七年级下册Unit 1-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit1词汇精讲 Unit1 guitar 词义与词性 (n)(n.):吉他；六弦琴 He can play the guitar.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：guitarist(吉他手；六弦琴手)；例句：The guitarist played a beautiful solo.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：lute:名词，鲁特琴；例句：The musician played the lute at the concert.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： ukulele:名词，尤克里里；例句：She strummed the ukulele gently.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：play the guitar:弹吉他；适用于描述演奏乐器的场景，语法上乐器前要加定冠词the;例句：I like to play the guitar in my free time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：electric guitar:电吉他；适用于描述乐器类型的 场景，语法上直接使用；例句：He has an electric guitar.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：acoustic guitar:原声吉 他；适用于描述乐器类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：She prefers to play the acoustic guitar.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配play the guitar:原题：My brother can_一(play)the guitar very well(答案：play) (来源：教材) sing 词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):唱；唱歌 She can sing many beautiful songs.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):作响；鸣鸣作响 The bullet sang past his ear.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：singer;例句：My dream is to be a famous singer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式：sang;例句：She sang a song for us yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去分词：sung:例句：The song has been sung by many people.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：singing;例句：He is singing in the room.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：croon::动词，低声哼唱；例句：She crooned a lullaby to the baby..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：chant:动 词，反复唱；例句：The crowd chanted their favorite team's name.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sing a song:唱一首歌；适用于描述唱歌的场景，语法上a song为宾语；例句：Let's sing a song together.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)短语2：sing along:跟着唱；适用于有音乐伴奏跟着唱的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：You can sing along if you know the song.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：sing for one's supper:干活挣钱；适用于描述为了生存或报酬而 工作的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：If you want to stay here,you'll have to sing for your supper.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She (sing)an English song at the party last night..(答案：sang)考法2： 考察固定搭配sing a song:原题：Can you for me?(答案：sing a song) (来源：教材) swim 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):游泳；游动 I can swim very fast.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):浸；泡；充溢 His eyes swam with tears.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):游泳 Let's go for a swim.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：swimming;例句：Swimming is a good exercise.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式：swam;例句：He swam across the river..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去分词：swum;例句：She has swum in many competitions..(来源：牛 津高阶词典)动词现在分词：swimming;例句：They are swimming in the pool.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：bathe:动词，游泳；例句：e went to the beach to bathe in the sea.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：dip: 动词，浸；泡；也可指短时间游泳；例句：She dipped her feet in the water.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：swim across:游过；适用于描述游泳跨越某个水域的场景，语法上across后接跨越的水域；例句：He swam across the channel..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go swimming:去游泳；适用于表达去进行游泳活动的场 景，语法上是固定短语搭配；例句：Ne usually go swimming in summer.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：swim against the current:.逆水游泳；引申为逆潮流而动；适用于描述游泳状态或抽象的做事态度场景，语法上against后接逆流 的事物；例句：You need a lot of strength to swim against the current..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：swim for one's Iife:拼命游；为生存而游：适用于描述处于危险需要通过游泳求生的场景；例句：The sailors had to swim for their lives when the ship sank.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He_ swim)in the lake yesterday.(答案：swam)考法2：考察固定搭配 go swimming;原题：Ioften (go swim)on weekends.(答案：go swimming) (来源：教材) chess 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.:国际象棋；西洋棋 We played chess for an hour.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：chessplayer(棋手)；例句：He is a famous chessplayer.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：draughts:名词，西洋跳棋；例句：Let's play draughts.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：play chess:下棋；适用于描述进行下棋活动的场景，语法上play后直接接chess;例句：They like to play chess after dinner..（来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：a game of chess:一盘棋；适用于描述下棋的具体场次，语法 上a game of后接chess;:例句：I had a game of chess with him yesterday..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配play chess:原题：Ioften (play)chess with my grandfather on weekends.(答案：play) (来源：教材) dance 词义与词性 ■()(V.):跳舞；舞蹈 She loves to dance to fast music.(来源：剑桥词典) ■(n.)(n.):舞蹈；舞会 The dance was really enjoyable..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：dancer;:例句：The dancer performed gracefully on the stage.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：dancing; 例句：They are dancing in the hal.(来源：朗文当代词典)动词过去式和过去分词：danced;例句：She danced all night long.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：prance(v.):欢跃地舞；蹦蹦跳跳地走；例句：The ponies pranced around the field..(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：twim(v.):旋转；例句：She twirled around in her new dress.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：dance to the music::随着音乐跳舞；适用于描述跳舞场景，语法上to后接音乐；例句：People like to dance to the music in the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：have a dance:跳个舞；适用于邀请或表达跳舞行为场景； 例句：Let's have a dance together.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：dance party:舞会；适用于描述活动场景；例句： There will be a dance party this weekend.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Look!They._一(dance)over there.(答案：are dancing)考法2：考察周 定搭配dance to the music;原题：We often the beautiful music..(答案：dance to) (来源：教材) draw 词义与词性 ■()(V.):画；描绘 She drew a beautiful picture of a flower.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):拉；拖；拽 He drew the cart up the hill..