第02讲 阅读理解之细节理解题（复习讲义）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第02讲 阅读理解之细节理解题 目录 01 1 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 2 考点一 题型特征 3 知识点1 细节理解题的解题捷径 3 知识点2 细节理解题的正确选项特征 3 知识点3 细节理解题的错误选项特征 3 考点二 直接信息题 3 知识点 直接信息题 3 考向 直接信息题 4 考点三 间接信息题 4 知识点1 同义词转换 5 知识点2 数字计算题 5 知识点3 概括归纳题 5 考向1 同义词转换 6 考向2 数字计算题 6 考向3 概括归纳题 7 04 真题溯源·考向感知 8 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 细节理解题 选择题 非选择题 3月，A篇，4道 3月，B篇，1道 3月，C篇，3道 3月，D篇，3道 3月，C篇，1道 3月，D篇，1道 6月，B篇，1道 6月，C篇，3道 3月，A篇，4道 3月，B篇，3道 3月，C篇，2道 3月，D篇，3道 6月，A篇，5道 6月，B篇，3道 6月，C篇，4道 6月，D篇，4道 考情分析： 细节理解题每年占至少10道题，细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。体裁以应用文为主，说明文和记叙文为辅。近几年也增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 复习目标： 1. 掌握直接信息题的解题方法； 2. 掌握间接信息题的解题方法。 考点一 题型特征 知识点1 细节理解题的解题捷径 解题分三步： （1）先读题干，抓住关键词； （2）带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子； （3）仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 知识点2 细节理解题的正确选项特征 原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 知识点3 细节理解题的错误选项特征 扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖 无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及 偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容 张冠李戴 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 考点二 直接信息题 知识点 直接信息题 在解答直接信息题时，学生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。 考向 直接信息题 例1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started. 29.What information does the convenient app offer？ A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.(此外，还有一个便捷的应程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 考点三 间接信息题 知识点1 同义词转换 知识点2 数字计算题 此类试题要求学生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查学生对具体细节信息的处理能力。 知识点3 概括归纳题 为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。 考向1 同义词转换 例1 （2024·浙江1月卷）We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. 2. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between 　　　　. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因)”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 考向2 数字计算题 例1 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day （24 hours） 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A.15.75.　　　　　　B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带刹手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带刹手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 考向3 概括归纳题 例1 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind (下风处)   of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 1. What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about 52 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous haistones. (因此), 自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机向有威胁的风暴云团播撒一种化学物质，使小冰雹在成长危险的冰雹之前以雨的形式落下)”可知，该项目的目的是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。 Passage 1 （2023·天津·高考真题）Welcome to UCLA Exchange Program! Let’s get started by checking out Student Guide for your academic journey! Signing up for ESL (English as a Second Language) ESL courses are designed to help international students improve academic English language skills. Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students. If space is available, you may enroll. You will then be asked to take an ESL Placement Test. The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you. Changing Your Course Enrollment List You may change your class schedule during the first two weeks of the term by adding or dropping courses from your enrollment list. After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change. Students often attend classes in which they are not enrolled on the first day of instruction to try adding this new course to the list, as other students may have dropped it. Withdrawing from Courses If you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule. If you forget to officially drop that course, a “F” (Fail) grade will be registered on your record at the end of the term. If, at a later date, you wish to apply for a job or graduate school where an official copy of your UCLA record is required, it will be to your advantage to provide an impressive academic record. Taking Exams Some instructors choose to put previous test papers on library reserve,  making them available to all students. These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material. You can also access the exams online. 1．Exchange students can enroll in the ESL course if they ________. A．have done well in the placement test B．are asked to improve their English skills C．find a vacancy after degree students’ enrollment D．have completed UCLA’s registration procedures 2．An ESL Placement Test is aimed to ________. A．improve the students’ language skills B．encourage the students to answer questions C．put the students in a class that fits them D．help the students apply for a degree 3．What is the deadline for a free enrollment list change? A．The day when the class is full. B．The first day of instruction. C．The first week of the class. D．The end of the second week. 4．What should exchange students do if they choose to stop taking a course? A．Seek assistance from UCLA officials. B．Go through the procedures to drop it. C．Present past academic records to UCLA． D．Make a request to the Registration Office. 5．Working on previous tests helps students ________. A．imitate the way that their instructors write test questions B．learn how questions are asked and what they are based on C．