Unit 6 课时8 Project & Review & Self-assessment（分层作业）英语仁爱科普版2024八年级上册

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 课时8 Project&Review&self-assessment分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 词汇 1. file n.档案；卷宗；文件夹 2. born v.出生 3. publish v.（使）发表;出版 4. prove v.证明;证实 5. strange adj.奇怪的;奇特的 6. comet n.彗星 7. snowball n.雪球 8. Pluto n.冥王星 9. freeze v.（使）冻结，结冰 10. being n.生物;存在 句型 1. He studied some subjects and then became an officer in a Roman church. 他学习了一些科目，随后成为罗马教会的一名官员。 2. In his spare time, Copernicus liked to watch the sky. 闲暇时，哥白尼喜欢观测天空。 3. He put forward many ideas about the solar system. 他提出了许多关于太阳系的观点。 4. For example, the earth and other planets travel around the sun. 例如，地球和其他行星都围绕太阳运行。 5. Copernicus published his ideas in a book in 1543, but his book didn’t change people’s view about the universe. 哥白尼于1543年将他的观点集结成书出版，但他的著作并未改变人们对宇宙的看法。 6. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun. 冥王星绕太阳运行一周大约需要248个地球年。 Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth. 冥王星与太阳的距离约为地球与太阳距离的40倍。 ) ( 8. To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to it. 为了更清楚地观测这颗行星及其卫星，科学家发射了一艘航天器近距离飞掠探测。 9. Scientists put the pictures together and learned more about Pluto. 科学家将拍摄的图像进行整合，从而对冥王星有了更多了解。 10. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow. 这颗行星表面温度极低，空气中的气体会凝结成雪状物质。 ) 一、单词拼写 1．She when the policeman pointed the gun at her. (freeze) 【答案】froze 【详解】句意：当警察用枪指着她时，她僵住了。根据“when the policeman pointed the gun at her”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，横线处需填动词过去式，freeze“冻住；僵住”，动词，其过去式为froze。故填froze。 2．This river is much w than that one. 【答案】(w)ider 【详解】句意：这条河比那条河宽得多。根据“This river is much...than that one.”和首字母可知，此处是宽度的比较。wider“更宽的”符合语境。故填(w)ider。 3．Tom went to bed without drinking water. So when morning came, he felt much (口渴的). 【答案】thirstier 【详解】句意：汤姆睡觉时没有喝水。所以到了早上，他感觉非常口渴。“口渴的”为thirsty，形容词。根据“much”可知，其修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示“……得多”。故填thirstier。 4．The more (care) you do your homework, the fewer mistakes you will make. 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：你做作业越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。根据后文“the fewer”可知，本题考查“the +比较级，the +比较级”结构。空格处修饰的是动词“do your homework”，应用副词修饰。care对应的副词是carefully“认真地”，carefully的比较级为more carefully。故填carefully。 5．This mistake is s (类似的) to the one you made in yesterday’s homework. 【答案】(s)imilar 【详解】句意：这个错误和你在昨天作业里犯的那个错误类似。根据汉语以及首字母提示，similar“相似的”，符合语境，be similar to是固定短语，意为“与……类似”。故填(s)imilar。 6．Copernicus (publish) his book about the solar system in 1543, showing that the Sun is much more central than Earth in the universe. 【答案】published 【详解】句意：哥白尼于1543年出版了他关于太阳系的著作，表明太阳在宇宙中的中心地位远胜于地球。句中有明确的时间状语“in 1543”，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，publish的过去式是published。故填published。 7．The average temperature on Mars is around m 60 ℃ throughout the year. 【答案】(m)inus 【详解】句意：火星全年的平均温度在零下60℃左右。根据“The average temperature on Mars is around... 60 ℃ throughout the year.”和首字母可知，此处指零下60℃左右，应填minus“零下”。故填(m)inus。 8．The d between Earth and the Sun is about 150 million kilometers, which is just right for life to exist. 【答案】(d)istance 【详解】句意：地球与太阳之间的距离约为1.5亿公里，这个距离恰好适合生命存在。根据题干中“between Earth and the Sun”及科学常识可知，此处指“距离”，distance“距离”，名词作主语。故填(d)istance。 9．Do you know (something) about how stars are born? 【答案】anything 【详解】句意：你知道关于恒星是如何形成的事情吗？此句是疑问句，something用于肯定句中，此处应用anything，用于疑问句。故填anything。 10．Copernicus (prove) that Earth moves around the Sun. 【答案】proved 【详解】句意：哥白尼证明了地球绕着太阳转。prove“证明”，动词，主句动作发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用动词过去式。故填proved。 二、单项选择 11．—How was the trip last week? —Great! It was ________ than before. A．more much interesting B．much more interesting C．much interesting D．very interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——上周的旅行怎么样？——太棒了！它比以前有趣得多。 考查形容词比较级。more much interesting形式错误，much修饰比较级应放在比较级前；much more interesting有趣得多，much修饰形容词比较级；much interesting形式错误，much一般不修饰形容词原级；very interesting非常有趣的，very修饰形容词原级。根据空后“than before”可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，much可修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”。故选B。 12．The little boy carried the pile of books for a long time. Slowly the books became ________. He was nearly unable to carry on. A．more heavier B．much heavier C．quite heavier D．very heavy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩把那堆书搬了很久。慢慢地，书变得更重了。他几乎无法继续下去。 考查形容词比较级和修饰词。more更，后跟形容词原级；much非常、很，副词，其后可接形容词比较级；quite/very很，副词，后接形容词原级；heavier更重的，形容词比较级；heavy重的，形容词原级。根据“He was nearly unable to carry on.”可知，小男孩“长时间搬运书”，身体逐渐疲劳，主观上会觉得书的重量在增加，用“much heavier”能体现这种“主观感受上的重量变化”，而原级“very heavy”无法表现动态的递进过程，因此“much heavier”是符合语法和语境的选项。故选B。 13．—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has ________ history than the USA． A．oldest; much long B．the oldest; very longer C．the oldest; much longer D．oldest; more longer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——中国有5000多年的历史。它是世界上最古老的国家之一。 ——是的，它比美国的历史长得多。考查形容词最高级和比较级的用法。根据“It’s one of ... countries in the world.”可知，“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“最…… 之一”，所以第一空用“the oldest”；根据“It has ... history than the USA.”