跟着课文学语法丨人教版·选择性必修一

Unit 1 People of achievement 选择性必修 关系代词及关系副词 引导的非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，即使去掉，主句意思依然完 整。它可以修饰主句中的名词、短语，甚至整个主句。 一、关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句 1.who/whom引导 who在从句中作主语，whom作宾语，二者都用于指人。 My English teacher,.who is very patient,often helps me with my pronunciation.我的英语老师，她非 常有耐心，经常帮助我纠正发音。 (“who is very patient'”补充说明老师的特点，“who”作从句主语) The man,whom I met at the party last week,is a famous scientist.那个男人，我上周在派对上遇见 的，是一位著名的科学家。 (“whom I met at the party last week”修饰“the man'”,“whom”作“met”的宾语) (观察试题) My grandfather, is over eighty years old,still goes for a walk every day. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 【解析】先行词是“My grandfather'”,指人，在从句中作主语，非限定性定语从句用who引导，选C 语篇示例 Lily has a brother,who is a doctor in a big hospital.He works very hard,which makes him very popular among patients.Last week,Lily visited him,whom she hadnt seen for half a year.They had a great time together 2.which引导 whi©h指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，它还能指代主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整 个主句。 This book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting.这本书，我昨天买的，非常有趣。 (“which I bought yesterday”修饰“book”,“which”作“bought”的宾语) She passed the exam with flying colors,hich made her parents very proud.她以优异的成绩通过 了考试，这让她的父母非常骄傲。 (“hich made her parents very proud”中“which”指代前面整个句子“She passed the exam with flying colors”) He is always busy,which we all know.他总是很忙，这一点我们都知道。 (“which”指代“He is always busy'”这个事实，在从句中作宾语) (观察试题) The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect 90语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 A.what B.which C.that D.it 【解析】which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子The weather turned out to be very good,选 B。 语篇示例 We went to a bookstore,which is near our school.There are many books there,which attract a lot of students.I bought a novel,which is written by my favorite author.Reading it,which I do every night, brings me a lot of happiness. 3.whose引导 whose是who的所有格形式，可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 The girl,whose hair is long and black,is my sister.那个头发又长又黑的女孩是我的妹妹。 (“whose hair is long and black”修饰“the girl'”,“whose”修饰“hair”作定语) I have a dog,whose name is Coco.我有一只狗，它的名字叫可可。 (“whose name is Coco”修饰“dog”,“whose”修饰“name”) (观察试题) The factory,_ _products are of high quality,has received many orders recently A.which B.whose C.that D.where 【解析】先行词是“the factory”,“products'”与“factory”是所属关系，“工厂的产品”，在从句中作定语， 用whose引导非限定性定语从句，所以选B。 语篇示例 There is a girl in my class,whose parents are both teachers.She has a notebook,whose cover is decorated with beautiful stickers.The notebook,whose pages are full of her notes,helps her study well. 3.as引导 s引导非限定性定语从句时，可指代整个主句内容，意为“正如…”，从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中 或句末。 As we all know,the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 (“As we all know”'位于句首，“as”指代后面整个句子) The plan was a great success,as we had expected.这个计划非常成功，正如我们所期望的。 (“as we had expected”位于句末，“as”指代“The plan was a great success'”) Taiwan,as is known to everyone,is an inalienable part of China.台湾，众所周知，是中国不可分割的 一部分。 (“as is known to everyone”位于句中，“as”指代“Taiwan is an inalienable part of China”) (观察试题) The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. A.what B.that C.how D.as 【解析】as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个句子“The Beatles came from Liverpool'",选D。 语篇示例 As is reported,our school will hold a sports meeting next month.Many students are looking forward to it,as it is a good chance to show their abilities.The event,as we all think,will be a great success. 跟着课文学语法 、教版（必修+选必修）91 二、关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句 1.when引导 when在从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。 