come up with new ideas about how testing relates to teaching D．narrow down to what has not yet been covered in online tests 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校交流项目的学生指南。 1．细节理解题。根据Signing up for ESL标题下的第二、三句话“Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students. If space is available, you may enroll. (优先招收学位学生。如果有空位，您可以报名。)”可知，如果有空位，那么有学位的学生是能够申请加入该项目的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Signing up for ESL标题下的最后一句话“The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you. (测试结果将帮助您选择适合自己的班级)”可知，ESL入学考试旨在把学生们放到适合自己的班级里。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Changing Your Course Enrollment List标题下的第二句话“After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change. (第二周的课程结束后，每次更改时间表都会收取费用。)”可知，免费更改报名名单的截止日期是在第二周课程结束后。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据Withdrawing from Courses标题下的第一句话“If you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule. (如果你选择放弃一门课程，你必须按照加州大学洛杉矶分校的程序将其从你的时间表中删除。)”可知，如果交换生停止课程，他们必须按照加州大学洛杉矶分校的程序将其从时间表中删除。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据Taking Exams标题下的第二句话“These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material. (这些考试是学生们通常用来练习的，可以让你了解老师是如何提问的，以及他们认为哪些是相关材料。)”可知，参加以前的考试有助于学生了解老师是如何提问的，以及他们认为哪些是相关材料。故选B。 Passage 2 （2023·天津·高考真题）STUDENT EMPLOYMENT ON CAMPUS All students may apply to work on campus. Getting started Before starting any position, all students need to complete required taforms and show identification. International students also need: *Social Security card        *Bank  account *Valid  passport          *Official work permit *Letter of support from the office of International Student Life Looking for a job on Handshake Handshake is an online job search platform for college students. With a Handshake account, students can receive information about career events and personalized job recommendations. To use Handshake, just follow these steps: *Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college. *Complete personalization of your profile. *Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button. *Fill out desired information:location, job type, etc. *Apply directly by clicking “Apply Now” button. You can also make appointments to meet with a career coach, access career resources, and explore careers that interest you. On-campus jobs available for students *Academic department assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Thursday) *Dining services (Lunchtime on weekdays) *Library assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Wednesday/Friday) *Bookstore/mailroom(9:00-12:00 at weekends) *Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays) Maximum working hours *During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week. *During the summer break,a student may not work more than 30 hours a week. *The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job. For more information, find us at Career Development Office, 211Hughes Hall; careerdevelopment@dreamcollege.edu, 555-520-1314 1．What documents are necessary for an international student to seek employment? A．Passport and Insurance Certificate. B．Work permit and Academic report. C．Bank account and Letter of support. D．Health Certificate and Social Security card. 2．Before searching for a job on Handshake, you need to_________. A．consult a career coach B．personalize your profile C．attend job training D．set up a new email account 3．Where could you work on Tuesday evenings? A．In the athletic department. B．In the dining hall. C．In the library. D．In the bookstore. 4．Which working arrangement is allowed for a domestic student? A．40 hours per week during the summer break. B．20 hours per week during the semester. C．2 jobs, each with 16 hours per week. D．3 jobs, each with 2 hours per week. 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A university website. B．A course guide. C．A summer camp notice. D．A business magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了学生在校园里做兼职的一些情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“International students also need:*Social Security card*Bank  account*Valid  passport*Official work permit*Letter of support from the office of International Student Life(国际学生还需要：* 社会保障卡 * 银行账户 * 有效护照 * 正式工作许可证 * 国际学生生活办公室的介绍信)”可知，国际学生寻找工作需要银行账户和介绍信。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Looking for a job on Handshake部分下的“To use Handshake, just follow these steps:*Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college.*Complete personalization of your profile.*Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button.(要使用Handshake，只需遵循以下步骤：* 使用学院提供的电子邮件地址登录到Handshake。* 使你的个人资料完全个性化。* 点击“职位”按钮开始搜寻工作。)”可知，在Handshake上寻找工作之前，你需要使你的个人资料完全个性化。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Maximum working hours上面的句子“*Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays)(* 体育部（工作日下午18时至22时）)”可知，在周二晚上你可以在体育部工作，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Maximum working hours下面的“During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week.(本学期国内学生每周最多工作10小时，国际学生每周最多工作20小时。)”和“The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job.(即使一个学生有一份以上的工作，总学时也不得超过规定的最高学时。)”可知，即使国内学生有多份工作，每周最多工作总量不得超过10个小时，所以D项“3份工作，每份每周工作2小时。”是被允许的，总共3*2=6，不超过十小时，故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“All students may apply to work on campus.(所有学生都可以申请到校园工作。)”可知，文章主要介绍了在校生可以在子校园申请兼职工作，由此可推知，本文可能选自大学网站，故选A。 