可知，第二空后有than，需用比较级，long的比较级是longer，much可修饰比较级加强程度，very不能修饰比较级。故选C。 14．I felt much ________ after I shared my feelings with my close friends. A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我和亲密的朋友分享了我的感受后，我感觉好多了。 考查形容词比较级。good好的，形容词原级；well好地，副词；better更好的，good/well的比较级；best最好的，good/well的最高级。 根据“much”可知，much常用来修饰比较级，且此处表达“分享感受后比之前感觉更好”，应用比较级better。故选C。 15．The more careful you are, ________ mistakes you will make, I believe. A．the fewer B．the less C．the most D．the best 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我相信你越细心，犯的错误就会越少。 考查比较级结构。the fewer更少的，修饰可数名词复数；the less更少的，修饰不可数名词；the most最多的；the best最好的。根据“The more careful you are, ... mistakes you will make”可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，且mistakes是可数名词复数，所以用the fewer修饰。故选A。 16．I think there will be ________ air pollution when there are ________ cars. A．less; less B．less; fewer C．fewer; fewer D．fewer; less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为当汽车更少时，空气污染将会更少。 考查形容词比较级的用法。less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词；fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。第一个空，air pollution为不可数名词，所以用less来修饰；第二个空，cars为可数名词复数，所以用fewer来修饰。故选B。 17．—How terrible Typhoon Bebinca is! —Exactly! It seemed much ________ than Typhoon Pulasan. A．strong B．stronger C．more stronger D．strongest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——台风“贝碧嘉”太可怕了！——确实！它似乎比台风“普拉桑”强得多。 考查形容词比较级。根据句中“than”可知此处需用比较级，且“strong”为单音节词，比较级直接加“-er”。故选B。 18．________ kids learn to be independent, ________ it is for their future. A．Early; good B．The earlier; the better C．The earliest; the best D．Earlier; better 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。 考查形容词比较级的用法。“the+比较级，the+比较级”是一个固定结构，表示“越……就越……”。“early”的比较级是“earlier”，“good”的比较级是“better”。所以根据这个结构和语义，应该用“The earlier；the better”。故选B。 19．________ Mars ________ Venus has as much water as Earth does; our planet is unique in the solar system. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火星和金星都没有地球那么多的水；我们的星球在太阳系中是独一无二的。 考查并列连词辨析。Neither…nor…既不……也不……；Either…or…要么……要么……；Both…and………和……都是；Not only…but also…不仅……而且……。根据“has as much water as Earth does”可知，这两个星球的水都没有地球多，表示两者都否定，用Neither...nor。故选A。 20．—The song seems ________ these days. I could hear it everywhere when it came out. —That’s true. We seldom hear it now. A．popular B．more popular C．less popular D．the most popular 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这首歌最近似乎不太受欢迎。它刚发行时我到处都能听到。——确实。我们现在很少听到了。考查形容词比较级辨析。popular形容词原级，受欢迎的；more popular比较级，更受欢迎的；less popular比较级，更不受欢迎的；the most popular最高级，最受欢迎的。 根据答句“We seldom hear it now.”可知，现在与过去形成对比。过去“到处都能听到”表明歌曲很受欢迎，而现在“很少听到”说明受欢迎程度下降。因此，空格处需用比较级表示“更不受欢迎的”，less popular符合句意。故选C。 三、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。 A: I read a book today. B: 21 A: It’s about a strange travel to Mars. B: 22 A: Of course. We can go there by spaceship. But I don’t think we can live there. B: Neither do I. We can hardly stand there. 23 A: That’s true. Maybe people can spend their holidays there in the future. B: That must be great fun. 24 A: Your dream will come true. B: Thank you. By the way, may I borrow your book? A: Certainly. 25 B: Thanks a lot. A．Do you think we can travel to Mars? B．I wish I could fly to Mars one day. C．What’s it about? D．I can’t believe we can live there. E．I don’t believe there are aliens in the universe. F．Our astronauts are really excellent. G．Here you are. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．G 【导语】本文是二人谈论是否去火星旅游和居住这一话题。 21．根据“It’s about a strange travel to Mars.”可知，此处介绍书是关于什么的，选项C“是关于什么的？”符合语境，故选C。 22．根据“Of course. We can go there by spaceship.”可知，此处询问是否能去火星旅行，选项A“你认为我们能去火星旅行吗？”符合语境，故选A。 23．根据“But I don’t think we can live there.”可知，此处谈论有关能否住在火星，选项D“真不敢相信我们能住在那里。”符合语境，故选D。 24．根据“Your dream will come true.”可知，评价对方梦想能实现，选项B“我希望有一天我能飞往火星。”符合语境，故选B。 25．根据“By the way, may I borrow your book?”可知，对方向自己借书，选项G“给你。”符合语境，故选G。 一、完形填空 Humans have always wondered about the Earth they live on and about the sky above them. When early humans looked at the night sky, they 1 themselves a lot of questions. They looked at the Moon and 2 what this strange bright object in the sky was. They did not understand 3 it changed its shape from night to night. They 4 the stars and planets. They also wanted to know why some of them changed their positions, 5 others did not. They also thought about the 6 of the Earth. All the early people believed the Earth was flat. In different parts of the world, there were 7 ideas about the universe (宇宙). The ancient Greeks were the first people to 8 the universe more scientifically. In the sixth century BC Pythagoras put forward the 9 that the Earth was round. 10 , he could not explain why people at the bottom of the Earth did not 11 . It was not until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that scientists found the answers 12 some important questions. Galileo’s telescope made 13 possible for people to see the sky more 14 and find the positions of the stars and planets. Finally in 1665, Isaac Newton 15 to the world what gravity was and people understood why they did not fall off the Earth. 