(来源：柯林斯词典》 ■(.)(v.):吸引；引起 The movie drew a large audience..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):提取；领取 I need to draw some money from the bank.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■名词：drawing;例句：This is a beautiful drawing.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：drawable;例句：The line is drawable on the paper.(来源：网络权威资料)过去式：drew:例句：He drew a horse yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)过 去分词：drawn;例句：The curtain has been drawn.(来源：柯斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：paint:动词，绘画；例句：She likes to paint landscapes.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：sketch:动词， 素描；例句：He can quickly sketch a portrait.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：pull:动词，拉；例句：Please pull the door.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：draw a picture:画画；适用于描述绘画的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I like to draw a picture in my free time. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：draw one's attention:吸引某人的注意；适用于需要引起他人关注的场景，语法上 one's后接人；例句：The loud noise drew my attention.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：draw up:起草；拟定；适用于起 草文件等场景，语法上后接起草的内容；例句：They drew up a contract..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：draw on:利 用；凭借；适用于借助资源等场景，语法上可直接使用；例句：Ne should draw on our experience.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (draw)a dog on the wal∥ast week.(答案：drew)考法2：考察固定 搭配draw one's attention:原题：The bright light (draw)our attention.(答案：drew) (来源：教材) club 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):俱乐部：社团：会 He's a member of the local tennis club.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):球棒；球杆 a golf club(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：club;现在分词：clubbing;过去式和过去分词：clubbed;例句：They clubbed together to buy a present for their teacher..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：association:名词，协会；社团；例句：The local association is holding a meeting next week.(来源：柯林 斯词典)-近义词：society:名词，社团；社会；例句：The historical society organized a tour of the old buildings.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：join a club:加入一个俱乐部；适用于表达加入社团组织的场景，语法上join后直接接俱乐部名称：例句：I want to join a music club..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：club together:凑钱；共同出钱；适用于多人一起集资做某事的场 景，语法上一般用club together to do sth.;例句：We clubbed together to pay for the party..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语 3:in the club:在俱乐部里；适用于描述在俱乐部内部的场景；例句：They are dancing in the club.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many. (club)in our school.(答案：clubs) (来源：教材) join 词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):加入（组织、团体等）；成为…的一员 He joined the amy last year.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):和…一起；与…一道 Vill you join us for dinnel?(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):连接；接合 Join one section of pipe to the next.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：joiner;例句：My father is a good joiner..(来源：韦氏词典)形容词：joinable;例句：These two parts are joinable.(来源：自建)动词过去式/过去分词：joined(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：She joined the club in2018, (来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：joining(直接加-ing):例句：He is joining a game.(来源：自建) 同近义词 ■近义词：participate(v.):参加，参与；例句：Everyone can participate in this activity.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：attend(v.):参加；例句：I'll attend the meeting tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典)同义词：combine(v.):联 合，结合；例句：Ne should combine theory with practice.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：join in:参加（活动）：适用于描述参与某项活动的场景，语法上in后可接活动名称；例句：Come and join in the party..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：join sb..in(doing)sth.:和某人一起做某事：适用于描述与他人共同进 行某项行为的场景，语法上in后可接名词或动名词；例句：Will you join me in a walk?(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语 3:join up:连接起来；联合起来；适用于描述事物连接或人联合的场景；例句：Join up the dots to form a picture. (来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：join forces(with sb.):(与某人)联合，合作；适用于描述为达成目标而合作的场景； 例句：The two companies joined forces to develop a new product.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (ioin)the English club last month.(答案oined)考法2：考察固定搭 配join sb..in(doing)sth.;原题：'Wyou (clean)the classroom.(答案：join:in cleaning) (来源：教材) speak 词义与词性 ■()(V.):说话；讲话；交谈；适用于日常交流场景，强调说话的动作 I can't speak French.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):演讲；发言；适用于正式场合表达观点的场景 He will speak at the meeting.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):(会)说（某种语言）：适用于描述语言能力的场景 She speaks three languages.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：speaker;:指说话者，演讲者；例句：The speaker gave a wonderful speech.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式：spoke: 例句：He spoke to me yesterday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去分词：spoken;例句：English is widely spoken around the world.(来源：牛津高阶词典)现在分词：speaking:例句：Speaking in public makes him nervous.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：talk(v.):说话；交谈；强调双方交流；例句：We often talk about movies.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： say(v.):说：着重说话内容；例句：He said nothing.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：tell(v.):告诉；强调传递信 息；例句：Please tell me the truth.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：speak up:大声说：适用于需要提高音量让别人听见的场景，语法上为动副结构；例句：Speak up,please. |can't hear you.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：speak out:毫无保留地说出；适用于表达个人观点的场景，语法 上为动副结构；例句：You should speak out your ideas.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：speak to:和…谈话；适用 于描述与他人交流的场景，语法上to后接谈话对象；例句：I need to speak to you.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4： generally speaking::一般来说；适用于引出一般性的观点或陈述，语法上作插入语；例句：Generally speaking,heis a hard-working student..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (speak)at the meeting last week..(答案：spoke)考法2：考察固定 搭配speak to;原题：1 want to_ my teacher about my problem.(答案：speak to) (来源：教材) story 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):故事；小说 She loves to tell stories.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(真实情况的)叙述，描述 Please tell me the whole story.