Passage 3 （2022·天津·高考真题）Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, re-member they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. Interpersonal skills At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence. Studying With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. Budgeting Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings…and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too. 1．Who is this passage most probably written for? A．College teachers. B．University graduates. C．High school teachers. D．Would-be college students. 2．What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A．Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B．Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C．Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D．Push oneself to an upper level. 3．One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________. A．prepare complicated questions B．try on someone else’s shoes C．listen to others carefully D．take advantage of others 4．What is the key to successful college study according to the author? A．Being well-organized. B．Being well-informed. C．Effective reading skills. D．Reliable research methods. 5．To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is________. A．save money for financial investment B．estimate one’s income and expenses C．set aside money for fun activities D．open a personal bank account 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的首句“Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes.(对于高中毕业生来说，进入大学是一大步，它带来了很多变化。 )”和最后一句“The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.(以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做好更好的准备。)”可知，该文主要针对于高中毕业生的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.(写下你的目标，把每个巨大的长期目标分解成更小、更实际的目标，可以帮助它感觉更真实，写出一个实现它的计划可以给你一个成功的路线图。)”可知，作者建议学生要将宏大的计划拆分成一个个细小的可实现的计划。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.(如果你觉得你的人际交往能力需要一些工作，练习提出深思熟虑的问题并仔细倾听，通过设身处地为别人着想来发展你的理解，增强你的自信心。)”可知，新生在人际交往时学会倾听。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Organization is the key，so if you are not someone who is naturally organized，set up your study schedule.(组织是关键，所以如果你不是一个自然有条理的人，那就制定你的学习时间表。)”可知，在大学成功学习的关键是要学会成为一个有条理性的人，并科学安排自己的时间。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance.(理财是一项至关重要的生活技能，对许多人来说，正是在大学里，他们第一次发展了这项技能。从估计你的财务平衡开始。)”可知大学生要学会自主管理金钱，首先要让收支相抵。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2021·天津·高考真题）Job for You! Family Alliance Meal Delivery Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two  times a week for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County. All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. Working hours: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays For more information, contact Charles Chen at cchen@famd.com Or call 740-6668988 Lancaster Design We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless.     We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. Interested? Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org Or call 740-6119735 Lancaster Weekly Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more information Call 740-6538360 Parkview Nursing Home Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have  experience and interest in working with older adults. As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required. For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399 1．Which job requires a driver's license? A．Delivering meals. B．Delivering newspapers. C．Working at the warehouse. D．Working at the nursing home. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job? A．Applicants are expected to design furniture. B．Work is arranged according to one's skill set. C．It involves collecting furniture from homes. D．It favors applicants who are homeless. 3．A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by. A．Family Alliance Meal Delivery B．Lancaster Design C．Lancaster Weekly D．Parkview Nursing Home 4．Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly? A．740-6668988. B．740-6119735. C．740-6538360. D．740-6968399. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章刊登了四则招工广告。 1．细节理解题。该小题问哪份儿工作需要有驾照。根据第一则广告第二段“All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car.（所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。）”可知，第一则广告招聘外卖送餐工，并要求应聘者有驾照。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Lancaster Design 广告“Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.（应聘者将会被安排与自己技术相匹配的任务。）可知，B项（Lancaster Design job的工作是根据个人的技能来安排的）这一表述正确。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Lancaster Weekly“Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper.（成人和13岁以上的青少年都可以投递我们的报纸。）可知，中学生（13+）也有可能会被Lancaster Weekly雇佣。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据Parkview Nursing Home广告部分“We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have  experience and interest in working with older adults.( 我们寻找有耐心，有爱心，有经验和兴趣与老年人一起工作的人。)可知，Parkview Nursing Home招聘照顾老人的员工，他们养老院的电话是740-6968399。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2021·天津·高考真题）When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life. Participating in Campus Welcome Activities Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts. Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom. Exploring Campus Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have to look for them while still getting used to your classes. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes. Starting a Routine Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week. What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake. If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule. 1．By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can . A．learn about campus culture B．get their course schedule C．have a physical examination D．take an entrance test 2．Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ? A．To see how many facilities they can use. B．To avoid being late for future classes. C．To help those getting lost on campus. D．To practice running on their way to class. 3．When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine? A．On the first day of their classes. B．Before the orientation week. C．After their first-day classes. D．During the orientation week. 4．What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class? A．Take physical exercise before class. B．Leave their phones powered off. C．Take early classes every day. D．Keep to the sleep schedule. 5．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To offer some tips on making an easier start at college. B．To remind freshmen about the first day of school. C．To help freshmen organize campus activities. D．To share his college experience with the reader. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对新生真正开学前一周的活动给出一些建议，帮助新生轻松开始大学生活。 1．细节理解题。根据Participating in Campus Welcome Activities标题下的第二段中“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture:（参加这些活动是了解学校设施和了解校园文化的好方法）”可知，参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化，故选择A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus标题下的第二段中“That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.（那样，你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误）”可知，快跑测试，可以避免将来上课迟到，故选择B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Starting a Routine 标题下的第一段“Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.（课程开始意味着在不同的时间呆在不同的地方，所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意）”可知，right this week指的是正式开学前的这一周，也叫orientation week“迎新周” ，故选择D项。 4．推理判断题题。根据Starting a Routine 标题下的第二段“What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.（最有帮助的就是安排好的你的睡眠，按照计划的时间，将确保你有足够的睡眠来参加早上的课程，并保持清醒）”可知，想要保持清醒专注，就要保证睡眠时间。故选择D项。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.（以下是几个帮你轻松进入大学生活的建议）”可知，作者主要是提出一些轻松开始大学生活的建议。故选择A项。 依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 直接信息题可先通过题干来定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息 依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了关键词后，快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案 依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 审清楚题目问的是什么，找到关键信息，再回到原文，采用略读或寻读的方法快速浏览文章，找到相关内容 语义转换，寻找同义词或近义词 通过语义的转换，在文章中寻找题干中关键词的同义词或近义词 选出答案 对比选项和原文，选出正确答案 仔细阅读题干，抓取关键信息 审清楚题目问的是什么，提取关键信息，再回到原文找到对应句子 综合考虑，计算数字 在文章对应位置细读原文中的具体信息，综合原文中多个信息点，全面思考后计算得出答案 仔细阅读题干，抓取关键信息 审清楚题目问的是什么，抓取关键信息，再回到原文搜索对应句子 根据关键信息，定位文章具体内容 在文章对应位置细读原文中的具体信息，甄别所有信息点，不遗漏内容 概括总结，得出答案 综合原文中多个信息点，概括总结后得出答案 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 阅读理解之细节理解题 目录 01 1 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 2 考点一 题型特征 3 知识点1 细节理解题的解题捷径 3 知识点2 细节理解题的正确选项特征 3 知识点3 细节理解题的错误选项特征 3 考点二 直接信息题 3 知识点 直接信息题 3 考向 直接信息题 4 考点三 间接信息题 4 知识点1 同义词转换 4 知识点2 数字计算题 5 知识点3 概括归纳题 5 考向1 同义词转换 6 考向2 数字计算题 6 考向3 概括归纳题 6 04 真题溯源·考向感知 7 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 细节理解题 选择题 非选择题 3月，A篇，4道 3月，B篇，1道 3月，C篇，3道 3月，D篇，3道 3月，C篇，1道 3月，D篇，1道 6月，B篇，1道 6月，C篇，3道 3月，A篇，4道 3月，B篇，3道 3月，C篇，2道 3月，D篇，3道 6月，A篇，5道 6月，B篇，3道 6月，C篇，4道 6月，D篇，4道 考情分析： 细节理解题每年占至少10道题，细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。体裁以应用文为主，说明文和记叙文为辅。近几年也增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 复习目标： 1. 掌握直接信息题的解题方法； 2. 掌握间接信息题的解题方法。 考点一 题型特征 知识点1 细节理解题的解题捷径 解题分三步： （1）先读题干，抓住关键词； （2）带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子； （3）仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 知识点2 细节理解题的正确选项特征 原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 知识点3 细节理解题的错误选项特征 扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖 无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及 偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容 张冠李戴 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 考点二 直接信息题 知识点 直接信息题 在解答直接信息题时，学生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。 考向 直接信息题 例1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started. 29.What information does the convenient app offer？ A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 考点三 间接信息题 知识点1 同义词转换 知识点2 数字计算题 此类试题要求学生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查学生对具体细节信息的处理能力。 知识点3 概括归纳题 为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。 考向1 同义词转换 例1 （2024·浙江1月卷）We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. 2. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between 　　　　. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 考向2 数字计算题 例1 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day （24 hours） 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A.15.75.　　　　　　B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. 考向3 概括归纳题 例1 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind (下风处)   of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 1. What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. Passage 1 （2023·天津·高考真题）Welcome to UCLA Exchange Program! Let’s get started by checking out Student Guide for your academic journey! Signing up for ESL (English as a Second Language) ESL courses are designed to help international students improve academic English language skills. Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students. If space is available, you may enroll. You will then be asked to take an ESL Placement Test. The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you. Changing Your Course Enrollment List You may change your class schedule during the first two weeks of the term by adding or dropping courses from your enrollment list. After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change. Students often attend classes in which they are not enrolled on the first day of instruction to try adding this new course to the list, as other students may have dropped it. Withdrawing from Courses If you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule. If you forget to officially drop that course, a “F” (Fail) grade will be registered on your record at the end of the term. If, at a later date, you wish to apply for a job or graduate school where an official copy of your UCLA record is required, it will be to your advantage to provide an impressive academic record. Taking Exams Some instructors choose to put previous test papers on library reserve,  making them available to all students. These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material. You can also access the exams online. 1．Exchange students can enroll in the ESL course if they ________. A．have done well in the placement test B．are asked to improve their English skills C．find a vacancy after degree students’ enrollment D．have completed UCLA’s registration procedures 2．An ESL Placement Test is aimed to ________. A．improve the students’ language skills B．encourage the students to answer questions C．put the students in a class that fits them D．help the students apply for a degree 3．What is the deadline for a free enrollment list change? A．The day when the class is full. B．The first day of instruction. C．The first week of the class. D．The end of the second week. 4．What should exchange students do if they choose to stop taking a course? A．Seek assistance from UCLA officials. B．Go through the procedures to drop it. C．Present past academic records to UCLA． D．Make a request to the Registration Office. 5．Working on previous tests helps students ________. A．imitate the way that their instructors write test questions B．learn how questions are asked and what they are based on C．come up with new ideas about how testing relates to teaching D．narrow down to what has not yet been covered in online tests Passage 2 （2023·天津·高考真题）STUDENT EMPLOYMENT ON CAMPUS All students may apply to work on campus. Getting started Before starting any position, all students need to complete required taforms and show identification. International students also need: *Social Security card        *Bank  account *Valid  passport          *Official work permit *Letter of support from the office of International Student Life Looking for a job on Handshake Handshake is an online job search platform for college students. With a Handshake account, students can receive information about career events and personalized job recommendations. To use Handshake, just follow these steps: *Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college. *Complete personalization of your profile. *Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button. *Fill out desired information: location, job type, etc. *Apply directly by clicking “Apply Now” button. You can also make appointments to meet with a career coach, access career resources, and explore careers that interest you. On-campus jobs available for students *Academic department assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Thursday) *Dining services (Lunchtime on weekdays) *Library assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Wednesday/Friday) *Bookstore/mailroom(9:00-12:00 at weekends) *Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays) Maximum working hours *During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week. *During the summer break, a student may not work more than 30 hours a week. *The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job. For more information, find us at Career Development Office, 211Hughes Hall; careerdevelopment@dreamcollege.edu, 555-520-1314 1．What documents are necessary for an international student to seek employment? A．Passport and Insurance Certificate. B．Work permit and Academic report. C．Bank account and Letter of support. D．Health Certificate and Social Security card. 2．Before searching for a job on Handshake, you need to_________. A．consult a career coach B．personalize your profile C．attend job training D．set up a new email account 3．Where could you work on Tuesday evenings? A．In the athletic department. B．In the dining hall. C．In the library. D．In the bookstore. 4．Which working arrangement is allowed for a domestic student? A．40 hours per week during the summer break. B．20 hours per week during the semester. C．2 jobs, each with 16 hours per week. D．3 jobs, each with 2 hours per week. 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A university website. B．A course guide. C．A summer camp notice. D．A business magazine. Passage 3 （2022·天津·高考真题）Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, re-member they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. Interpersonal skills At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence. Studying With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. Budgeting Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings…and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too. 1．Who is this passage most probably written for? A．College teachers. B．University graduates. C．High school teachers. D．Would-be college students. 2．What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A．Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B．Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C．Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D．Push oneself to an upper level. 3．One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________. A．prepare complicated questions B．try on someone else’s shoes C．listen to others carefully D．take advantage of others 4．What is the key to successful college study according to the author? A．Being well-organized. B．Being well-informed. C．Effective reading skills. D．Reliable research methods. 5．To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is________. A．save money for financial investment B．estimate one’s income and expenses C．set aside money for fun activities D．open a personal bank account Passage 4 （2021·天津·高考真题）Job for You! Family Alliance Meal Delivery Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two  times a week for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County. All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. Working hours: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays For more information, contact Charles Chen at cchen@famd.com Or call 740-6668988 Lancaster Design We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless.     We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. Interested? Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org Or call 740-6119735 Lancaster Weekly Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more information Call 740-6538360 Parkview Nursing Home Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have  experience and interest in working with older adults. As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required. For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399 1．Which job requires a driver's license? A．Delivering meals. B．Delivering newspapers. C．Working at the warehouse. D．Working at the nursing home. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job? A．Applicants are expected to design furniture. B．Work is arranged according to one's skill set. C．It involves collecting furniture from homes. D．It favors applicants who are homeless. 3．A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by. A．Family Alliance Meal Delivery B．Lancaster Design C．Lancaster Weekly D．Parkview Nursing Home 4．Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly? A．740-6668988. B．740-6119735. C．740-6538360. D．740-6968399. Passage 5 （2021·天津·高考真题）When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life. Participating in Campus Welcome Activities Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts. Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom. Exploring Campus Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have to look for them while still getting used to your classes. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes. Starting a Routine Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week. What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake. If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule. 1．By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can __________. A．learn about campus culture B．get their course schedule C．have a physical examination D．take an entrance test 2．Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings? A．To see how many facilities they can use. B．To avoid being late for future classes. C．To help those getting lost on campus. D．To practice running on their way to class. 3．When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine? A．On the first day of their classes. B．Before the orientation week. C．After their first-day classes. D．During the orientation week. 4．What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class? A．Take physical exercise before class. B．Leave their phones powered off. C．Take early classes every day. D．Keep to the sleep schedule. 5．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To offer some tips on making an easier start at college. B．To remind freshmen about the first day of school. C．To help freshmen organize campus activities. D．To share his college experience with the reader. 依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 直接信息题可先通过题干来定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息 依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了关键词后，快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案 依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 审清楚题目问的是什么，找到关键信息，再回到原文，采用略读或寻读的方法快速浏览文章，找到相关内容 语义转换，寻找同义词或近义词 通过语义的转换，在文章中寻找题干中关键词的同义词或近义词 选出答案 对比选项和原文，选出正确答案 仔细阅读题干，抓取关键信息 审清楚题目问的是什么，提取关键信息，再回到原文找到对应句子 综合考虑，计算数字 在文章对应位置细读原文中的具体信息，综合原文中多个信息点，全面思考后计算得出答案 仔细阅读题干，抓取关键信息 审清楚题目问的是什么，抓取关键信息，再回到原文搜索对应句子 根据关键信息，定位文章具体内容 在文章对应位置细读原文中的具体信息，甄别所有信息点，不遗漏内容 概括总结，得出答案 综合原文中多个信息点，概括总结后得出答案 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $