七年级上册Unit 8-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

七年级上册Unit8词汇精讲 Unit 8 month [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):月；月份；一个月的时间 We're moving next month.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数：months;规则变化，直接加-s例句：He'll be away for several months.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：calendar month:名词，历月例句：The rent is due every calendar month.(来源：韦氏词典)-近义词： lunation:名词，阴历月例句：The lunation is about29.5days.(来源：《天文学术语词典》) 固定搭配 ■短语1：last month:上个月；适用于描述过去时间的场景，语法上用于一般过去时例句：I went to Beijing last month, (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：next month:下个月；适用于描述将来时间的场景，语法上用于一般将来时例句： She will visit her grandparents next month.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：this month:这个月；适用于描述当前时间 的场景，可用于多种时态例句：I have a lot of work to do this month.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：per month:每 月；适用于描述频率或数量的场景，语法上用于描述平均情况例句：He earns5000 yuan per month.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式：原题：There are twelve (month)in a year.(答案：months) (来源：教材) happy 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):高兴的；快乐的；幸福的；乐意的；愿意的 I'm very happy to see you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):愿意；乐意；愿意做某事 I'I be happy to help you..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):愿意：乐意；乐意接受 I'm happy with your work.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：happily;例句：The children played happily in the park.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：happiness;例句：Money doesn't always bring happiness.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：glad:形容词，高兴的；例句：I'm glad you're here.(来源：牛津高阶词典)同义词：pleased:形容词，高 兴的；例句：We're very pleased with your progress.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：cheerful:形容词，快乐的；例 句：She's always so cheerful..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be happy to do sth.:乐意做某事；适用于表达个人意愿的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：'m happy to help you with your English.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be happy about sth.:对某事感到高兴；适用于描述对 某件事情的感受，语法上about后接名词或动名词；例句：She's happy about her new job.(来源：柯林斯词典)短 语3：be happy with:对…满意；适用于表达对事物的评价，语法上with后接人或物；例句：I'm happy with my new house.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：happy ending:美满的结局；适用于描述故事、电影等的结尾，语法上作名 词短语；例句：The movie has a happy ending.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语；原题：'m very._(happy),to see my old friends.(答案：happy)考法2：考察其名词形式： 原题：We all wish you_(happiness)in the future.(答案：happiness) (来源：教材) when 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):什么时候；何时 When did you arrive?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(conj)(conj.):当…时；在…时候 When I was young,I lived in Paris.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(pron.)(pron.):什么时候；何时 Tel∥me when is convenient for you..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):时间 You need to know the when and the where of the party..(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■无 同近义词 ■近义词：while:conj.,当…时候；例句：While I was reading,she was watching TV.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：as:conj.,当…时；例句：As she walked,she sang.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：when it comes to:当谈到…；适用于引出关于某一话题的讨论场景，语法上to后接名词或动名词；例句： Nhen it comes to sports,he is very active..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：hardly.when.:一…就…；适用于 描述两个动作几乎同时发生的场景，语法上hardly后接过去完成时，hen后接一般过去时；例句：He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作连词，引导时间状语从句，考察时态搭配；原题：When I_一(get)home yesterday,my mother was cooking, (答案：9o)考法2：作疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句：原题： _do you usually go to school??(答案：When) (来源：教材) old 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):年老的；年纪大的 My grandfather is very old..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):古老的；年代久的 This is an old castle.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):过去的：从前的 I met an old friend in the street.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■比较级：older;最高级：oldest;例句：He is older than me.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；另一种比较级：elder;最高级： eldest:用于表示家庭成员间的长幼关系；例句：My elder brother is a doctor..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：aged:形容词，年老的；例句：Aged people need more care.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：ancient:: 形容词，古老的；例句：Ancient Greece had a profound influence on Western civilization.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：how old:多大年纪；适用于询问年龄的场景，语法上how old在句首引导特殊疑问句；例句：How old are you？(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：old enough:足够大；适用于描述年龄达到某种标准的场景，语法上enough 后置；例句：You are old enough to take care of yourself..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：an old hand:老手；适用于描 述在某方面有经验的人，语法上an old hand作名词短语；例句：He is an old hand at fishing.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词的比较级形式：原题：Toms_ (old)than Jack.(答案：older)考法2：考察eder的用法：原题： My (old)sister studies in a university..(答案：elder) (来源：教材) party 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):聚会；派对 We had a great time at the birthday party..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):政党；党派 The party won the election.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):一方；当事人 Both parties agreed to the terms.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：party::意为尽情欢乐；狂欢；例句：They partied all night.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；现在分词：partying;例 句：The students are partying in the hall..