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):新闻报道 The newspaper ran a story about the event.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数：stories(以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加es)例句：Children like listening to bedtime stories.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：tale:名词，故事例句：Grandfather told us a folk tale.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：narrative:名词， 叙述例句：The book presents a narrative of the war..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：tell a story:讲故事；适用于讲述故事的场景，语法上直接使用。例句：My mother often tells me a story before I go to bed.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a true story:真实的故事；适用于描述故事性质，语法上修饰story。例句： This is a true story that happened last year..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：make up a story:编造故事；适用于虚构故事 的场景，语法上直接使用。例句：He likes to make up stories to amuse his friends.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：story time:故事时间；适用于安排讲故事的时段，语法上可作时间状语。例句：It's story time now,kids.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式：原题：There are many interesting ,(stoy)in this book.(答案：stories) (来源：教材) write 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):书写；写字 Write your name on the paper..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):写作；编写 She writes novels in her free time.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v.):写信 I write to my parents once a week.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：vriter;例句：My dream is to be a writer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：writable;例句：This kind of paper is writable.(来源：韦氏大词典)过去式：wrote;例句：He wrote a letter yesterday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)过去分 词：written;例句：The book was written by a famous author.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：compose:动词，创作；例句：He composed a beautiful poem.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：pen:动 词，撰写；例句：She pened an article for the magazine.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：write down:写下；记下；适用于记录信息的场景，语法上down为副词，宾语是代词时要放中间；例句： Nrite down your phone number.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：write to sb.:给某人写信；适用于表达与他人书信 交流的场景；例句：I often write to my friend in America.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：write about::写关于…的 内容；适用于写作主题描述场景；例句：He wrote about his travel experiences..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：write for:为…写作；适用于描述写作目的场景；例句：She writes for a newspaper..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (wrte)a story last night..(答案：wrote)考法2：考察固定搭配wte down:原题：Please_ _these important points.(答案：write down) (来源：教材) tell 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):告诉；告知；讲述 She told me a funny story..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):吩咐；命令 He told the children to be quiet..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):辨别；分辨 Can you tell the difference between these two pictures?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：teller(讲述者；出纳员)；例句：The bank teller counted the money..(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词过去式/过 去分词：told(不规则变化)；例句：He told us a secret last week..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词：telling (直接加-ing);例句：She is telling a lie.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：inform(v.):通知；告知；例句：Please inform me of the latest news.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： relate(v.):讲述；叙述；例句：He related his adventures to us..(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：narrate(v.):讲述； 叙述；例句：The author narrated the story of his childhood.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：te‖sb.about sth.：告诉某人关于某事；适用于描述传递信息的场景，语法上about后接信息内容；例句： Tell me about your school life.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：tell sb.to do sth.:吩咐某人做某事；适用于下达命令 或要求的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：The teacher told us to finish our homework on time.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)短语3：tell a lie:说谎；适用于描述不诚实行为的场景，语法上lie用单数形式；例句：Don't tell a lie.(来 源：柯林斯词典)短语4：tel‖the difference:辨别差异；适用于比较事物的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：Can you tell the difference between the two models?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She (tell)me about her plan yesterday..(答案：told)考法2：考察固定搭 配tell sb.to do sth.:原题：My mother me _(clean)my room.(答案：told:to clean) (来源：教材) show 词义与词性 ■()(V.):展示；显示；给…看 Show me your new dress..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):表明；证明 The results show that we are right..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):演出；节目；展览 I watched a really interesting show last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：show;动词过去式和过去分词：showed;shown;现在分词：showing;例句：He has shown great courage in the face of danger..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：display:动词，展示；例句：They displayed their new products at the fair..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： exhibit::动词，展览；例句：The museum will exhibit some ancient coins.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：show sb.sth.=show sth.tosb.:给某人展示某物；适用于展示物品的场景，语法上双宾语结构：例句：She showed her friends her new house.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：show up:出现；露面；适用于描述人到达某个 场合的场景；例句：He didn't show up at the party.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：show off:炫耀；卖弄；适用于描 述人炫耀自己的成就等场景；例句：He always shows off his knowledge.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：He (show)me his photos yesterday.(答案showed)考法2： 考察固定搭配show sb..sth.:原题：Please._ me your ID card.(答案：show) (来源：教材) or 词义与词性 ■(conj.)(coj.):或者；还是；用于引出另一种可能性 Is it blue or green??(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(conj)(conj):否则；要不然；用于警告或忠告 Hurry up,.or you'll be late.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(coj)(conj.):即；也就是；用于说明或解释前面提到的事物 He studies biophysics,or the science of living things.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■or无词性转换形式 同近义词 ■同义词：either..or.:连词，要么…要么…；例句：You can either come with me or stay at home.（(来源：牛津高 阶词典)；近义词：otherwise:副词，否则；例句：You must go now,otherwise you will miss the train.(来源：柯林斯词典)