Ne will go on a trip to Beijing next week,when the weather will be more pleasant..(我们下周将去北 京旅行，那时天气会更宜人。 (“when the weather will be more pleasant'”修饰“next week”,“when”作时间状语) He was born in1990,when the world was experiencing great changes..他出生于1990年，那时世界 正在经历巨大的变化。 (“when the world was experiencing great changes”说明“1990年”的情况，“when”作时间状语) (观察试题) We will have a party on Christmas Eve, (when/which)everyone will dress up. 【解析】先行词是“Christmas Eve”,表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限定性定语从句， 所以填when。 语篇示例 I was born in 2005,when my parents were still young.I started primary school in 2011,when I made many good friends.Now I am in high school,when I face more challenges. 2.where引导 where在从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。 They visited the small town,where they spent their childhood.他们参观了那个小镇，在那里他们度 过了童年。 (“where they spent their childhood'”修饰“the small town”,“where'”作地点状语) This is the park,where we often have picnics on weekends.这就是那个公园，我们周末经常在那里 野餐。 (“where we often have picnics on weekends”描述公园的用途，“where”作地点状语) (观察试题) They set up a new school, (where/which)many children can receive education. 【解析】先行词是“a new school'”,在从句“many children can receive education”中作地点状语，用 where引导非限定性定语从句，所以填where。 语篇示例 We went to a village,where the scenery is very beautiful.There is a river in the village,where many fish swim happily.We stayed in a small hotel,where the service is very good. 92语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【单元练习】 1.单项选择 ①He has two sons, work as doctors. A.two of which B.both of whom C.both of them D.all of whom ②The old man, abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland. A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked ③ is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing A.It B.What C.As D.Which 4 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students, allows them to communicate freely with each other. A.which B.where C.what D.who 5 The number of smokers, _is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A.it B.which C.what D.as ⑥The book,the cover is broken,is not mine. A.of it B.for which C.whose D.of which ⑦e are living in an age_ many things are done on computer. A.which B.that C.whose D.when 8 I will never forget the days we spent together last year. A.when B.which C.where D.on which 9 The meeting, was held in the hall,was a great success. A.that B.which C.where D.when 10 The book, I paid 20 yuan,is very interesting. A.which B.for which C.that D.to which 2.语法填空 ①The factory,._ (which/where)workers are all women,is closed for the Spring Festival. ②My friend,_ _(who/whom)I havent seen for a long time,will come to visit me tomorrow. 3 He bought a new car,(which/that)cost him a lot of money. 4 The house,(whose/which)windows face south,is very bright. ⑤The city, (where/which)I spent my childhood,has changed a lot. ⑥The boy,,_ (who/whom)I talked to just now,is my classmate. ⑦She has a lot of books, (most of which/most of them)are about history. 3.语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have a wonderful English teacher,1_ name is Ms.Green.She is from the UK and has been teaching in our school for five years.She always makes her classes lively and interesting,2 makes us love English more. 跟着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）93 Last week,she organized an English speech contest in our class.Many students took part in it,3 most of them did a great job.The winner of the contest was a girl 4(call)Lily.She is a hard-working student,5English is very good. Ms.Green also encourages us to read English books.She often says,"Reading is like a key 6 can open the door to a new world."With her help,we have made great progress in English. We all appreciate her,7help has been so important to us. She will leave our school next term,8we are all very sad about.But we know she will start a new life in a different place,9 she will continue to inspire more students.We will always remember her,10 has taught us not only knowledge but also how to be a better person. 