1．A．answered B．found C．asked D．raised 2．A．understood B．discovered C．knew D．wondered 3．A．what B．why C．when D．where 4．A．named B．tested C．controlled D．watched 5．A．as B．while C．unless D．though 6．A．number B．shape C．form D．speed 7．A．similar B．same C．different D．complete 8．A．study B．learn C．compare D．invent 9．A．idea B．advice C．suggestion D．information 10．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．However D．Instead 11．A．take off B．put off C．get off D．fall off 12．A．of B．for C．to D．in 13．A．that B．this C．one D．it 14．A．carefully B．clearly C．closely D．completely 15．A．reminded B．explained C．chose D．explored 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了人们自古以来就对太空有很多疑问，想知道地球上的天空究竟是什么样子。世界上不同的地方对天空有着许多不同的认识，直到十六七世纪，发明了太空望远镜以后，人们才对太空有了更多的认识。 1．句意：当早期人类看到夜空时，他们问自己很多问题。他们看着月亮，想知道天空中这个奇怪的明亮物体是什么。A. answered回答；B. found找到；    C. asked问；    D. raised筹集。根据下文themselves a lot of questions. They looked at the Moon and 　　2　　 what this strange bright object in the sky was可知，他们问自己很多问题。根据题意，故选C。 2．句意：当早期人类看到夜空时，他们问自己很多问题。他们看着月亮，想知道天空中这个奇怪的明亮物体是什么。A. understood理解；B. discovered发现；C. knew知道；D. wondered想知道。根据下文what this strange bright object in the sky was.可知上文是他们想知道那个奇怪的明亮的物体是什么。根据题意，故选D。 3．句意：他们不明白为什么它的形状从一夜到另一夜中变化。他们看着星星和行星。A. what什么；B. why为什么；C. when何时；D. where在哪。根据下文it changed its shape from night to night.可知这里是说为什么会改变。根据题意，故选B。 4．句意：他们看着星星和行星。。A. named被叫做；B. tasted尝起来；C. controlled控制；D. watched观看。根据上文They did not understand 　　3　　 it changed its shape from night to night.可知下文是他们看着星星。根据题意，故选D。 5．句意：他们还想知道为什么他们中的一些人改变了立场，而其他人没有。A. as当……的时候；B. while然而；C. unless除非；D. though尽管。根据上文They also wanted to know why some of them changed their positions,可知下文是表示转折关系用while。根据题意，故选B。 6．句意：他们还考虑了地球的形状。A. number数字，号码；B. shape形状；C. form形式；D. speed速度。根据下文All the early people believed the Earth was flat.可知上文是说地球的形状。根据题意，故选B。 7．句意：在世界的不同地方，人们对宇宙有不同的看法。A. similar    相似的；B. same相同的；    C. different不同的；D. complete完全的。根据上文In different parts of the world,可知下文是有不同的看法。根据题意，故选C。 8．句意：古希腊人是第一批更科学地研究宇宙的人。A. study学习；研究；B. learn学习；C. compare比较；D. invent发明。根据上文The ancient Greeks were the first people to可知下文是说研究。根据题意，故选A。 9．句意：公元前六世纪毕达哥拉斯提出地球是圆的。A. idea主意；B. advice    建议；C. suggestion建议；D. information信息。根据下文　　10　　, he could not explain why people at the bottom of the Earth did not 　　11　　.可知，上文是说他提出的主意。根据题意，故选A。 10．句意：然而，他无法解释为什么地球底部的人没有掉下来。A. Moreover此外;而且；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Instead代替，而不是。根据下文he could not explain why people at the bottom of the Earth did not 　　11　　.可知这里是表示转折关系。根据题意， 故选C。 11．句意：然而，他无法解释为什么地球底部的人没有掉下来。A. take off脱下；B. put off推迟；C. get off下车；D. fall off落下。根据上文In the sixth century BC Pythagoras put forward the 　　9　　 that the Earth was round.可知下文是地球底部的人们为什么没有掉下来。根据题意， 故选D。 12．句意：直到十六世纪和十七世纪，科学家才找到一些重要问题的答案。A. of……的；B. for为了；C. to到……；D. in在……里面；这里是说重要问题的答案，the answer to…表示……的答案。根据题意，故选C。 13．句意：伽利略的望远镜使人们能够更清楚地看到天空并找到恒星和行星的位置。A. that那个；B. this这个；C. one一个；D. it它。make it possible for sb. to do sth.表示使做某事成为可能。根据题意，故选D。 14．句意：伽利略的望远镜使人们能够更清楚地看到天空并找到恒星和行星的位置。A. carefully认真地；B. clearly清晰地；C. closely接近地；D. completely完全地。根据下文and find the positions of the stars and planets.可知上文是更清晰地看到天空。根据题意，故选B。 15．句意：最后在1665年，牛顿向世界解释了什么是重力，人们理解了为什么他们没有从地球上掉下来。A. reminded提醒；B. explained解释；C. chose选择；D. explored探索。根据下文and people understood why they did not fall off the Earth.可知上文是说给世界解释了。根据题意，故选B。 二、阅读理解 A According to Ken Croswell, The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset (日落), shines all night, and sets around sunrise (日出). Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 16．What can we know about the Sun? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 17．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 2? A．the shape of the Earth. B．the force from the Sun. C．the dark area on the Earth. D．the opposite side of the Sun. 18．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How the Moon makes its light. B．Why there is day and night on the Earth. C．Why the Moon can be seen during the day. D．What the difference is between Full Moon and New Moon. 19．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 20．What is the theme (主题) of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。 16． 细节理解题。根据“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t”可知，太阳一直照耀着。当我们在白天看到它的时候，它就会发光，即使我们在晚上看不到它的时候，它也会发光。故选B。 17．词句猜测题。根据“When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night”可知，当地球自转使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗区域。故选C。 18．主旨大意题。通读第四段并根据“During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset (日落), shines all night, and sets around sunrise (日出). Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too”可知，第四段主要讲述了为什么在白天可以看到月亮。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据“The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all”可知，在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题为科学。故选B。 B The earth is full of plants. Since the moon is so close to our earth, is there any possibility that plants can live in the moon soil? For many years, testing the moon soil has been the scientists’ dream. The chance finally came as the astronauts returned back from the moon, carrying some well protected moon soil to the lab. After knowing what moon soil was made of, scientists also made some fake (仿制的) moon soil from the earth. They planted some seeds in two kinds of soil and took good care of them, waiting to see what would happen. To their surprise, the seeds sprouted (发芽) and began to grow in both groups. But the plants in the real moon soil grew more slowly than those in the fake moon soil. As a result, the moon soil may have something that is not suitable for plants’ growth. In order to solve the problem, choosing the soil from the younger geological (地质的) places on the moon and creating a more suitable growing environment for the plants may be a possible solution. The research not only helps us study the nature of the moon soil, but also provide us with a chance to think about whether it is possible to plant on the moon and live on the moon. No matter how hard it is, we should have confidence in the development of technology and believe good things are around the corner. 21．How does the writer introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an answer. C．By telling a story. D．By showing an example. 22．What soil was used in this research? A．The moon soil. B．The earth soil. C．The soil made in the lab. D．The moon soil and the fake moon soil. 23．What does the writer tell us in paragraph 5? A．The goal of the research. B．The process of the research. C．The meaning of the research. D．The difficulty of the research. 24．What can we infer from the passage? A．Scientists can do tests on the moon easily. B．The author is confident about the future study of the moon. C．The author doesn’t think people will move to the moon to live. D．Scientists found no ways to improve the situation. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了科学家们对月球土壤是否适合植物生长的研究。 21．推理判断题。根据“Since the moon is so close to our earth, is there any possibility that plants can live in the moon soil?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式引出话题，故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据“After knowing what moon soil are made of, scientists also made some fake (仿制的) moon soil from the earth. They planted some seeds in two kinds of soil”可知，科学家在实验中使用了月球土壤和仿制的月球土壤，故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据“The research not only helps us study the nature of the moon soil, but also provide us with a chance to think about whether it is possible to plant on the moon and live on the moon.”可知，这项研究不仅帮助我们月球土壤的本质，还给我们提供机会去思考是否有可能种植物和生活在月球，因此作者在第五段介绍了研究的意义，故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“No matter how hard it is, we should have confidence in the development of technology and believe good things are around the corner.”可知，作者对未来月球研究持有信心，故选B。 一、短文填空 Exploring (探索) the moon From Earth, we can only set one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. But now, we have 1 chance to see what's on the far side. On Jan 3rd, a spacecraft Chang'e 4 became the first space probe (探测器) in history to 2 (successful) land on the far side of the moon. Chang'e 4 has 3 (send) back photos of the far side of the moon. 4 these photos, scientists will learn more about the moon. It's difficult to grow anything on the moon, 5 Chang'e 4 has made it. Chang'e 4 took six living things to the moon, such as potatoes, cotton and fruit flies. The cotton 6 is very common on Earth has already started to grow on the moon. It is the first time 7 (human) have grown plants on the moon. China set three goals when it started its exploration, program in 2004—the probes could circle around the moon, touch down on 8 (it) surface and bring materials, back to Earth. Chang'e 4 has achieved the second goal and the third goal will 9 (realize) by Chang'e s in the future. Now Chinese scientists are looking even 10 (far) into our solar system and knowing more about the universe. 【答案】 1．a 2．successfully 3．sent 4．From/Through 5．but 6．that/which 7．humans 8．its 9．be realized 10．further 【分析】本文介绍了中国科学家对月球的探索。1月3日，宇宙飞船嫦娥四号成为历史上第一个成功登陆月球背面的太空探测器，而且开始在月球上种植物。 1．句意：但是现在，我们有机会看到背面是什么。chance是辅音音素开头的单数名词，因此用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 2．句意：1月3日，宇宙飞船嫦娥四号成为历史上第一个成功登陆月球背面的太空探测器。land是动词，修饰动词，用副词，故填successfully。 3．句意：嫦娥四号发回了月球背面的照片。根据has可知，此处是现在完成时，因此用send的过去分词，故填sent。 4．句意：从这些照片上，科学家们将对月球有更多的了解。表示从照片上，科学家将会对月球有更多的了解，故填From/Through。 5．句意：很难在月球上种植任何东西，但嫦娥四号做到了。结合句意，前一句表示很难在月球上种植任何东西，后一句表示嫦娥四号做到了，前后表示转折关系，故填but。 6．句意：在地球上非常普遍的棉花已经开始在月球上生长。先行词cotton表示事物，因此用that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 7．句意：这是人类第一次在月球上种植物。谓语have grown是复数形式，主语用复数形式，故填humans。 8．句意：中国在2004年开始其探索计划时设定了三个目标——探测器可以绕月飞行，在月球表面着陆并将材料带回地球。surface是名词，因此用it的形容词性物主代词修饰，故填its。 9．句意：嫦娥四号已经实现了第二个目标，第三个目标将在未来由嫦娥实现。结合句意，主语the third goal与谓语realize之间是动动关系，因此用被动语态，位于will后，用动词原形，故填will be realized。 10．句意：现在，中国科学家正在更深入地研究我们的太阳系，对宇宙有更多的了解。even修饰比较级，far的比较级是further，故填further。 （二） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 We know much 11 the universe. It means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them. Most of the stars are much 12 than the moon, but they look smaller because they are far 13 from the earth. At night, the moon is high in the shy like a light. But the moon has no light of 14 own. The light of the moon comes from the sun. The sun gives us light, heat and life. And the plants, animals and men will die without the suns. The earth is going round itself all the 15 . When the part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. The opposite part of the earth is night. The earth is our homeland. We should love it. 【答案】11．about 12．bigger 13．away 14．its 15．time 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一些关于宇宙的天文知识，呼吁大家热爱我们的地球家园。 11． 句意：我们对宇宙了解很多。根据下文“It means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them.”可知此处指“对宇宙了解很多”；know about“了解”。故填about。 12．句意：大多数星星比月球大得多，但它们看起来更小，因为它们离地球很远。根据“but they look smaller ”以及“but”可知，此处说的是星星其实更大，由空前“much”以及句意可知，此处用形容词比较级，big“大的”，比较级为bigger，意为“更大的”。故填bigger。 13．句意：大多数星星比月球大得多，但它们看起来更小，因为它们离地球很远。根据“Because they are far…from the earth.”可知，此处表示“离地球很远”，far away from意为“离……很远”，固定搭配。故填away。 14．句意：但是月亮没有自己的光。根据“The light of the moon comes from the sun.”可知，月球没有自己的光，“自己的”为“one’s own”，根据“the moon”可知，此处用its，表示“它自己”。故填its。 15． 句意：地球一直在自转。根据下文“When the part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. The other side of the earth is night.”可知此处指“地球一直在自转”；all the time“一直”。故填time。 二、选词填空 阅读短文，用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。 science  send  difference  lead to  real  close  one  photo The planet Mars is the 16 and most similar planet to Earth. It is very interesting to 17 . For example, Mars has seasons with 18 weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Was there life on Mars?   To find out, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, two robot explores （探测器）, or “rovers”, called Spirit and Opportunity were 19 to look for signs of water. These rovers can drive over rocks and all kinds of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send 20 back to Earth. 21 of all, the two rovers found chemicals and patterns （图文） in the rocks that were probably made by water. Then, they moved to another area and found other rocks which may have been created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was life on Mars. They 22 need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also 23 many new ones. 【答案】16．closest 17．scientists 18．different 19．sent 20．photos 21．First 22．really 23．led to 【导语】本文主要介绍火星是与地球最接近、最相似的行星，科学家对它非常感兴趣，为了弄清楚火星上是否存在生命，科学家发送了几个探索卫星去寻找答案，但是，今天还无法确定火星是否存在生命。 16．句意：火星是距离地球最近、最相似的行星。此处应填形容词作定语，由“the…and most similar”和备选词汇可知“close密切的”符合语境，此处应用其形容词最高级形式closest与形容词最高级most similar并列。故填closest。 17．句意：这对科学家来说很有趣。此处应填一个名词，结合“It is very interesting to…”和备选词汇可知“scientist科学家”符合语境，科学家不止一个，应用复数形式。故填scientists。 18．句意：例如，火星有不同的季节，但其他行星一年四季的温度都相同。此处应填形容词作定语，由“…weather”和备选词汇可知“different不同的”符合语境。故填different。 19．句意：2004年，两辆名为“勇气号”和“机遇号”的机器人探测器被派去寻找水的迹象。此处应填动词作谓语，由“In 2004, two robot explores, or ‘rovers’, called Spirit and Opportunity were…to look for signs of water”可知备选词汇“send发送”符合语境，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，结合空前were，空缺处应填动词过去分词形式。 故填sent。 20．句意：它们还可以使用相机并将照片发送回地球。此处需填一个名词，由并列连词and可知备选词汇“photo照片”符合语境，空缺处应填名词复数形式photos与空前名词cameras相符。故填photos。 21．句意：首先，这两辆火星车在岩石中发现了可能由水形成的化学物质和图案。first of all“首先”，固定搭配，位于句首应大写。故填First。 22．句意：他们真的需要更多的信息来决定。此处缺少副词修饰动词need，结合备选词汇可知“real真的”符合语境，really是其副词形式。故填really。 23．句意：这两辆漫游车的发现回答了一些旧问题，但也带来了许多新问题。此处应填动词作谓语，由“The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions”和备选词汇“lead to导致”符合语境，句子时态是一般过去时，空缺处应填动词过去式短语led to。故填led to。 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上。请注意词数要求。 On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V spaceship was sent into space successfully. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. It was said that the only object on the earth that could be seen from space was the Great Wall. Yang Liwei also wanted to prove（证实）whether this was true or not. To his disappointment, he couldn’t see it. From space, he tried several times to look for the Great Wall, but he failed. In fact, from space, astronauts can’t see any specific（具体的）object on the earth. He also saw something cotton-like flying outside of the window. He didn’t know what it was. Maybe it was space rubbish. There was another strange thing. That was the knock on the spaceship. It appeared once in a while. It sounded like someone outside was knocking on the spaceship, but nothing dangerous happened. So he told the following astronauts not to be afraid. Later when Shenzhou VI and Shouzhou VII were flying in space, this knock came again. But the astronauts on them were not nervous. Could the knock come from the aliens? Do you want to know the answers? 1．When did Yang Liwei first go into space? (no more than 4 words) ________________________________________________________________ 2．What did Yang Liwei try to look for from space? (no more than 3 words) ________________________________________________________________ 3．