(来源：柯林斯词典)；过去式和过去分词：partied;例句：They partied until dawn last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：gathering:名词，聚会；例句：Ne had a small gathering at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：近义词：celebration: 名词，庆祝会；例句：There was a big celebration in the town.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：have a party:举办聚会；适用于描述举办庆祝活动等场景，语法上have为谓语动词；例句：We'‖have a party to celebrate your birthday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：birthday party:生日派对；适用于描述庆祝生日的场景，是名词 短语；例句：'m going to a birthday party..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：political party:政党；适用于政治相关场景，是名词 短语；例句：There are several political parties in this country.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：part of the party:一方当事 人；适用于法律、商务等涉及多方的场景，是名词短语；例句：He is part ofthe party in this contract.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are two(paty)this weekend.(答案：parties):考法2：考察固定搭配 have a party:原题：Ne often__(have)a party on weekends.(答案：have) (来源：教材) first 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):第一的；最初的；首要的 He won the first prize in the competition.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad.)(adw.):首先；第一；最初 First,you need to clean the wound.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):第一个人（或事物）；一等奖；第一名 He was the first to amrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：firstly;用于列举事物等场景；例句：Firstly,'d like to thank everyone for coming.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：primary:形容词，首要的；主要的；例句：The primary purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：initial:形容词，最初的；开始的；例句：The initial reaction of the audience was positive. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：rst of all:首先；用于引出一系列事物或观点中的第一个；适用于陈述顺序的场景，语法上可单独成句；例 句：First of all,,let me introduce myself.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：at first:起初；最初：适用于描述事情开始阶 段的场景，语法上一般位于句首或句中；例句：At first,,I didn't like the book.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：first name: 名字；适用于介绍人名的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：What's your first namet?(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4： first aid:急救；适用于医疗救助场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：He has received training in first aid.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作序数词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词；原题：He is the (one)student to finish the homework.(答案：first) 考法2：考察固定搭配“first of all";原题：」 _(首先)，we should make a plan..(答案：First of al) (来源：教材) fifth 词义与词性 ■(adj)(ad):第五的 He was the fifth person to arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):五分之一 A fifth of the population is unemployed.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■基数词：fve;名词：fifteenth(第十五)；例句：Today is the fifteenth of June.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：quinary:形容词，第五的；例句：The quinary stage is crucial in this process.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the fifth day:第五天；适用于描述时间顺序的场景，语法上th前加定冠词the;例句：We will leave on the fifth day.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a fifth of::五分之一的；适用于描述比例的场景，语法上of后接名词；例 句：A fifth of the students are from abroad.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其基数词和序数词的转换：原题：My birthday is on the -(five)of May..(答案：fih) (来源：教材) third [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):第三的 He was the third person to arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):三分之一 One-third of the students are girls.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-基数词：three;例句：There are three apples on the table.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-副词：thirdly;例句：Thirdly, we need to consider the cost..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：tertiary:形容词，第三的；例句：Tertiary education is important for personal development.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a third:又一；再一；适用于描述数量增加的场景，语法上后接可数名词单数；例句：I'll have a third cup of coffee.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：the third time:第三次；适用于描述事件发生的次数，语法上time 用单数；例句：This is the third time he has been late..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：third party:第三方；适用于 商业、法律等场景，语法上用单数形式；例句：We need to involve a third party in this negotiation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作定语修饰名词：原题：This is my. (third)time to visit the city.(答案：third)考法2：考察 名词词义，用于分数表达：原题：Two-_ (third)of the water has been used.(答案：thirds) (来源：教材) second 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):第二的 He was the second person to arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):秒 The runner finished the race in10 seconds.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):第二名 She came in second in the competition.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):支持；赞成 /second the motion.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-副词：secondly(用于列举事物，意为“其次”)；例句：Secondly,we need to consider the cost.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)-名词：secondment(借调；临时调任)；例句：He is on secondment to another department..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：next(adj):下一个的；例句：Please turn to the next page.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：secondary (ad.):次要的；例句：Health is primary and wealth is secondary.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：second to none:首屈一指；无与伦比；适用于描述事物或人的优秀程度，语法上作表语；例句：Our products are second to none in quality..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in the second place:其次；适用于列举事物，语法上 用于引出第二个要点；例句：In the second place,we don't have enough time.