内容正文:
专题01 动词ing作主语(期中复习讲义)
考情分析
【考向透视】
核心考点聚焦结构与用法:主要考查动词 - ing(动名词)作主语的两大核心形式 —— 直接作主语(句首位置,表习惯性、抽象动作)和 it 作形式主语(后接动名词作真正主语,如 “It’s no use doing”“It’s a waste of time doing” 等固定句型),同时兼顾动名词复合结构(形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词)、多个动名词并列作主语(主谓一致)等特殊用法。
命题结合语境与话题:题目多依托日常行为(如锻炼、阅读)、学习场景(如语言学习、任务完成)、社会文化(如志愿服务、文化传承)等话题设题,要求考生结合语境判断动作属性(抽象 / 具体、习惯 / 一次性),避免机械套用语法规则。
高频考查固定句型与辨析:“It’s no use/good doing”“It’s a waste of time doing”“There’s no doing” 等固定句型是高频考点,且常与不定式作主语进行对比考查(如区分 “Reading is fun” 表习惯与 “To read this book today is my plan” 表具体),侧重动作性质与时间指向的差异辨析。
【复习目标】
1. 知识掌握:熟记动词 - ing 作主语的核心用法;能清晰区分动名词与不定式作主语的不同。
2. 能力提升:能在具体语境中快速判断动作属性;面对固定句型类题目,能直接匹配对应的动名词用法,避免语法错误。
3. 应用迁移:在书面表达中能主动运用动词 - ing 作主语优化句子结构,同时正确使用 it 作形式主语的句型使表达更简洁自然,提升语言表达的多样性与准确性。
动词ing作主语
动名词(Gerund)是由动词原形加 - ing 构成的一种非谓语动词形式,它兼具动词和名词的特征。当动名词在句子中承担主语功能时,便形成了 “动名词作主语” 的语法结构。
知识点01 直接作主语(句首位置)
用法:表示习惯性、抽象动作或泛指概念。
Learning a new language takes time and practice.
学一门新语言需要时间和练习。
Swimming in the ocean is her favorite summer activity.
在海里游泳是她最喜欢的夏日活动。
知识点02 用it作形式主语
结构:It + be + 形容词/名词 + 动名词(真正主语)。
常见搭配:
It’s no use/good + doing(做某事无用)
例:It’s no use arguing with him — he never listens.
和他争论没用,他从不听。
It’s worthwhile/fun + doing(做某事值得 / 有趣)
例:It’s fun exploring hidden trails in the forest.
探索森林里的隐秘小径很有趣。
It’s a waste of time + doing(做某事浪费时间)
例:It’s a waste of time waiting for a reply that may never come.
知识点03固定句型与特殊结构
There’s no + doing(无法/不可能做某事)
例:There’s no denying that she’s the best candidate.
不可否认她是最佳候选人。
动名词复合结构作主语
逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词/名词所有格:
例:Her singing at the concert moved the audience.
她在音乐会上的演唱感动了观众。
多个动名词并列作主语
谓语动词用复数
例:Cooking and painting are her two main hobbies.
做饭和画画是她的两大爱好。
知识点04动名词与不定式作主语的区别
动作性质:
动名词表泛指、习惯动作(如 Reading is fun);
不定式表具体、一次性动作(To read this book today is my plan)。
时间指向:
动名词可表已发生动作;不定式侧重未发生、将来的动作。
【即时检测】
1.______ (finish) the task as soon as possible is what we need to do now.
【答案】To finish
【解析】“尽快完成任务” 是当下具体要去做的事,侧重一次性、具体的动作,用不定式 To finish 作主语。
2.______ (read) books regularly is beneficial for improving knowledge.
【答案】Reading
【解析】“经常读书” 是一种习惯性、抽象的行为,强调动作的常态与泛指,用动名词 Reading 作主语。
3.______ (learn) a new language well requires a lot of time and effort.
【答案】To learn
【解析】“学好一门新语言” 是具体的、带有目标性的动作,侧重一次性去达成的事,用不定式 To learn 作主语。
4.______ (exercise) every morning helps keep the body fit.
【答案】Exercising
【解析】“每天早上锻炼” 是日常习惯性的动作,属于抽象、泛指的行为,用动名词 Exercising 作主语。
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
单句语法填空
1.______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
【答案】Walking
【解析】这里表示 “走路” 这一泛指的行为,用动名词 Walking 作主语,体现动作的抽象性和习惯性。
2.It’s no good ______ (regret) your past mistakes.
