七年级上册Unit 3-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

七年级上册Unit3词汇精讲 Unit 3 pencil 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):铅笔 I use a pencil to write.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词复数：pencils;例句：There are many pencils in the box.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：pen:名词，钢笔；例句：I prefer to write with a pen.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：crayon:名词，蜡 笔；例句：The child is drawing with a crayon.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：pencil case:铅笔盒；适用于存放文具的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Put your pencils in the pencil case (来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：pencil sharpener:铅笔刀；适用于削铅笔的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：I need a pencil sharpener to sharpen my pencil.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短语3：pencil drawing:铅笔画；适用 于艺术创作场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：This pencil drawing is very beautiful..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：I have two】 (pe ncil0.(答案：pencils) (来源：教材) eraser 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):橡皮擦；黑板擦 Please pass me the eraser.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：erase;擦除，抹去；例句：He erased the mistake on the blackboard.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：rubber:名词，橡皮擦；例句：I can't find my rubber.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：an eraser:一块橡皮擦；适用于描述橡皮擦数量为一个的场景，语法上用不定冠词an修饰：例句：Ineed an eraser to correct my mistakes..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：a pencil eraser:铅笔橡皮擦；适用于区分不同 类型橡皮擦的场景，语法上用名词pencil作定语修饰eraser;例句：This is a pencil eraser..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：I have two (eraser).(答案：erasers) (来源：教材) book 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):书；书籍；著作 I've read this book before..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):预订，预约（座位、票、房间等） I've booked a table for two at the restaurant..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：book;动词：book;形容词：bookable;例句：This hotel room is bookable online.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词 过去式I过去分词：booked(规则变化，直接加-ed)例句：She booked a flight to Paris last week.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)动词现在分词：booking(直接加-ing)例句：He is booking tickets for the concert.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：volume:名词，卷；册；书籍例句：This library has many rare volumes.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： reserve:动词，预订，预约例句：'d like to reserve a room for tonight..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：book a ticket:预订一张票；适用于预订车票、机票等场景，语法上book后接预订的对象；例句：Ibooked a ticket to Beijing.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：book a room:预订一个房间：适用于预订酒店房间等场景，语 法上book后接预订的房间；例句：Ne booked a room in the hotel..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：book for:为 预订；适用于说明预订的目的场景，语法上for后接预订服务的对象；例句：I booked a table for my family.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)；短语4：a book of:一本…的书；适用于描述书的内容场景，语法上of后接书的具体内容；例 句：A book of stories is very interesting.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She_ (book)a ticket to Shanghai yesterday..(答案booked)考法2：考察 固定搭配book sth.for sb:原题：I want to a seat _my friend.(答案：book:for) (来源：教材) schoolbag 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):书包 My schoolbag is very heavy.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：schoolbags;例句：There are many schoolbags in the classroom.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：backpack:名词，背包；例句：He always carries a backpack to school..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： satchel::名词，书包；例句：The little girl carried a satchel on her way to school.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a schoolbag of::一包…；适用于描述书包里装着某物的场景，语法上of后接物品；例句：There is a schoolbag of books on the fl1oor.(来源：外研社汉英小词典)；短语2：put...in the schoolbag:把…放进书包里；适 用于描述放置物品的场景，语法上put后接物品；例句：Put your books in the schoolbag.(来源：小学英语教材)： 短语3：take out of the schoolbag:从书包里拿出；适用于描述拿出物品的场景，语法上take后接物品：例句：Take your pencil out of the schoolbag.(来源：小学英语教材)；短语4：carry a schoolbag:背着书包；适用于描述携带 书包的场景，语法上carry后直接接schoolbag;例句：She always carries a schoolbag to school.(来源：小学英语教材) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：There are two (schoolbag)on the desk..(答案：schoolbags) (来源：教材) dictionary 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):词典；字典；辞书 You can look up this word in the dictionary.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：dictionaries;:遵循以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变复数规则，变y为i再加es;例句：There are many dictionaries in the library.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：lexicon:名词，词典；例句：This lexicon is very useful for students.(来源：韦氏大词典)-近义词：glossary: 名词，词汇表；例句：The book has a glossary at the end..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：look sth.up in a dictionary:在词典中查找某物；适用于查找单词释义的场景，语法上look up后接要查找的 内容；例句：If you don't know the word,look it up in a dictionary..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：consult a dictionary: 查阅词典；适用于需要获取词汇信息的场景，语法上consult.后直接接词典；例句：You should consult a dictionary when you encounter new words.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：a bilingual dictionary:双语词典；适用于描述词典类 型的场景，语法上bilingual修饰dictionary:例句：I bought a bilingual dictionary to learn English..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：I have two」 (dictiona ry).(答案：dictionaries》 (来源：教材) box 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n):箱；盒；匣 He put the books in a large box.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):一箱（或一盒）的量 a box of chocolates(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):把…装入盒中 Box the toys up,.please.