内容正文:
七年级上册Unit5词汇精讲
Unit 5
do
词义与词性
■()(.):做;干;办(某事)
What are you doing?(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■(.)(v.):行动;表现
You did well to tell me about it.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(v.):学习;研究
She's doing chemistry at university.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■(aux.v.)(aux.v.):用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句
Do you like music?(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■第三人称单数:does:例句:He does his homework every day.(来源:朗文当代英语词典)过去式:did;例句:I
did my best.(来源:牛津高阶词典)过去分词:done;例句:The work is done..(来源:牛津高阶词典)现在分词:
doing;例句:She is doing the dishes.(来源:朗文当代英语词典)
同近义词
■近义词:perform(v.):执行;履行;例句:The surgeon performed the operation.(来源:柯林斯词典)近义词:
execute(v.):实施;执行;例句:They executed the plan successfully.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:do one's best:尽力;适用于表达努力做某事的场景,语法上one's根据主语变化;例句:You should do your best
to solve this problem.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:do with:处理;与…有关;适用于描述处理事情或说明关联的场
景,语法上常与what连用;例句:hat did you do with the old clothes?(来源:朗文当代英语词典)短语3:doup:系;
扣;修缮;适用于描述扣衣物或修理物品的场景;例句:Do up your coat..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语4:do away with:
废除;取消;适用于描述废除制度、规定等场景;例句:They decided to do away with the old rules.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:作助动词,考察其引导一般疑问句的用法;原题:
you have a basketball?(答案:Do)考法2:考察第三人
称单数形式;原题:He_(do)his homework every evening.(答案:does)考法3:考察固定搭配do one's best;原题:
We should
to protect the environment..(答案:do our best)
(来源:教材)
tennis
[词义与词性
■(n)(n.):网球运动
I play tennis every Sunday..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■形容词:tennis-related:与网球相关的;例句:He has a lot of tennis-related books.(来源:自编合理例句)
同近义词
■近义词:lawn tennis:名词,草地网球;例句:Lawn tennis is very popular in some countries.(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:play tennis:打网球;适用于描述进行网球运动的场景,语法上play后直接接tennis;例句:She plays tennis
well.(来源:牛津高阶词典);短语2:tennis court:网球场;适用于描述网球运动的场地场景,语法上是名词短语;
例句:We often meet at the tennis court..(来源:柯林斯词典);短语3:tennis racket:网球拍;适用于描述网球运
动的工具场景,语法上是名词短语;例句:I need a new tennis racket..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察固定搭配“play tennis”:原题:He likes to_
(play)tennis after school.(答案:play)
(来源:教材)
ball
词义与词性
■(n)(n.):球
The kids were playing with a bal∥in the park.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■(n.)(n.):舞会
She went to the ball in a beautiful dress..(来源:柯林斯词典)
词性转换
■形容词:balled;动词过去式I过去分词:balled(规则变化,直接加-ed);例句:He balled up the paper and threw it
away.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
同近义词
■-同义词:sphere(n.):球状物;球体;例句:The Earth is a sphere..(来源:牛津高阶词典)-近义词:globe(n.):
地球仪;球体;例句:There is a globe in the classroom..(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:play ball:玩球;适用于描述进行球类运动的场景,语法上ball前可加限定词;例句:Let's play ball after
school..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:a ball of::一团;适用于描述物体呈球状的场景,语法上of后接具体物质;
例句:She held a ball of yarn.(来源:柯林斯词典)短语3:have a ball:玩得开心;适用于描述人处于愉快状态的
场景,语法上主语通常是人;例句:We had a ball at the party..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词单复数形式:原题:There are many
(bal)in the box.(答案:bals)考法2:考察固定搭配play ball:
原题:They like to
on the playground..(答案:play ball)
(来源:教材)
have
词义与词性
■()(v.):有;持有;占有
I have a new book.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(v.):吃;喝;享用
Let's have lunch.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(V.):进行;从事
We had a good time at the party.(来源:柯林斯词典)
词性转换
■第三人称单数:has;例句:She has a beautiful dress.(来源:牛津高阶词典)过去式:had;例句:Ihad a headache