【答案】regretting
【解析】固定句型 “It’s no good doing sth.” 表示 “做某事没有用”,regret 用动名词形式作主语。
3.______ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
【答案】Being exposed
【解析】“被暴露在阳光下” 这一被动意义需要用动名词的被动式 Being exposed 作主语。
4.It was ______ (take) a boat ride on the lake that made me happy and relaxed.
【答案】taking
【解析】这是强调句型 “It was … that …”,被强调的部分是主语,用动名词 taking 表示 “乘船” 这一行为。
5.Watching TV and reading books ______ (become) a routine for me since then.
【答案】have become
【解析】两个动名词短语并列作主语,视为复数概念,且有 since then,所以用现在完成时 have become。
6.It’s no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk.
【答案】crying
【解析】固定句型 “It’s no use doing sth.” 表示 “做某事没有用”,cry 用动名词形式。
7.Relaying messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires ______ (be) a very significant way of contact in ancient times.
【答案】was
【解析】动名词短语作主语,视为单数,且时间状语为 in ancient times,所以用过去式 was。
8.It’s a waste of time ______ (argue) about the simple question again.
【答案】arguing
【解析】固定句型 “It’s a waste of time doing sth.” 表示 “做某事是浪费时间”,argue 用动名词形式。
9.______ (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you’re learning to drive.
【答案】Having
【解析】“有一位好老师” 这一抽象概念作主语,用动名词 Having。
10.______ (read) is a great way to relax. I love to sit back and enjoy a good book.
【答案】Reading
【解析】“读书” 是泛指的行为,用动名词 Reading 作主语。
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
根据所给提示补全句子
1. carefully before making a decision is essential in avoiding mistakes.
在做决定前仔细考虑所有可能的结果对避免错误至关重要。
【答案】Thinking through all possible outcomes
【解析】“仔细考虑所有可能结果” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“仔细考虑” 用 “think through”,“所有可能结果” 是 “all possible outcomes”,所以填 “Thinking through all possible outcomes”。
2. at the community center every weekend has improved both my social skills and confidence.
每个周末在社区中心志愿帮助孩子做作业提高了我的社交技能和自信心。
【答案】Volunteering to help children with their homework
【解析】“在社区中心志愿帮助孩子做作业” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“志愿做某事” 用 “volunteer to do sth.”,“帮助孩子做作业” 是 “help children with their homework”,所以填 “Volunteering to help children with their homework”。
3. in the countryside during my summer vacation made me appreciate the beauty of nature even more.暑假和祖父母住在乡下让我更加欣赏大自然的美。
【答案】Living with my grandparents
【解析】“暑假和祖父母住在乡下” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“和…… 住在一起” 是 “live with”,“祖父母” 是 “grandparents”,所以填 “Living with my grandparents”。
4. to classic music while studying can help improve concentration.学习时专心听古典音乐有助于提高注意力。
【答案】Listening attentively
【解析】“学习时专心听古典音乐” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“专心听” 是 “listen attentively”,所以填 “Listening attentively”。
5. for the elderly in our neighborhood on a regular basis has brought great joy to both them and us.定期为我们街区的老人组织免费体检给他们和我们都带来了极大的快乐。
【答案】Organizing free health check-ups
【解析】“定期为我们街区的老人组织免费体检” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“组织” 是 “organize”,“免费体检” 是 “free health check-ups”,所以填 “Organizing free health check-ups”。
6. in public places without permission will be fined according to the new regulation.根据新规定,在公共场所未经允许吸烟将被罚款。
【答案】Smoking cigarettes
【解析】“在公共场所未经允许吸烟” 是抽象行为,作主语用动名词形式,“吸烟” 是 “smoke”,“香烟” 是 “cigarettes”,所以填 “Smoking cigarettes”。
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
1.(2023 全国甲卷语法填空)It takes patience ______ (walk) through the ancient village and understand its cultural heritage.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查不定式作主语。此处为固定句型 “It takes + 名词 + to do sth.”,It 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语,该题改编自 2023 全国甲卷语法填空中不定式作目的状语的考点,结合 “非谓语作主语” 核心需求调整句式。
2.(2024 浙江 1 月卷语法填空)______ (benefit) local farmers has always been the core goal of this agricultural project.
【答案】Benefiting
【解析】考查动名词作主语。原题为 2024 浙江 1 月卷语法填空中的非谓语动词考点,原句侧重不定式作目的状语,此处选取 “使当地农民受益” 这一动作作主语,符合高考动名词作主语表抽象行为的命题风格。
3.(2025 八省联考语法填空改编)______ (celebrate) cultural diversity is one of the main purposes of this international festival.
【答案】Celebrating
【解析】考查动名词作主语。改编自 2025 八省联考语法填空中 “to celebrate” 作目的状语的真题,调整为动名词作主语的句式,贴合高考非谓语动词考点的灵活变形趋势。
4.(2024 新课标 I 卷语法填空改编)It is expensive ______ (perform) modern methods of tracking polar bear populations consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查不定式作主语。改编自 2024 新课标 I 卷语法填空真题,原句中 “to perform” 作状语,此处调整为 “It is + 形容词 + to do sth.” 句型,突出不定式作真正主语的考点。
5.(2023 全国甲卷语法填空)______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom has been the purpose of telling fables for thousands of years.
【答案】To teach
【解析】考查不定式作主语。改编自 2023 全国甲卷语法填空中 “to teach” 作目的状语的真题,将不定式短语提升为主语成分,符合高考对非谓语动词不同功能的考查逻辑。
6.(2024 届山东济南一模改编)It is important ______ (protect) the endangered species before they disappear forever.
【答案】to protect
【解析】考查不定式作主语。改编自 2024 届山东省济南市高三一模英语试题中的非谓语动词相关考点,采用高考高频的 “It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” 句型,贴合山东地区高考模拟题的命题特点。
7.(2024 届山东青岛一模改编)______ (learn) a second language at an early age helps develop children's cognitive abilities.
【答案】Learning
【解析】考查动名词作主语。参考 2024 届山东省青岛市高三一模英语试题的非谓语考查方向,设计动名词作主语的句式,体现高考中 “动名词表习惯性动作” 的考点。
8.(2024 届江苏南京高三调研改编)It is a waste of time ______ (argue) with someone who refuses to listen to reason.
【答案】arguing
【解析】考查动名词作主语。改编自 2024 届江苏省南京市高三英语调研试题,采用 “It is a waste of time doing sth.” 固定结构,该结构在江苏地区模拟题中常作为非谓语作主语的特色考点出现。
9.(2024 届浙江杭州二模改编)______ (volunteer) in remote mountain areas has become a popular choice for college students during holidays.
【答案】Volunteering
【解析】考查动名词作主语。参考 2024 届浙江省杭州市高三二模英语试题的命题语境,围绕 “志愿服务” 话题设计动名词作主语的题目,贴合浙江卷注重实际语境的命题风格。
10.(2024 届湖北武汉高三调考改编)______ (read) classic literature can enrich people's spiritual world and broaden their horizons.
【答案】Reading
【解析】考查动名词作主语。改编自 2024 届湖北省武汉市高三英语调考试题,以 “经典文学阅读” 为话题,符合高考中文化类语境下非谓语动词的考查趋势。
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专题01 动词ing作主语(期中复习讲义)
考情分析
【考向透视】
核心考点聚焦结构与用法:主要考查动词 - ing(动名词)作主语的两大核心形式 —— 直接作主语(句首位置,表习惯性、抽象动作)和 it 作形式主语(后接动名词作真正主语,如 “It’s no use doing”“It’s a waste of time doing” 等固定句型),同时兼顾动名词复合结构(形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词)、多个动名词并列作主语(主谓一致)等特殊用法。
命题结合语境与话题:题目多依托日常行为(如锻炼、阅读)、学习场景(如语言学习、任务完成)、社会文化(如志愿服务、文化传承)等话题设题,要求考生结合语境判断动作属性(抽象 / 具体、习惯 / 一次性),避免机械套用语法规则。
高频考查固定句型与辨析:“It’s no use/good doing”“It’s a waste of time doing”“There’s no doing” 等固定句型是高频考点,且常与不定式作主语进行对比考查(如区分 “Reading is fun” 表习惯与 “To read this book today is my plan” 表具体),侧重动作性质与时间指向的差异辨析。
【复习目标】
1. 知识掌握:熟记动词 - ing 作主语的核心用法;能清晰区分动名词与不定式作主语的不同。
2. 能力提升:能在具体语境中快速判断动作属性;面对固定句型类题目,能直接匹配对应的动名词用法,避免语法错误。
3. 应用迁移:在书面表达中能主动运用动词 - ing 作主语优化句子结构,同时正确使用 it 作形式主语的句型使表达更简洁自然,提升语言表达的多样性与准确性。
动词ing作主语
动名词(Gerund)是由动词原形加 - ing 构成的一种非谓语动词形式,它兼具动词和名词的特征。当动名词在句子中承担主语功能时,便形成了 “动名词作主语” 的语法结构。
知识点01 直接作主语(句首位置)
用法:表示习惯性、抽象动作或泛指概念。
Learning a new language takes time and practice.
学一门新语言需要时间和练习。
Swimming in the ocean is her favorite summer activity.
在海里游泳是她最喜欢的夏日活动。
知识点02 用it作形式主语
结构:It + be + 形容词/名词 + 动名词(真正主语)。
常见搭配:
It’s no use/good + doing(做某事无用)
例:It’s no use arguing with him — he never listens.
和他争论没用,他从不听。
It’s worthwhile/fun + doing(做某事值得 / 有趣)
例:It’s fun exploring hidden trails in the forest.
探索森林里的隐秘小径很有趣。
It’s a waste of time + doing(做某事浪费时间)
例:It’s a waste of time waiting for a reply that may never come.
知识点03固定句型与特殊结构
There’s no + doing(无法/不可能做某事)
例:There’s no denying that she’s the best candidate.
不可否认她是最佳候选人。
动名词复合结构作主语
逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词/名词所有格:
例:Her singing at the concert moved the audience.
她在音乐会上的演唱感动了观众。
多个动名词并列作主语
谓语动词用复数
例:Cooking and painting are her two main hobbies.
做饭和画画是她的两大爱好。
知识点04动名词与不定式作主语的区别
动作性质:
动名词表泛指、习惯动作(如 Reading is fun);
不定式表具体、一次性动作(To read this book today is my plan)。
时间指向:
动名词可表已发生动作;不定式侧重未发生、将来的动作。
【即时检测】
1.______ (finish) the task as soon as possible is what we need to do now.
2.______ (read) books regularly is beneficial for improving knowledge.
3.______ (learn) a new language well requires a lot of time and effort.
4.______ (exercise) every morning helps keep the body fit.
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
单句语法填空
1.______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2.It’s no good ______ (regret) your past mistakes.
3.______ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
4.It was ______ (take) a boat ride on the lake that made me happy and relaxed.
5.Watching TV and reading books ______ (become) a routine for me since then.
6.It’s no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk.
7.Relaying messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires ______ (be) a very significant way of contact in ancient times.
8.It’s a waste of time ______ (argue) about the simple question again.
9.______ (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you’re learning to drive.
10.______ (read) is a great way to relax. I love to sit back and enjoy a good book.
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
根据所给提示补全句子
1. carefully before making a decision is essential in avoiding mistakes.
在做决定前仔细考虑所有可能的结果对避免错误至关重要。
2. at the community center every weekend has improved both my social skills and confidence.
3. in the countryside during my summer vacation made me appreciate the beauty of nature even more.暑假和祖父母住在乡下让我更加欣赏大自然的美。
4. to classic music while studying can help improve concentration.学习时专心听古典音乐有助于提高注意力。
5. for the elderly in our neighborhood on a regular basis has brought great joy to both them and us.定期为我们街区的老人组织免费体检给他们和我们都带来了极大的快乐。
6. in public places without permission will be fined according to the new regulation.根据新规定,在公共场所未经允许吸烟将被罚款。
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
1.(2023 全国甲卷语法填空)It takes patience ______ (walk) through the ancient village and understand its cultural heritage.
2.(2024 浙江 1 月卷语法填空)______ (benefit) local farmers has always been the core goal of this agricultural project.
3.(2025 八省联考语法填空改编)______ (celebrate) cultural diversity is one of the main purposes of this international festival.
4.(2024 新课标 I 卷语法填空改编)It is expensive ______ (perform) modern methods of tracking polar bear populations consistently over a large area.
5.(2023 全国甲卷语法填空)______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom has been the purpose of telling fables for thousands of years.
6.(2024 届山东济南一模改编)It is important ______ (protect) the endangered species before they disappear forever.
7.(2024 届山东青岛一模改编)______ (learn) a second language at an early age helps develop children's cognitive abilities.
8.(2024 届江苏南京高三调研改编)It is a waste of time ______ (argue) with someone who refuses to listen to reason.
9.(2024 届浙江杭州二模改编)______ (volunteer) in remote mountain areas has become a popular choice for college students during holidays.
10.(2024 届湖北武汉高三调考改编)______ (read) classic literature can enrich people's spiritual world and broaden their horizons.
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