语法上可单独使用；例句：Look smart!We're going to be late.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：smart suit:时髦的套 装；适用于描述穿着打扮的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：He always wears a smart suit to work.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级和最高级形式；原题：He is(smart)than his brother..(答案：smarter)考法2：考察 其形容词词义“聪明的”：原题：The smat)student answered all the questions correctly.(答案：smat) (来源：教材) scary 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):恐怖的；吓人的 The scary movie made me scream.(来源：剑桥词典) ■(adj)(adj.):引起惊慌的 The news about the storm was really scary.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■副词：scarily;例句：The house looked scarily empty..（来源：柯林斯词典)名词：scare;例句：The sudden noise gave me a scare.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：frightening:形容词，恐怖的；例句：The lightning was really frightening.(来源：朗文当代词典)近义词： terrifying:形容词，令人恐惧的；例句：The experience was absolutely terrifying.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：scary movie:恐怖电影；适用于描述电影类型的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Idon't like scary movies。 (来源：剑桥词典)短语2：scary story::恐怖故事；适用于描述故事类型的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：He told us a scary story.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其修饰名词的用法：原题：This is a._scay)stoy(答案scary) (来源：教材) beautiful 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):美丽的；美好的；极好的 She was a very beautiful woman.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：beautifully:例句：The garden is beautifully designed.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：beauty:例句：The beauty of the sunset took my breath away.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：pretty:形容词，漂亮的；例句：She looked pretty in her new dress.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：gorgeous: 形容词，华丽的；例句：The hotel room was gorgeous..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：attractive:形容词，有吸引力 的；例句：The idea of a long holiday was very attractive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：beautiful scenery:美丽的风景；适用于描述自然景观的场景，语法上scenery是不可数名词；例句：We enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountains.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a beautiful voice:美妙的嗓音；适用 于描述人的嗓音的场景，语法上voice是可数名词；例句：She has a beautiful voice.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： look beautiful:看起来漂亮；适用于描述人或事物外观的场景，语法上look是系动词；例句：You look beautiful in this dress.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词；原题：She has a_ (beautiful)smile.（答案：beautiful) (来源：教材) kind [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):种类；类别；类型 There are all kinds of animals in the zoo..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):体贴的；慈祥的；友好的；宽容的 She is a kind teacher.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：kindness;形容词：kind;例句：Thank you for your kindness..(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：kindly;例句：He spoke to me kindly..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：sot(n.):种类；类别；近义词：type(n.):类型；种类；同义词：friendly(adj.):友好的；同义词：gentle (adj.):温和的；慈祥的；例句：This sort of problem is common.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a kind of:一种；一类；适用于描述事物类别场景，语法上后接可数名词单数或不可数名词；例句：This is a kind of fruit.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：all kinds of:各种各样的；适用于描述事物种类繁多场景，语法上后接可数名词复 数或不可数名词；例句：All kinds of flowers are in the garden.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：kind of::有点儿；有几分；适用 于描述程度，语法上后接形容词或副词；例句：He is kind of shy..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：be kindto:对…友好； 适用于描述人与人或人与动物关系场景，语法上to后接对象；例句：Ne should be kind to animals.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：There are many different (kind)of plants in the park.(答案：kinds)考法2：考 察固定搭配kind of:;原题：The movie is」 boring.(答案：kind of) (来源：教材) pet [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):宠物 I have a pet dog.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):抚摸 She gently petted the cat..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj)宠爱的，特别的 He is the teacher's pet student..(来源：朗文当代词典) 词性转换 ■名词：pet;动词：pet;形容词：pet;过去式和过去分词：petted;现在分词：petting;例句：She petted the rabbit yesterday.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：companion:名词，伙伴；例句：The dog is a good companion to the old man.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义 词：favourite:形容词，特别喜爱的；例句：This is my favourite book.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：keep a pet::养宠物；适用于表达养动物作为宠物的场景，语法上keep后接宠物的种类；例句：Ne keep a pet fish at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：pet shop:宠物店；适用于描述售卖宠物的场所；例句：I went to the pet shop to buy some food for my cat..(来源：朗文当代词典)短语3：pet name:昵称；适用于表达对人或动物 的亲昵称呼；例句：He calls his wife a lovely pet name.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：Many families keep. (pet)these days..(答案：pets)考法2：作动词，考 察其现在分词形式：原题：The little girl is._一(pet)the puppy.(答案：petting) (来源：教材) south 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):南方；南部 Most of my relatives live in the south of the country.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):南方的；南部的 The south coast is a very popular tourist area.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):向南方；朝南 The birds fly south in winter.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：southern:南方的；南部的；例句：Southern cities have a different culture.(来源：柯林斯词典)-副词： southwards:向南方；例句：They travelled southwards.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：southernmost:形容词，最南端的；例句：The southernmost tip of the island is very beautiful.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)-近义词：down south:副词短语，在南方；例句：He lives down south.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the south of::在…的南部；适用于描述地理位置的场景，语法上in后接范围；例句：Hainan is in the south of China.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：to the south of::在…以南（不接壤）；适用于描述两个地区位置关 系的场景；例句：Japan is to the south of Russia..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：on the south of:在…的南边（接 壤)；适用于描述相邻地区位置关系的场景；例句：Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语 4:south of:.在…以南；适用于描述大致方位的场景；例句：The small town is south ofthe big city.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察作名词时，与介词搭配：原题：（模拟题）The city lies in the_outh)of the province.(答案：south)考法 2:考察作形容词修饰名词；原题：（模拟题）There is a. (south)wind today.(答案：southern) (来源：教材) leg [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):腿；腿部 He broke his leg in a skiing accident.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(桌、椅等的)腿，脚 One of the legs of the table is broken.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):(旅程、赛程等的)一段 The last leg of our journey was the most tiring.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：legged:有…腿的；例句：A four-legged animal can run fast..(来源：韦氏词典)-名词复数：legs;例 句：Insects usually have six legs.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：imb:名词，肢；臂；腿；例句：The animal's limb was injured.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：shank 名词，胫；小腿；例句：He hurt his shank while running.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：pull sb.sleg:开某人的玩笑；适用于朋友间轻松调侃的场景，语法上sb.用宾格；例句：Don't be serious..m just pulling your leg.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：on one's last legs:奄奄一息；处于最后阶段；适用于描述人、物或 组织等快到尽头的场景：例句：The old car is on its last legs.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：stretch one's legs:散步；活动 一下腿脚；适用于长时间坐着或站着后需要活动的场景；例句：Let's stop here and stretch our legs.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)短语4：leg up:帮助；支持；适用于需要他人助力的场景；例句：He gave me a leg up in my career.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：Most spiders have eight_一(leg.(答案：legs)考法2：考察固定搭配pull sb.'sleg: 原题：He said he could fly,but1 knew he was just(oull)my leg..(答案：pulling) (来源：教材) cat [词义与词性 ■(n)(n):猫；家猫 My cat catches mice.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):猫科动物 Lions and tigers are big cats.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：cats;一般在词尾直接加-s;例句：There are three cats in the yard..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：feline.:名词，猫科动物；例句：The feline is a graceful animal.(来源：韦氏大词典)-近义词：kity:名 词，小猫；例句：The little girl loves her kitty.(来源：剑桥词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：let the cat out of the bag:泄露秘密；适用于描述不小心说出秘密的场景，语法上let后接宾语cat;例句：He let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：rain cats and dogs:倾盆大雨；适用 于描述雨下得很大的场景，无特殊语法要求：例句：It started to rain cats and dogs last night.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are two_一(cat)in the picture.(答案：cats) (来源：教材) sleep 词义与词性 ■(.)(v):睡觉；入睡 I usually sleep for eight hours every night..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):睡眠 I need some sleep..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：sleepy:困倦的，瞌睡的；形容词：asleep:睡着的；动词过去式和过去分词：slept(不规则变化)；现在分 词：sleeping;例句：'m feeling sleepy..(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：The baby is asleep.(来源：柯林斯词典)例 句：I slept well last night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：The sleeping child looks so cute.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：doze:动词，打瞌睡；近义词：slumber:动词，睡眠；例句：He dozed off in the chair..（来源：牛津高阶词 典)例句：She slumbered peacefully..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：go to sleep:入睡；适用于描述进入睡眠状态的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：I go to sleep at10o'clock every night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：fall asleep:睡着；适用于描述不知不觉进入睡眠的场景，语法上无特 殊要求；例句：He fell asleep during the movie..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：sleep in:睡懒觉；适用于描述早上晚 起的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：I like to sleep in on weekends.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：get to sleep: 设法睡着；适用于描述努力入睡的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：I couldn't get to sleep last night.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：1 (sleep)late yesterday..(答案slept)考法2：考察固定搭配 go to sleep;原题：I usually, at10p.m.(答案：go to sleep) (来源：教材) friendly 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):友好的；友善的；表示人与人之间相处融洽 The locals are very friendly..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):亲切的；和蔼可亲的；用于形容人的态度 He gave me a friendly smile..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(ad)(adj.):支持的；有利于…的；适用于描述事物对其他事物的影响 The environment here is friendly to wildlife.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：friend;例句：I have many friends at school..(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：friendly本身也可作副词，但较 少见；例句：They greeted us very friendly..(来源：韦氏词典)比铰级：friendlier;例句：This dog is friendlier than that one.(来源：柯林斯词典)最高级：friendliest::例句：She is the friendliest person in the class.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：amicable:形容词，友好的；例句：They reached an amicable agreement..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： cordial:形容词，热情友好的；例句：e had a cordial conversation.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：genial::形容词， 和蔼可亲的；例句：He has a genial personality..(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be friendly to:对…友好；适用于描述人对其他人或事物的态度，语法上to后接对象；例句：Ne should be friendly to the environment..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be friendly with:与…友好相处；适用于描述人与人之 间的关系，语法上with后接人；例句：She is friendly with all her classmates..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：make friendly with:和…交朋友；适用于描述建立友好关系的场景，语法上with后接人；例句：He tried to make friendly with the new students.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语；原题：The people there are very (friend).(答案：friendly)考法2：考察固定搭配be friendly to;原题：Ne should be_ (friend)to animals.(答案：friendly) (来源：教材) symbol [词义与词性 ■(n)(n):象征：标志；符号 The dove is a symbol of peace.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：symbolic;象征的，标志性的；例句：The gesture was symbolic of their friendship.(来源：柯林斯词典)动 词：symbolize;象征，代表；例句：The cross symbolizes Christianity.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：emblem:名词，象征，徽章；例句：The national emblem is an important symbol of a country.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)近义词：token:名词，象征，标志；例句：This gift is a token of our appreciation.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：symbol of::…的象征；适用于描述某事物代表另一种抽象事物的场景，语法上of后接被象征的事 物；例句：The Great Wall is a symbol of China.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：cultural symbol::文化象征；适 用于文化相关的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：The dragon is a cultural symbol in Chinese culture.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：These (symbol)represent different cultures.symbols) (来源：教材) shy 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):羞怯的；腼腆的；怕生的 The shy child hid behind her mother..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):有戒心的；不喜欢…的；不愿意…的 He's shy of publicity..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：shyy;例句：She smiled shyly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：shyness;例句：His shyness made it difficult for him to make friends.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词