What might the cotton-like thing be? (no more than 2 words) ________________________________________________________________ 4．Why did Yang Liwei tell the following astronauts not to be afraid of the knock? (no more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________ 5．How many spaceships are talked about in the passage? (no more than I word) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． On October 15, 2003. 2． The Great Wall. 3． Space rubbish. 4． Because nothing dangerous would happen. 5． 3/Three. 【分析】文章介绍了第一位进入太空的中国宇航员——杨利伟的太空经历，以及他的经历对之后进入太空的宇航员的作用。 1．根据“On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V spaceship was sent into space successfully. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space.”可知，杨利伟第一次进入太空是2003年10月15日，故填On October 15, 2003. 2．根据“It was said that the only object on the earth that could be seen from space was the Great Wall...he tried several times to look for the Great Wall, but he failed.”可知，杨利伟试图从太空中寻找长城，故填The Great Wall. 3．根据“He also saw something cotton-like flying outside of the window. He didn’t know what it was. Maybe it was space rubbish.”可知，一些像棉花一样的东西飞出窗外可能是太空垃圾。故填Space rubbish. 4．根据“It sounded like someone outside was knocking on the spaceship, but nothing dangerous happened. So he told the following astronauts not to be afraid.”可知，听起来好像有人在外面敲宇宙飞船，但没有发生危险的事情。所以他告诉下面的宇航员不要害怕。故填Because nothing dangerous would happen. 5．根据“On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V spaceship was sent into space successfully.”以及“Later when Shenzhou VI and Shouzhou VII were flying in space”可知，文中提到了三艘宇宙飞船，故填3/Three. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 课时8 Project&Review&self-assessment分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 词汇 1. file n.档案；卷宗；文件夹 2. born v.出生 3. publish v.（使）发表;出版 4. prove v.证明;证实 5. strange adj.奇怪的;奇特的 6. comet n.彗星 7. snowball n.雪球 8. Pluto n.冥王星 9. freeze v.（使）冻结，结冰 10. being n.生物;存在 句型 1. He studied some subjects and then became an officer in a Roman church. 他学习了一些科目，随后成为罗马教会的一名官员。 2. In his spare time, Copernicus liked to watch the sky. 闲暇时，哥白尼喜欢观测天空。 3. He put forward many ideas about the solar system. 他提出了许多关于太阳系的观点。 4. For example, the earth and other planets travel around the sun. 例如，地球和其他行星都围绕太阳运行。 5. Copernicus published his ideas in a book in 1543, but his book didn’t change people’s view about the universe. 哥白尼于1543年将他的观点集结成书出版，但他的著作并未改变人们对宇宙的看法。 6. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun. 冥王星绕太阳运行一周大约需要248个地球年。 Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth. 冥王星与太阳的距离约为地球与太阳距离的40倍。 ) ( 8. To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to it. 为了更清楚地观测这颗行星及其卫星，科学家发射了一艘航天器近距离飞掠探测。 9. Scientists put the pictures together and learned more about Pluto. 科学家将拍摄的图像进行整合，从而对冥王星有了更多了解。 10. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow. 这颗行星表面温度极低，空气中的气体会凝结成雪状物质。 ) 一、单词拼写 1．She when the policeman pointed the gun at her. (freeze) 2．This river is much w than that one. 3．Tom went to bed without drinking water. So when morning came, he felt much (口渴的). 4．The more (care) you do your homework, the fewer mistakes you will make. 5．This mistake is s (类似的) to the one you made in yesterday’s homework. 6．Copernicus (publish) his book about the solar system in 1543, showing that the Sun is much more central than Earth in the universe. 7．The average temperature on Mars is around m 60 ℃ throughout the year. 8．The d between Earth and the Sun is about 150 million kilometers, which is just right for life to exist. 9．Do you know (something) about how stars are born? 10．Copernicus (prove) that Earth moves around the Sun. 二、单项选择 11．—How was the trip last week? —Great! It was ________ than before. A．more much interesting B．much more interesting C．much interesting D．very interesting 12．The little boy carried the pile of books for a long time. Slowly the books became ________. He was nearly unable to carry on. A．more heavier B．much heavier C．quite heavier D．very heavy 13．—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has ________ history than the USA． A．oldest; much long B．the oldest; very longer C．the oldest; much longer D．oldest; more longer 14．I felt much ________ after I shared my feelings with my close friends. A．good B．well C．better D．best 15．The more careful you are, ________ mistakes you will make, I believe. A．the fewer B．the less C．the most D．the best 16．I think there will be ________ air pollution when there are ________ cars. A．less; less B．less; fewer C．fewer; fewer D．fewer; less 17．—How terrible Typhoon Bebinca is! —Exactly! It seemed much ________ than Typhoon Pulasan. A．strong B．stronger C．more stronger D．strongest 18．________ kids learn to be independent, ________ it is for their future. A．Early; good B．The earlier; the better C．The earliest; the best D．Earlier; better 19．________ Mars ________ Venus has as much water as Earth does; our planet is unique in the solar system. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 20．—The song seems ________ these days. I could hear it everywhere when it came out. —That’s true. We seldom hear it now. A．