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：second sb.in sth.:在某事上支持某人；适用于表达支持他人的场景，语法上in后接具体的事情；例句：'ll second you in this decision.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在序数词中的用法：原题：He is the (second)child in his family.(答案：second)考法2： 作名词，考察其复数形式：原题：There are60(seconds)in a minute.(答案：seconds) (来源：教材) eighth [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):第八的 He was the eighth person to arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):八分之一 An eighth of the population is affected by the disea se..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■基数词：eight;名词：eighth;形容词：eighth;例句：There are eight students in the group.(来源：朗文当代英语 词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：octaval:形容词，第八的；例句：The octaval stage is very important..(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the eighth day:第八天；适用于描述时间顺序的场景，语法上前面需加定冠词the;例句：Ne will leave on the eighth day..(来源：剑桥词典)短语2：an eighth of:八分之一的；适用于描述数量比例的场景，语法上of后接 被描述的事物；例句：An eighth of the cake is for you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作序数词，考察其在具体语境中的用法：原题：My birthday is on the(eighth)of June.(答案：eighth) (来源：教材) twelfth 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(ad):第十二的 December is the twelfth month of a year..(来源：牛津少儿词典) ■(n)(n.):十二分之一 One twelfth of the cake is for you..(来源：外研社儿童英语词典) 词性转换 ■基数词：twelve;例句：There are twelve apples on the table.(来源：牛津少儿词典)；序数词：twelfth;例句：Heis the twelfth student to come to school.(来源：外研社儿童英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：duodecimal:形容词，第十二的；例句：The duodecimal system is sometimes used in some fields.(来源： 韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the twelfth of..:…月十二日；适用于表达日期的场景，语法上of后接月份；例句：My birthday is the twelfth of May.(来源：外研社儿童英语词典)短语2：a twelfth of..:…的十二分之一；适用于描述分数的场景， 语法上of后接整体事物；例句：A twelfth of the students are boys.（来源：外研社儿童英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察序数词的拼写：原题：My birthday is on the (twelve)of June.(答案：twelfth) (来源：教材) ninth 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):第九的 He was the ninth person to arrive.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):九分之一 One ninth of the students are from abroad.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■基数词：nine;序数词：ninth;例句：There are nine apples on the table.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：nonuple:形容词，九倍的；例句：The nonuple increase in sales is amazing.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the ninth month:第九个月；适用于描述月份顺序的场景，语法上前面要用定冠词the;例句：September is the ninth month of the year..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：one-ninth:九分之一；适用于描述分数的场景，语法上 常作主语、宾语等；例句：One-ninth of the cake is for you.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察序数词的拼写：原题：My birthday is on the」 (nine)of May.(答案：ninth) (来源：教材) twentieth 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):第二十的 He was the twentieth person to arrive.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) ■(n)(n.):三十分之一 One twentieth of the total was lost..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■基数词：twenty;名词复数：twentieths;例句：Three twentieths ofthe students are absent today..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：20th:形容词，第二十的；例句：The party is on the20 th of this month.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the twentieth century:二十世纪；适用于描述时间范围的场景，语法上the后接序数词；例句：Many great inventions were made in the twentieth century..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：one-twentieth:二十分之一；适用于 描述分数的场景，语法上后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词；例句：One-twentieth of the water is polluted..(来源： 朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作序数词，考察其在日期表达中的用法：原题：My birthday is on the _(twentieth)of June.(答案：twentieth) (来源：教材) trip 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):旅行；旅游；出行 Ne went on a day trip to the coast.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：trip;过去式和过去分词：tripped(规则变化，直接加-ed);现在分词：tripping(直接加-ing):例句：She tripped over a stone and fell.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：journey:名词，旅行；例句：The journey to the mountains took three hours.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：travel:名词，旅行；例句：Travel broadens the mind.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：tour:名词，旅游；例句： Ne went on a guided tour of the city..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：take a trip:去旅行；适用于表达去进行一次旅行的场景，语法上take为谓语动词；例句：We're taking a trip to the countryside this weekend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：business trip:商务旅行；适用于商务活动相 关场景；例句：He's away on a business trip.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3：school trip:学校组织的旅行；适用于 学校活动场景；例句：Ne had a great time on our school trip.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：day trip:一日游；适用 于短期旅行场景；例句：Let's go on a day trip to the beach..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：They are planning some._(tnip)for the summer holiday..(答案：trips):考法2：考 察固定搭配“take a tri咖”；原题：Wewi训_ to Beijing next month..(答案：take a trip) (来源：教材) test 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):测验；考查；检查；检验 We have a maths test tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):测验；考查；试验；检验 They tested the new drug on patients.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：test;形容词：testable;例句：This theory is testable through experiments.(来源：韦氏词典)动词现在分词： testing;例句：They are testing the new software.(来源：朗文当代词典)动词过去式和过去分词：tested;例句：