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):拳击 He likes to box in his free time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)》 词性转换 ■名词复数：boxes(一般情况，名词以-x结尾，变复数加-es);例句：There are several boxes in the corner..(来源：牛 津高阶词典)动词过去式I过去分词：boxed(规则变化，直接加-ed):例句：He boxed the books yesterday.(来源： 柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：boxing(规则变化，直接加-ing);例句：He is boxing with his friend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：case:名词，箱子；例句：I put my clothes in a suitcase.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：container:名词， 容器；例句：We need a large container to store these things.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a box of:一盒/箱；适用于描述物品数量为一盒或一箱的场景，语法上后接可数名词复数或不可数名词； 例句：a box of matches(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：box office:票房；适用于电影、演出等票务销售相关场景； 例句：The movie has a high box office..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：box up:把…装箱；适用于整理物品并装入箱 中的场景，语法上后接物品；例句：Box up these old clothes.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：box with:与…进行拳 击比赛；适用于拳击运动场景，语法上后接对手；例句：He boxed with his teammate.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式：原题：There are three (box)on the table.(答案：boxes)考法2：考察动词的过去式： 原题：He (box)the presents last night..(答案：boxed) (来源：教材) me 词义与词性 ■(pron)(pron.):我(I的宾格形式，作动词或介词的宾语) He gave me a book.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■主格：l;例句：I am a student.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；形容词性物主代词：my;例句：This is my pen.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)；名词性物主代词：mine;例句：This book is mine.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：myself::反身代词，我自己；例句：I can do it by myself..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：let me:让我；适用于表达请求或建议的场景，语法上后接动词原形；例句：Let me help you.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)；短语2：tell me:告诉我：适用于需要获取信息的场景，语法上后接告知的内容；例句：Tell me the tuth.(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：for me:对我来说；适用于描述事物对某人的影响或意义的场景，语法上一般 置于句末；例句：This book is very interesting for me..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：with me:和我一起；适用于 描述伴随的场景，语法上可置于句首或句末；例句：Come with me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察宾格形式作宾语：原题：He saw (l)in the street.(答案：me) (来源：教材) thank 词义与词性 ■()(v.):感谢；道谢；谢谢 Thank you for your help.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):感谢；谢意；感激 Many thanks for the lovely present..(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：thankful:感激的；例句：I'm thankful to you for your kindness.(来源：柯林斯词典)；名词：thanks;感谢； 例句：Give my thanks to your parents.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词过去式/过去分词：thanked;规则变化，直接 加-ed;例句：He thanked me for the advice.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：thanking;去e加-ing;例句： She is thanking the guests..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：appreciate(v.):感激；欣赏；例句：I appreciate your support.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：grateful (ad.):感激的；例句：'m grateful for your help.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：thank sb.for sth.:因某事感谢某人；适用于表达感谢的场景，语法上for后接感谢的原因；例句：Thank you for your invitation.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：thanks to:多亏；由于；适用于说明原因的场景；例句：Thanks to your help,I finished the work on time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3：give thanks for:为…表示感谢；适用于 感恩的场景；例句：Ne should give thanks for our happy life.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：no thanks to:并非由于； 例句：He passed the exam no thanks to his teacher..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：She(thank)him for the gift yesterday..(答案：thanked):考法2：考察固 定搭配thank sb..for sth.;原题：We should_.our parents.__their love.(答案：thank:for) (来源：教材) excuse 词义与词性 ■()(.)：原谅；宽恕；为…辩解 Excuse me for interrupting you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):借口；理由；辩解 His excuse for being late was that he missed the bus.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■名词：excuse;形容词：excusable;可原谅的；例句：His mistake is excusable considering his inexperience.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：excused;现在分词：excusing;例句：He excused himself from the meeting (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：pardon:动词，原谅；例句：Pardon me for my rudeness.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：forgive:动 词，宽恕；例句：She forgave him for his mistake.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：excuse sb.for sth.:因某事原谅某人；适用于表达原谅他人过错的场景，语法上for后接原谅的原因；例句： Excuse me for my bad behavior..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：excuse oneself:为自己辩解；借口离开；适用于需 要离开某个场合或为自己的行为解释的场景；例句：He excused himself and went to the restroom.(来源：柯林斯词 典)短语3：make an excuse:找借口；适用于为自己的行为找理由的场景；例句：He always makes an excuse for his laziness.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：no excuse:没有借口；适用于强调不能找理由的场景；例句：There is no excuse for your carelessness.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He(excuse)himself and left the room.(答案：excused)考法2：考察固 定搭配excuse sb.forsth.;原题：Please_ me ,my being late.(答案：excuse::for) (来源教材) yours 词义与词性 ■(pron.)(pron.):你的：你们的；用于书信结尾 Yours sincerely,.John Smith.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(pron.)(pron.):你（们）的东西；属于你（们）的东西 Is this book yours?(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：your;例句：Your room is very tidy.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：thine:代词，你的（古英语用法）；例句：Thine is the kingdom.(来源：圣经) 固定搭配 ■短语1：yours truly:用于书信结尾或口语中，相当于“我”；适用于书信或自我介绍场景，语法上作主语或宾语；例 句：Yours truly will be at the party.(来源：韦氏词典)短语2：yours faithfully:用于正式书信结尾；适用于商务或正 式书信场景；例句：Yours faithfully,Mr.Brown.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察物主代词yours的用法：原题：This pen is (you).(答案：yous) (来源：教材) teacher 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):教师；教员；老师；先生 The teacher told the children to stop talking.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：teach;例句：She teaches languages at high school..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；形容词：teachable:可教的；例 句：The dog is very teachable.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：educator:名词，教育工作者；例句：Many educators believe in hands-on learning.(来源：柯林斯词典)； 近义词：instructor:名词，指导者；例句：The skiing instructor showed us how to stop.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：primary school teacher:小学教师；适用于描述教师工作的学校类型场景，语法上直接使用；例句：My dream is to be a primary school teacher..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：English teacher:英语老师；适用于描述 教师所教科目场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Our English teacher is very kind..(来源：朗文当代英语词典)：短语3： teacher training:师资培训；适用于教育领域培训场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Teacher training is very important for the education system.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：head teacher::校长；适用于学校管理相关场景，语法上直 接使用；例句：The head teacher made an important speech.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many (teacher)in our school..(答案：teachers) (来源：教材) about [词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):关于；对于 Tell me about your school..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):在…各处；围绕 We walked about the town.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):大约：左右 t's about ten o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):到处；四处 She turned the handle and looked about..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■无 同近义词 ■近义词：around(prep.Iadw.):围绕；大约；近义词：regarding(prep.):关于；近义词：concerning(prep.):关于； 固定搭配 ■短语1：about to do sth:即将做某事：适用于描述即将发生的动作场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：The train is about to leave..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：talk about::谈论关于·；适用于交流信息、观点等场景，语法上 about后接谈论的内容；例句：Let's talk about our plans..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：care about:关心；在乎；适 用于表达情感态度的场景，语法上about后接关心的对象；例句：She doesn't care about what others think..(来源： 牛津高阶词典)短语4：learn about:了解；学习关于；适用于获取知识信息的场景，语法上about后接了解的内 容；例句：Ne learn about different cultures at school..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配about to do sth.;原题：He was(about)leave when I arrived.(答案：about)考法2：考察作介 词，后接宾语；原题：I know a lot_(about)animals.(答案：about) (来源：教材) welcome 词义与词性 ■()(V.):欢迎；迎接 They welcomed the new students at the school gate.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):受欢迎的 You are always welcome in our home.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):欢迎；迎接 The new policy got a warm welcome from the public..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：welcome;形容词：welcome;动词过去式和过去分词：welcomed;现在分词：welcoming;例句：The guests were warmly welcomed at the party..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：greet:动词，迎接；例句：She greeted her friends with a big smile.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：receive: 动词，接待；例句：They received the foreign visitors politely.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：welcome sb..to:欢迎某人到…；适用于迎接某人到达某个地方的场景，语法上to后接地点：例句： Nelcome you to our city.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：you're welcome:不客气；用于回应别人的感谢：例句： -Thank you very much.-You're welcome.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：give sb.a warm welcome:热烈欢迎某人；适 用于正式或非正式的欢迎场合；例句：They gave the hero a warm welcome..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：They(welcome)the guests yesterday.(答案：welcomed)考法2：考察 固定搭配welcome sb.to;原题：We should_ the new classmates our class.(答案：welcome:to) (来源：教材) help 词义与词性 ■()(v.):帮助；协助；援助 Could you help me carry this box?:(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):有助于；有利于 Regular exercise helps your health..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):帮助：援助 I need some help with my homework.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：helpful(有帮助的)；例句：Your advice was very helpful..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：helpless(无助 的)；例句：The baby bird was helpless on the ground.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过去分词：helped(规则 变化，直接加-ed);例句：She helped her mother yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：helping(直接 加-ing):例句：He is helping his friend with the project.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：assist:动词，帮助；协助；例句：The nurse assisted the doctor in the operation..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：aid:动词，帮助；援助；例句：They came to aid the flood-victims.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：help sb.with sth.:帮助某人做某事；适用于描述帮助他人完成某项事务的场景，语法上with后接具体事务； 例句：She helps her parents with housework.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：help(to)do sth.:帮助做某事；适用于描 述协助完成某个动作的场景，to可省略；例句：I can help(to)clean the room.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：can't help doing sth.:忍不住做某事；适用于描述无法控制自己做某事的场景，语法上后接动词-ing形式；例句：She couldn't help laughing when she heard the joke.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：with the help of:在…的帮助下；适用于描述 借助他人或事物的力量完成某事的场景；例句：With the help ofthe teacher,I improved my English.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (help)an old man cross the road last week.(答案：helped)考法2： 考察固定搭配help sb.with sth..:原题：My sister often._ me my English.(答案：helps;with) (来源：教材) for 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):为了；给；对…来说 This present is for you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):因为；由于 Thank you for your help.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):持续（一段时间） I've lived here for five years.(来源：牛津高阶词典) (prep.)(prep.):代表；象征 P stands for Parking.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■for为介词，无常见词性转换形式。 同近义词 ■-近义词：to:介词，为了例句：I bought a gift to my friend.(来源：部分语法书，注：此处to表目的与for近义)； 近义词：because of::介词短语，因为例句：He was late because of the traffic jam.(来源：牛津高阶词典)