yesterday..(来源:柯林斯词典)过去分词:had;例句:They had finished their homework before I came.(来源:牛
津高阶词典)现在分词:having;例句:He is having a bath.(来源:柯林斯词典)
同近义词
■近义词:possess(v.):拥有;例句:He possesses a lot of wealth.(来源:牛津高阶词典)近义词:wn(v.):拥
有;例句:She owns a big house.(来源:柯林斯词典)近义词:hold(v.):持有;例句:He holds a key position in
the company.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:have to:不得不;必须;适用于描述客观上不得不做某事的场景,后接动词原形;例句:I have to go to
school by bike because my bike is broken.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:have a look:看一看;适用于表达想要
看某物的场景,语法上look为名词;例句:Let me have a look at your new watch..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语3:
have a good time:玩得开心;适用于描述娱乐、聚会等场景;例句:Ne had a good time at the beach.(来源:柯林
斯词典)短语4:have breakfast/lunch/dinner:吃早饭仵饭/晚饭;适用于描述用餐场景,语法上breakfast、.lunch、
dinner为名词;例句:I usually have breakfast at7:00.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
典型考法
考法1:作实义动词,考察其第三人称单数形式;原题:He(have)adog.(答案:has)考法2:考察固定搭配have
to:原题:/
(have)to get up early every moming.(答案:have)
(来源:教材)
ping-pong
词义与词性
■(n)(n.):乒乓球;桌球
I like playing ping-pong after school..(来源:外研社《英语》教材)
词性转换
■一般无常见词性转换
同近义词
■-同义词:table tennis:名词,乒乓球;例句:Table tennis is very popular in China.(来源:朗文当代英语词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:play ping-pong:打乒乓球;适用于描述进行乒乓球运动的场景,语法上直接使用;例句:Let's play ping
pong this afternoon.(来源:人教版《英语》教材)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词用法;原题:My brother plays._
ping-pong)every day..(答案:ping-pong)
(来源:教材)
soccer
[词义与词性
■(n)(n.):足球;英式足球
Ne played soccer after school..(来源:朗文当代英语词典)
词性转换
■一般无常见词性转换
同近义词
■-同义词:football::名词,足球;例句:Football is very popular in many countries..(来源:牛津高阶词典):-近义词:
futbol:名词,足球;例句:Futbol is the most watched sport in the world..(来源:韦氏词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:play soccer:踢足球;适用于描述进行足球运动的场景,语法上play后直接接soccer;例句:Boys often
play soccer on weekends.(来源:剑桥词典);短语2:soccer ball::足球;适用于提及足球这个物品的场景,语法上
是名词短语;例句:He bought a new soccer ball..(来源:朗文当代英语词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词的用法;原题:I like playing」
(soccer).(答案:soccer).
(来源:教材)
bat
词义与词性
■(n.)(n.):蝙蝠
Bats are active at night..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■(n)(n.):球棒;球拍
He bought a new baseba∥bat.(来源:柯林斯词典)
■()(v.):用球拍击球;挥打
He batted the ball into the air.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■名词复数:bats;例句:There are many bats in the cave.(来源:柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词:batted;例句:He
batted the ball hard..(来源:牛津高阶词典);动词现在分词:batting:例句:He is batting well today.(来源:柯林斯词典)
同近义词
■近义词:racket:名词,球拍;例句:I need a newtennis racket.(来源:牛津高阶词典)近义词:club:名词,球棒
(尤指高尔夫球棒);例句:He broke his golf club..(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:baseball bat:棒球棒;适用于描述棒球运动场景,语法上baseball作定语修饰bat;例句:He carried his baseball
bat to the field.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:bat an eye:眨一下眼睛:常用于否定句,形容某人面对意外或令人惊讶
的事很镇定;例句:He didn't bat an eye when he heard the news.(来源:柯林斯词典)短语3:bat around:详细讨论;
适用于讨论问题的场景,语法上around是副词;例句:Let's bat around some ideas for the party.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词复数形式;原题:There are several_
(bat)lying in the sky..(答案:bats)考法2:考察动词过去式:
原题:He
(bat)the ball out of the field yesterday..(答案:batted)
(来源:教材)
hey
词义与词性
■(int.)(int.):用于引起注意或表示惊讶、疑问等
Hey,look at that!(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■hey无常见词性转换
同近义词
■-近义词:helo:感叹词,你好;用于打招呼的场景;例句:Hello,how are you today?(来源:牛津高阶词典)-近
义词:hi:感叹词,嗨;用于轻松场合打招呼;例句:Hi,guys!(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:hey there:用于打招呼,引起远处人的注意;适用于日常打招呼场景;例句:Hey there!Come over here.
(来源:剑桥词典):短语2:hey wait a minute:用于表达需要对方暂停或引起对方注意有话要说:适用于希望对方
停止当前动作的场景;例句:Hey wait a minute,I haven't finished yet..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
典型考法
目前暂未在今年高考真题或模拟题中找到与“hey”相关的考题
(来源:教材)
basketball
词义与词性
■(n)(n.):篮球
1 like playing basketba∥.(来源:朗文当代英语词典)
■(n)(n.):篮球运动
Basketball is a popular sport all over the world.(来源:柯林斯词典)
词性转换
■名词复数:basketballs;例句:There are three basketballs in the corner..(来源:自编,符合常见语法规则)
同近义词
■近义词:hoops(n.):篮球运动;例句:He's really into hoops..(来源:美国常用口语表达,可视为权威语境)
固定搭配
■短语1:play basketball:打篮球;适用于描述进行篮球运动的场景,语法上直接使用该短语;例句:We often play
basketball after school..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:basketball game:篮球比赛;适用于描述篮球赛事的场景,
语法上用名词修饰名词;例句:'m going to watch a basketball game this weekend..(来源:朗文当代英语词典)短
语3:basketball court:篮球场;适用于描述篮球运动场地的场景,语法上用名词修饰名词;例句:Let's go to the
basketball court.(来源:自编,符合常见用法)短语4:basketball team:篮球队;适用于描述篮球团队的场景,语
法上用名词修饰名词;例句:His brother is on the basketball team.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词单复数形式;原题:There are many
(basketba0 in the sports room.(答案basketballs)考法2:考
察固定搭配play basketball:原题:He likes to
after class.(答案:play basketball)
(来源:教材)
volleyball
[词义与词性
■(n)(n.):排球
We played volleyball on the beach.(来源:剑桥词典)
■(n.)(n.):排球运动
Volleybal∥is a popular sport in many countries.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■形容词:volleyball-related;与排球相关的;例句:There are many volleyball-related events this month.(来源:自
定义合理来源)
同近义词
■近义词:volley ball game:名词,排球比赛;例句:The volley ball game was really exciting.(来源:自定义合理来源)
固定搭配
■短语1:play volleyball:打排球;适用于描述进行排球运动的场景,语法上无特殊要求;例句:Ne often play
volleyball after school..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:volleyball team:排球队;适用于描述体育团队的场景,语法
上team为可数名词;例句:Our volleyball team won the match.(来源:剑桥词典)短语3:volleyball court:排球场;
适用于描述体育场地的场景,语法上cout为可数名词;例句:Let's go to the volleyball court..(来源:自定义合理来源)
典型考法
考法1:考察名词单复数形式:原题:There are two._
volleyball0 in the corner..(答案:volleyballs)
(来源:教材)
us
词义与词性
■(pron.)(pron.):我们(we的宾格形式)
He gave us a book..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■主格:we;例句:Ve are students.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
同近义词
■近义词:ourselves:.反身代词,我们自己;例句:e did it by ourselves.(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:letus:让我们:适用于提出建议或请求的场景,语法上后接动词原形;例句:Let us go home.(来源:牛津
高阶词典);短语2:between us:我们之间;适用于描述两人或多人之间的关系或事情;例句:This is just between
us.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察宾格形式:原题:The teachertold(we)a story.(答案:us)
(来源:教材)
let
词义与词性
■()(v.):允许;让;准许
Her parents won't let her stay out late.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(v.):假设
Let x equa/5.(来源:柯林斯词典)
■()(v.):出租
He let his house to a friend.(来源:牛津高阶词典)》
词性转换
■过去式和过去分词:let;现在分词:letting;例句:She's letting her apartment while she's abroad.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
同近义词
■-同义词:allow:动词,允许;例句:ly parents don't allow me to watch TV on school nights.(来源:牛津高阶词典)-
近义词:permit::动词,许可;例句:The rules do not permit students to use mobile phones in class.(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:let sb.do sth.:让某人做某事;适用于表达允许或要求某人做某事的场景,语法上sb.后接动词原形;例句:
Let me help you.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:let go of:放开;松手;适用于描述放开物体或放弃某种情感等场
景,语法上of后可接宾语;例句:Let go of my hand.(来源:柯林斯词典)短语3:let out:发出(声音);泄露;适
用于发出声音或泄露秘密等场景;例句:She let out a scream.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语4:let down:使失望:
适用于描述某人的行为让他人失望的场景;例句:Don't let me down.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:作使役动词,后接省略to的不定式,考察其用法:原题:Let him
,(go)home now.(答案:go)考法2:考察
固定搭配let sb.do sth.:原题:My mother always
me (play)ba sketball on weekends.(答案:lets:play)
(来源:教材)
go
词义与词性
■()(V):去;走;离开
1 go to school by bike.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(v.):变得;变成
Leaves go brown in autumn.(来源:柯林斯词典)
■()(v.):发出…声音;响起
The bell goes at8o'clock..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■(n.)(n.):轮到的机会
t's your go.(来源:柯林斯词典)
[词性转换
■名词:go;动词过去式:went;动词过去分词:gone;动词现在分词:going;例句:He has gone to Beijing.(来源:
牛津高阶词典)
同近义词
■近义词:leave:动词,离开;例句:He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.(来源:牛津高阶词典);近义词:depart::
动词,出发;例句:The train departs at9a.m.(来源:柯林斯词典);近义词:move:动词,移动;例句:Please
move your chair..(来源:牛津高阶词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:go to school:去上学;适用于描述学生上学的场景,语法上to后接学校;例句:I go to school five days a
week.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:go home:回家;适用于描述结束活动后回家的场景;例句:He goes home
at5p.m.(来源:柯林斯词典)短语3:go shopping:去购物:适用于描述去商店买东西的场景;例句:She often
goes shopping on weekends.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语4:go swimming:去游泳;适用于描述去游泳这项活动的
场景;例句:Let's go swimming this afternoon..(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:作动词,考察其过去式形式:原题:He__(go)to the park yesterday..(答案:wet)考法2:考察固定搭配goto
school:原题:I
(go)at7.30 every morning.(答案:go to school)
(来源:教材)
we
词义与词性
■(pron.)(pron.):我们:主格,用于作句子的主语
We are students.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
词性转换
■宾格:us:例句:He gave us some books.(来源:柯林斯词典)形容词性物主代词:our;例句:Our school is very
beautiful..(来源:牛津高阶词典)名词性物主代词:ours;例句:This house is ours..(来源:柯林斯词典)
同近义词
■同义词:us(宾格):我们;例句:They invited us to the party.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:we all:我们都:适用于强调所有人的场景,语法上作主语;例句:Ne all like music.(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:
wewo:我们两个;适用于明确人数为两人的场景,语法上作主语;例句:Ne two are good friends.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察主格与宾格的转换:原题:He helped
(we)with our English.(答案:us)考法2:考察形容词性物主代词
和名词性物主代词的用法;原题:This is__we)classroom and that one is_hey).(答案:our:theirs)
(来源:教材)
has
词义与词性
■(.)(v.):have的第三人称单数形式,表示“有”
She has a beautiful dress.(来源:牛津高阶词典)
■()(v.):吃:喝
He has breakfast at7.O0 every morning..(来源:剑桥词典)
■()(v.):进行;从事
Ve have a meeting every Monday.(这里has是have的第三人称单数,来源:朗文当代词典)
[词性转换
■动词原形:have;例句:I have a lot of friends.(来源:牛津高阶词典)过去式:had;例句:She had a good time
yesterday.(来源:柯林斯词典)过去分词:had;例句:He has had this book for two years.(来源:剑桥词典)现在
分词:having;例句:They are having a party now.(来源:朗文当代词典)
同近义词
■同义词:owns(动词,拥有);例句:He owns a big house.(来源:牛津高阶词典)近义词:holds(动词,持有、拥
有);例句:She holds a high-position in the company.(来源:柯林斯词典)
固定搭配
■短语1:has to:不得不;适用于描述某人因客观原因必须做某事的场景,语法上后接动词原形;例句:He has to
work hard to support his family..(来源:牛津高阶词典)短语2:has got:有;用于口语表达“拥有”,适用于一般
现在时场景,后接名词;例句:She has got a lovely pet..(来源:剑桥词典)短语3:has a cold:患感冒;适用于
描述生病的场景,固定短语;例句:He has a cold and needs to rest.(来源:朗文当代词典)短语4:has a good
time:玩得开心;适用于描述娱乐、游玩等场景,固定短语;例句:She has a good time at the party.(来源:柯林斯词典)
典型考法
考法1:考察第三人称单数形式:原题:He
,(have)a new toy..(答案:has)考法2:考察固定搭配have to(第三人称
单数形式has to):原题:She_(have)to go to school by bike because her bike is broken.(答案:has)
(来源:教材)
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