popular B．more popular C．less popular D．the most popular 三、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。 A: I read a book today. B: 21 A: It’s about a strange travel to Mars. B: 22 A: Of course. We can go there by spaceship. But I don’t think we can live there. B: Neither do I. We can hardly stand there. 23 A: That’s true. Maybe people can spend their holidays there in the future. B: That must be great fun. 24 A: Your dream will come true. B: Thank you. By the way, may I borrow your book? A: Certainly. 25 B: Thanks a lot. A．Do you think we can travel to Mars? B．I wish I could fly to Mars one day. C．What’s it about? D．I can’t believe we can live there. E．I don’t believe there are aliens in the universe. F．Our astronauts are really excellent. G．Here you are. 一、完形填空 Humans have always wondered about the Earth they live on and about the sky above them. When early humans looked at the night sky, they 1 themselves a lot of questions. They looked at the Moon and 2 what this strange bright object in the sky was. They did not understand 3 it changed its shape from night to night. They 4 the stars and planets. They also wanted to know why some of them changed their positions, 5 others did not. They also thought about the 6 of the Earth. All the early people believed the Earth was flat. In different parts of the world, there were 7 ideas about the universe (宇宙). The ancient Greeks were the first people to 8 the universe more scientifically. In the sixth century BC Pythagoras put forward the 9 that the Earth was round. 10 , he could not explain why people at the bottom of the Earth did not 11 . It was not until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that scientists found the answers 12 some important questions. Galileo’s telescope made 13 possible for people to see the sky more 14 and find the positions of the stars and planets. Finally in 1665, Isaac Newton 15 to the world what gravity was and people understood why they did not fall off the Earth. 1．A．answered B．found C．asked D．raised 2．A．understood B．discovered C．knew D．wondered 3．A．what B．why C．when D．where 4．A．named B．tested C．controlled D．watched 5．A．as B．while C．unless D．though 6．A．number B．shape C．form D．speed 7．A．similar B．same C．different D．complete 8．A．study B．learn C．compare D．invent 9．A．idea B．advice C．suggestion D．information 10．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．However D．Instead 11．A．take off B．put off C．get off D．fall off 12．A．of B．for C．to D．in 13．A．that B．this C．one D．it 14．A．carefully B．clearly C．closely D．completely 15．A．reminded B．explained C．chose D．explored 二、阅读理解 A According to Ken Croswell, The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset (日落), shines all night, and sets around sunrise (日出). Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 16．What can we know about the Sun? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 17．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 2? A．the shape of the Earth. B．the force from the Sun. C．the dark area on the Earth. D．the opposite side of the Sun. 18．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How the Moon makes its light. B．Why there is day and night on the Earth. C．Why the Moon can be seen during the day. D．What the difference is between Full Moon and New Moon. 19．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 20．What is the theme (主题) of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. B The earth is full of plants. Since the moon is so close to our earth, is there any possibility that plants can live in the moon soil? For many years, testing the moon soil has been the scientists’ dream. The chance finally came as the astronauts returned back from the moon, carrying some well protected moon soil to the lab. After knowing what moon soil was made of, scientists also made some fake (仿制的) moon soil from the earth. They planted some seeds in two kinds of soil and took good care of them, waiting to see what would happen. To their surprise, the seeds sprouted (发芽) and began to grow in both groups. But the plants in the real moon soil grew more slowly than those in the fake moon soil. As a result, the moon soil may have something that is not suitable for plants’ growth. In order to solve the problem, choosing the soil from the younger geological (地质的) places on the moon and creating a more suitable growing environment for the plants may be a possible solution. The research not only helps us study the nature of the moon soil, but also provide us with a chance to think about whether it is possible to plant on the moon and live on the moon. No matter how hard it is, we should have confidence in the development of technology and believe good things are around the corner. 21．How does the writer introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an answer. C．By telling a story. D．By showing an example. 22．What soil was used in this research? A．The moon soil. B．The earth soil. C．The soil made in the lab. D．The moon soil and the fake moon soil. 23．What does the writer tell us in paragraph 5? A．The goal of the research. B．The process of the research. C．The meaning of the research. D．The difficulty of the research. 24．What can we infer from the passage? A．Scientists can do tests on the moon easily. B．The author is confident about the future study of the moon. C．The author doesn’t think people will move to the moon to live. D．Scientists found no ways to improve the situation. 一、短文填空 Exploring (探索) the moon From Earth, we can only set one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. But now, we have 1 chance to see what's on the far side. On Jan 3rd, a spacecraft Chang'e 4 became the first space probe (探测器) in history to 2 (successful) land on the far side of the moon. Chang'e 4 has 3 (send) back photos of the far side of the moon. 4 these photos, scientists will learn more about the moon. It's difficult to grow anything on the moon, 5 Chang'e 4 has made it. Chang'e 4 took six living things to the moon, such as potatoes, cotton and fruit flies. The cotton 6 is very common on Earth has already started to grow on the moon. It is the first time 7 (human) have grown plants on the moon. China set three goals when it started its exploration, program in 2004—the probes could circle around the moon, touch down on 8 (it) surface and bring materials, back to Earth. Chang'e 4 has achieved the second goal and the third goal will 9 (realize) by Chang'e s in the future. Now Chinese scientists are looking even 10 (far) into our solar system and knowing more about the universe. （二） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 We know much 11 the universe. It means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them. Most of the stars are much 12 than the moon, but they look smaller because they are far 13 from the earth. At night, the moon is high in the shy like a light. But the moon has no light of 14 own. The light of the moon comes from the sun. The sun gives us light, heat and life. And the plants, animals and men will die without the suns. The earth is going round itself all the 15 . When the part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. The opposite part of the earth is night. The earth is our homeland. We should love it. 二、选词填空 阅读短文，用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。 science  send  difference  lead to  real  close  one  photo The planet Mars is the 16 and most similar planet to Earth. It is very interesting to 17 . For example, Mars has seasons with 18 weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Was there life on Mars?   To find out, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, two robot explores （探测器）, or “rovers”, called Spirit and Opportunity were 19 to look for signs of water. These rovers can drive over rocks and all kinds of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send 20 back to Earth. 21 of all, the two rovers found chemicals and patterns （图文） in the rocks that were probably made by water. Then, they moved to another area and found other rocks which may have been created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was life on Mars. They 22 need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also 23 many new ones. 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上。请注意词数要求。 On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V spaceship was sent into space successfully. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. It was said that the only object on the earth that could be seen from space was the Great Wall. Yang Liwei also wanted to prove（证实）whether this was true or not. To his disappointment, he couldn’t see it. From space, he tried several times to look for the Great Wall, but he failed. In fact, from space, astronauts can’t see any specific（具体的）object on the earth. He also saw something cotton-like flying outside of the window. He didn’t know what it was. Maybe it was space rubbish. There was another strange thing. That was the knock on the spaceship. It appeared once in a while. It sounded like someone outside was knocking on the spaceship, but nothing dangerous happened. So he told the following astronauts not to be afraid. Later when Shenzhou VI and Shouzhou VII were flying in space, this knock came again. But the astronauts on them were not nervous. Could the knock come from the aliens? Do you want to know the answers? 1．When did Yang Liwei first go into space? (no more than 4 words) ________________________________________________________________ 2．What did Yang Liwei try to look for from space? (no more than 3 words) ________________________________________________________________ 3．What might the cotton-like thing be? (no more than 2 words) ________________________________________________________________ 4．Why did Yang Liwei tell the following astronauts not to be afraid of the knock? (no more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________ 5．How many spaceships are talked about in the passage? (no more than I word) ________________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $