七年级下册Unit 2-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit2词汇精讲 Unit2 brush [词义与词性 ■()(V.):刷；刷净；（用刷子）抹，涂 Brush your teeth after meals.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):刷子；毛刷；画笔 1 need a new paint-brush.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：brusher;动词过去式和过去分词：brushed(规则变化，直接加-ed);动词现在分词：brushing(直接加-ing): 例句：She brushed her hair gently.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：scrub:动词，用力擦洗；例句：You'll have to scrub hard to get that stain out..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：clean:动词，打扫；例句：She cleaned the house every day..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brush one's teeth:刷牙；适用于描述日常洗漱场景，语法上one's根据主语变化；例句：You should brush your teeth every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：brush off:.刷掉；不理会；适用于清除灰尘或表示无视他人的场 景，语法上off后可接被刷掉的东西；例句：Brush the snow offyour coat.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：brush up on:复 习；重温；适用于学习场景，语法上on后接复习的内容；例句：I need to brush up on my French..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其第三人称单数形式：原题：He (bush)his teeth twice a day.(答案：brushes)考法2：考察 动词的过去式：原题：She】 _(brush)her shoes yesterday..(答案：brushed) (来源：教材) up 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):向上；朝着较高的方向 The bird flew up into the sky.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):向（或在）较高的位置；沿着；顺着 Ve walked up the hill.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj):向上的；上行的 The up train is usually crowded.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■一般up无常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■-近义词：above:介词、副词，在…上面；例句：There is a bridge above the river..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：over:介词、副词，在…上方；例句：A plane flew over our heads.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：up and down:上上下下；适用于描述物体在垂直方向上来回移动的场景，语法上常作状语；例句：She walked up and down the room.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：upto:多达；直到；胜任；由…决定；适用于 描述数量、时间范围或表示能力、责任等场景，语法上后接数量、时间或其他名词；例句：Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：get up:起床；适用于描述早晨起床的场景，语法上get为谓 语动词：例句：I usually get up at7o'clock.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语4：look up:查阅；向上看；适用 于查阅资料或抬头看的场景，语法上可接查阅的内容；例句：Look up the word in the dictionary..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配up and down:原题：The toy car moved (up)and down on the track.(答案：up) (来源：教材) dress 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):连衣裙 She was wearing a long white dress..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):给…穿衣 She dressed the baby carefully.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(.)：穿衣服 Get up and dress quickly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：dresser;指衣柜、梳妆台；例句：There is a beautiful dresser in her bedroom.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词： dressy:意为讲究的、正式的；例句：t's a dressy occasion.(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式和过去分词：dressed; 规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：She dressed warmly for the cold weather..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：clothe:动词，给…穿衣；例句：He has to work hard to feed and clothe his family.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：attire:动词，使穿衣；名词，服装；例句：The bride was attired in white.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：dress oneself::给自己穿衣服；适用于描述某人自己完成穿衣动作的场景，语法上oneself根据主语变化； 例句：The child is old enough to dress himself.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：dress up:打扮；常用于节日、表演 等需要装扮的场景，语法上可直接使用；例句：Children like to dress up at Halloween..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短 语3：dress in:穿着；适用于描述穿着某种颜色或款式衣服的场景，语法上in后接颜色、服装款式等；例句：She always dresses in black.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She (dress)herself quickly this moming.(答案：dressed)考法2：考察 固定搭配dress oneself:原题：The little boy can. (he)now.(答案：dress himself) (来源：教材) tooth [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):牙齿 You should brush your teeth every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：teeth;例句：The dentist examined my teeth carefully..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：dent:名词，牙齿；例句：The dog showed its dents.（来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brush one's teeth:刷牙；适用于日常洗漱场景，语法上one's根据主语变化；例句：You must brush your teeth before going to bed.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：tooth and nail::拼命地；适用于描述激烈斗争场景，语法 上作状语；例句：They fought tooth and nail to protect their rights..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：cut one's teeth on: 从…中获得经验；适用于描述积累经验场景，语法上on后接经历的事情；例句：He cut his teeth on small-town politics.(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式；原题：（某地模拟题）He has two bad (tooth).(答案：teeth) (来源：教材) usually 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):通常；平常；一贯 I usually get up at siⅸo'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：usual;例句：t's a usual practice in our school.(来源：柯林斯词典)；名词：usualness;例句：There is a certain usualness in his daily routine.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：normally(adv.):通常，正常情况下；例句：Normally,I go to work by bike..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近 义词：generally(adw.):一般地；通常；例句：Generally,he is very punctual.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as usual:像往常一样；适用于描述和平时情况一样的场景，语法上可置于句首或句中；例句：As usual,,he arrived late.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：more than usual:比平时更；适用于比较当下和平时情况的场景，语 法上修饰形容词或副词比较级；例句：He is more tired than usual today..(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察副词用法；原题：He」 (usual)goes to school on foot.(答案：usually) (来源：教材) shower 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):淋浴；淋浴器；阵雨 I take a shower every morning..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):给…洗澡；大量地给予；下阵雨 The fans showered the singer with gifts..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：shower;:动词过去式和过去分词：showered(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：It showered last night..(来源： 牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：showering(直接加-ing);例句：She is showering now.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：bathe:动词，给…洗澡；例句：She bathes her baby every day.（来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：sprinkle: 动词，洒；下小雨；例句：Sprinkle some salt on the salad.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：take a shower:洗淋浴；适用于描述个人日常清洁的场景，语法上take后直接接a shower;例句：I like to take a shower after exercise.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：shower sb.with sth.:：大量地给予某人某物；适用于表 达给予某人很多礼物等场景，语法上shower后接人，with后接给予的物品；例句：They showered the newly-weds with rice.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：in the shower:在淋浴时；适用于描述某人正在淋浴的场景；例句：He sings in the shower..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He」 (shower)before going to bed last night.(答案：showered)考法2：考 察固定搭配take a showers:原题：I usually, _in the evening.(答案：take;shower) (来源：教材) forty 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):四十；四十个 He had forty sheep in his flock.(来源：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》) ■(adj.)(adj.):四十的；四十个的 He is forty years old..(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》) 词性转换 ■名词复数：forties;表示在整数的四十年代或人的四十多岁；例句：He went through a difficult time in his forties..(来 源：《柯林斯词典》) 同近义词 ■近义词：four-decade:名词，四十年；例句：The project lasted a four-decade.(来源：自编示例，仅作格式参考， 实际使用需权威例句)；近义词：quadragenarian:名词，四十多岁的人；例句：The quadragenarian is very energetic,. (来源：自编示例，仅作格式参考，实际使用需权威例句) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's forties:在某人四十多岁时；适用于描述人的年龄阶段，语法上用所有格形式；例句：Hebe came very successful in his forties.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)；短语2：foty-fve:四十五；可用于时间、 数量等场景；例句：The meeting will start in forty-five minutes.(来源：自编示例，仅作格式参考，实际使用需权威例句) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式；原题：My father is in his」 (foty).(答案：forties) (来源：教材) never 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):从不，绝不 /never eat meat..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):从未，未曾 She has never been to Paris.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■反义词：ever:副词，曾经；例句：Have you ever been abroad?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：not ever:副词，永不，从来没有；例句：I will not ever forget that day.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)-近义 词：rarely:副词，很少，难得；例句：He rarely goes out at night..(来源：牛津高阶词典) [固定搭配 ■短语1：never mind:没关系，不用担心；适用于安慰他人的场景，单独成句；例句：Never mind,you can try again.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：never do sth.again:再也不做某事；适用于表达决心的场景，语法上do 用动词原形；例句：'ll never make the same mistake again.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：never in one's life:一生 中从未：适用于强调从未有过某种经历的场景：例句：'ve never in my life seen such a mess..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，考察其在一般现在时否定句中的用法；原题：He(g0)to school late..(答案：never goes)考法2：考 察与现在完成时连用；原题：She_(see)such a beautiful view before..(答案：has never seen) (来源：教材) early 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):早的；提早的；早期的 Ve caught an early train.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):在早期；提早；提前 She always gets up early.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■比较级：earlier;例句：You should go to bed earlier tonight..(来源：牛津高阶词典)最高级：earliest;例句：Who got to school the earliest this morning？(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：soon:adw.,不久；很快；例句：He will come back soon..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：premature:adj., 过早的；提前的；例句：The premature baby needs special care.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：early in the morning:在清晨；适用于描述时间的场景，语法上in the morning固定搭配，early修饰该时间 短语；例句：I go for a walk early in the morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：early bird:早起者；早到者；适用 于描述人的习惯或行为的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The early bird catches the worm.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：as early as:早在；适用于强调时间早的场景，语法上后接具体时间；例句：As early as the19 th century,. people began to study this phenomenon.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词比较级；原题：You should get up (eay)tomorow than today.(答案：earlier)考法2：考察副词 用法；原题：He came to school__(eay)this morning.(答案：eary) (来源：教材) fifty 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):五十；五十个（人或物） He has fi浒y books on his shelf.(来源：自编符合常见用法) ■(adj.)(adj):五十的；五十个的；五十岁的 She is fifty years old.(来源：自编符合常见用法) 词性转换 ■名词复数：fifties;表示几十到几十几的区间或某人五十多岁例句：He went to the United States in the fifties.(来源： 自编符合常见用法) 同近义词 ■近义词：half-hundred:名词，五十；例句：There are half-hundred students in the class.(来源：自编符合用法) [固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's fifties:在某人五十多岁时；适用于描述年龄阶段的场景，语法上用所有格形式；例句：My father became more interested in painting in his fifties..(来源：自编符合常见用法)；短语2：fty-ffty:对半分；适用于描 述分配比例的场景，语法上可作状语；例句：Let's split the money fifty-ty.（来源：自编符合常见用法) 典型考法 考法1：考察其复数形式表示年代；原题：He was bom in the_(fity).(答案：fies) (来源：教材) work [词义与词性 ■()(V.):工作；劳动；干活 He works in a bank.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):运作；运转 How does this machine work?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):工作；职业 I start work at nine.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):作品；著作 This painting is one of his greatest works.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：worker;例句：Many workers are on strike.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：workable;例句：Ne need to find a workable solution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：working;例句：He is working hard.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)动词过去式和过去分词：worked;例句：She worked in a factory last year..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：job:名词，工作；例句：Ihave a part-time job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：labour:名词恸词，劳动； 例句：They laboured in the fields all day..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：operate:.动词，操作；例句：The machine is difficult to operate.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：work hard:努力工作；适用于描述人们为达成目标付出努力的场景，语法上为动词短语；例句：You should work hard if you want to succeed.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：work out::解决；算出；适用于解决问题或计算数 值的场景，语法上是动副结构；例句：Can you work out this math problem？(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：at work: 在工作；适用于描述某人处于工作状态的场景，语法上为介词短语；例句：He is at work now.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)短语4：work on:从事；致力于；适用于描述某人专注于某项任务的场景，语法上on后接从事的对象；例句： She is working on a new project.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其第三人称单数形式：原题：He (wok)in a hospital..(答案：works)考法2：考察固定搭配 work hard:原题：e should to achieve our goals.(答案：work hard)考法3：作名词，考察单复数变化：原 题：These famous (wok)of art are very valuable.(答案：works) (来源：教材) job 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):工作；职业；职位 've got a new job..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(一项)任务；（一件）工作 The job of repairing the car took several hours.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：job(做零工；打杂；假公济私)；例句：He used to job during the summer vacation.(来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：work:名词，工作；例句：I have a lot of work to do today.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：occupation: 名词，职业；例句：Please state your name,age and occupation.（来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：profession:名词， 职业；例句：He is a doctor by profession.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：do a job:做一项工作；适用于描述完成某项任务的场景，语法上job前可加形容词修饰；例句：She did a great job in organizing the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：job hunting:求职；适用于找工作的场景，语法上 hunting是动名词形式；例句：He's been job-hunting for months..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：job interview:求职 面试：适用于找工作面试的场景，语法上interview是名词；例句：I have a job interview tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)：短语4：do a good job:干得好；适用于表扬完成工作情况的场景，语法上job前用good修饰；例句：You did a good job on the presentation..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：Many people have lost their (Uob)because of the economic crisis.(答案：jobs): 考法2：考察固定搭配do a good job:原题：You've done a really good._(ob)on this project..(答案：job) (来源：教材) o'clock 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adW.):…点钟；用于整点时间前 I get up at six o'clock every morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■该词无常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■近义词：shap:副词，准时地；例句：The meeting starts at9a.m.sharp.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：at.o'clock:在…点钟；适用于描述具体整点时间的场景，语法上at后接具体整点数字；例句：The movie begins at eight o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其在时间表达中的用法；原题：We will meet at three」 (o'clock)this aftemoon.(答案：o'clock) (来源：教材) night [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):夜晚；晚上 I went to bed late last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：nightly;例句：The nightly news is on at7p.m.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：evening::名词，傍晚；例句：We had dinner in the evening.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：midnight:名 词，午夜；例句：The party ended at midnight.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：at night:在晚上；适用于描述时间的场景，语法上at后接night::例句：I usually read books at night..(来源： 牛津高阶词典)；短语2：all night:整夜；适用于描述持续时间的场景，语法上a后接night;例句：He worked all night to finish the project.（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：night and day:日以继夜；适用于描述不间断的场景，语法 上and连接night和day;例句：He studied night and day for the exam.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：good night: 晚安；适用于告别的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：“Good night,”she said and went to her room.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词所有格形式；原题：We had a party at_(Tom)house last night.(答案：Toms):考法2：考察固定搭 配at night:原题：He often goes out (答案：at night) (来源：教材) station 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):车站；火车站；汽车站 We'll meet you at the station.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):所；站；局 a police station(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):电台；广播电台 I listen to the radio station every morning.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：station;派驻；使驻扎；例句：Troops have been stationed in the area.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：stop:名词，车站；例句：I get off at the next stop.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：terminal:名词，终点 站：例句：The bus terminal is very crowded.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bus station:公交车站；适用于描述交通场所的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：I wait for the bus at the bus station.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：train station:火车站；适用于描述交通场所的场景，语法上为名词短语； 例句：Ne went to the train station to pick up my friend..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：police station:警察局；适用 于描述执法场所的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：He went to the police station to report the theft.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)；短语4：radio station:广播电台；适用于描述媒体场所的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Ilike listening to that radio station.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many (station)in this city.(答案：stations) (来源：教材)