【答案】 1.单项选择 ①选B。先行词是“two sons'”指人，且“both of+关系代词”结构，作从句主语，用whom,所以选both of whom。 2选D。“work”与“the old man”是主动关系，且“for twenty years”表明动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式 having worked。 ③选B。“」 is known to us all'”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。 ④选A。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students'”, 在从句中作主语。 ⑤选D。as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个句子“The number of smokers has dropped by17 percent in just one year" ⑥选D。“the cover of which”相当于whose cover,“of which”引导非限定性定语从句修饰“the book”。 ⑦选D。先行词是“an age”表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。 8选B。先行词是“the days'”,在从句中作“spent'”的宾语，用which引导。 ⑨)选B。先行词是“the meeting”,指物，在从句中作主语，且是非限定性定语从句，不能用that,所以用which引导，选B。 1O选B。“pay for.”为固定搭配，先行词是“the book”,指物，在从句中作“for”的宾语，非限定性定语从句用“for which'” 引导，选B。 2.语法填空 ①whose。workers与factory是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 2)whom。先行词是“ly friend”,在从句中作宾语，用Whom引导。 ③which。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代“a new car'”,在从句中作主语。 4 whose。windows与house是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑤)where。先行词是“The city”,在从句“I spent my childhood”中作地，点状语，用here引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑥whom。先行词是“The boy',在从句“I talked to just now”中作宾语，非限定性定语从句中，作宾语指人用whom。 ⑦most of which。.逗号后面是从句，“most of+关系代词”结构，先行词是“books”,指物，用most of which引导非限定性 定语从句。 3.语篇填空 ①hose。name与teacher是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ②which。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She always makes her classes lively and interesting''。 ③)and。“Many students took part in it'”和“most of them did a great job”是并列关系，用and连接。 ④)called。“a girl'”与“call”是被动关系，用过去分词called作后置定语。 ⑤whose。English与student是所属关系，用Whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑥that/which。先行词是“akey”,在从句中作主语，用that或which引导定语从句。 ⑦whose。help与Ms.Green是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑧which。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She will leave our school next term”。 9 where。先行词是“a different place”,在从句中作地，点状语，用where引导非限定性定语从句。 0who。先行词是“her”,在从句中作主语，用who引导非限定性定语从句。 94语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 2 Looking into the future 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的结构与意义 过去将来时常见结构为“woud+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”，表示从过去的某一时 间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。 1.woud+动词原形： He said he would come back soon.他说他很快就会回来。 (从“他说”这个过去时间点看，“回来”是将来动作) They promised they would hep us.他们承诺会帮助我们。 (“承诺”是过去动作，“帮助”是基于过去承诺的将来行为) 2.was/were going to+动词原形： Shetold me shewas going to study abroad.她告诉我她打算出国留学。 (在“她告诉”这个过去时间，“出国留学”是计划中的将来动作) e thought it was going to rain.我们以为要下雨了。 (从“我们认为”的过去时间推测未来天气情况) (观察试题) He said that he to Beijing the next day A.will go B.would go C.is going D.goes 答案：B解析：主句“He said”是过去时，宾语从句中从过去角度看将来的动作，用“would+动词原形”。 二、过去将来时在不同语境中的应用 1.在宾语从句中的应用 当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，宾语从句中若表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情，需用过去将来时。 I didnt know if he would attend the mee过ing.我不知道他是否会参加会议。 (“不知道”是过去动作，“参加会议”是基于过去的未知的将来动作)》 She asked when they would start the project..她问他们什么时候开始这个项目。 (“问”是过去行为，“开始项目”是过去询问时的将来动作) 2.在间接引语中的应用 直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语是一般将来时，间接引语通常要用过去将来时。 Direct speech:He said,"I will finish thework tomorrow." Indirect speech:He said he would finish the work the next day..他说他第二天会完成工作。 Direct speech:She said,"I am going to visit my parents." Indirect speech:She said she was going tovisit her parents.她说她打算去看望她的父母。 (观察试题) The teacher told us that we _a picnic next week. A.will have B.would have C.are having D.had 跟着课文学语法 、教版（必修+选必修）95 答案：B解析：主句“The teacher told us”是过去时，宾语从句中“next week"表示从过去看将来，用过 去将来时“would have”。 三、过去将来时的其它表达形式 1.was/wereto+动词原形 表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，或用于过去未实现的计划。 We were to meet at the station,but he di dnt show up 我们本计划在车站见面，但他没出现。（表示过去计划未实现） The new buil ding was to be campl eted next month. 这座新大楼原计划下个月完工。（表示过去的计划安排） 2.was/were about to+动词原形 表示过去即将发生的动作，常与whe引导的时间状语从句连用，意为“正要…这时…”。 |vas about to leave when the phone rang.我正要离开，这时电话响了。 They were about to start the game when it began to rain.他们正要开始比赛，这时天开始下雨了。 (观察试题) She to start her own business,but then she changed her mind. A.was to B.is to C.will be D.has been 答案：A解析：根据"but then she changed her mind'可知，l此处表示过去计划做某事，用“was to+动词原形”。 四、过去将来时在语篇中的应用 Last year,my family decided to move to a new city.My parents tdd me that we would live in a bigger house.I was excited because I was going to have my own bedroom.My sister said she would hep me decarate it.We were to start the new life in two manths,but then my fatherswork plan changed.We didnt move as we had planned. 去年，我的家人决定搬到一个新城市。我父母告诉我我们将住在一个更大的房子里。我很兴奋，因为 我将拥有自已的卧室。我姐姐说她会帮我装饰它。我们原计划两个月后开始新生活，但后来我父亲的工作 计划改变了，我们没有按计划搬家。 (观察试题) According to the passage,which of the following was NOT true? A.The family would live in a bigger house.B.The writer was going to have his own bedroom C.The family started the new life in two months.D.The fathers work plan changed 答案：C解析：文中提到“e were to start the new life in two months,but then my fathers work plan changed.Ne didnt move as we had planned.”,说明家庭没有在两个月后开始新生活。 【总结】 牢记“would+动词原形”和“was/were going to+动词原形”两种常见结构，用于从过去看将来的动作。 在宾语从句和间接引语中，当主句为过去时态时，注意使用过去将来时；同时关注其他表达形式（如 was/wereto、was/wereabout to)的用法及语境。 在阅读和写作中，通过上下文判断过去将来时的应用，理解其在描述过去计划、预期等方面的作用。 96语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【单元练习】 1.语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意使用过去将来时） 1 He said he(come)back in an hour. ②Shetold methat she _(not go)to the party the next day. 3 Wewere surethat we(win)the game. 4 The teacher said we(have)atest the following week. 5 They thought it(rain)soon. 2.短文改错（每句均有一处与过去将来时相关的错误，找出并改正） 1I didnt know if hewill come to the party. 2 She said she was going visit her grandparents the next weekend. 3 We wereto sarting the project the following month,but it was de ayed. 4 Hetold methat he would have fini shed thework tomorrow. 5 They thought they might can pass the exam 3.语篇填空（在空白处填入合适的过去将来时形式或相关词） Last month,I waslooking forward to my trip to Paris.I had planned everything carefully.I 1. (tay） in a small hote near the Eiffel Tower.I 2.(visit)all the famous attractions.I was so excited.But then,I received a call from my boss.He said there 3.(be)an important meeting the next week and I 4. (have to)attend it.I was very disappointed.I thought I 5.(not be)able to go on the trip.However,my boss said I 6.(can)go after the meeting.So,I had to change my plans. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析（分析下列句子中过去将来时的用法及表达的含义） 1 The old man said hewould tell us a story about his childhood. 2 Shewas about to leave when her friend arrived. 5.句子改写（根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变） ①He said,“I will buy a new car next month.”(改为间接引语) ②She thought she mi ght go to the concert.(改为否定句) ③Ve were going to have a picnic,but it rained.(用would改写，保持句意基本不变) 6.写作应用（根据中文提示，用过去将来时完成英语句子） ①他说他第二天会给我打电话。He said he_me the next day: ②我们以为她会来参加聚会，但她没有来。Ve thought she_to the party,.but she didnt come. ③他们原计划下周开始这项工作。Theystart the work next week. ④我问他是否会和我们一起去看电影。I asked him if he_to the movies with us. ⑤她告诉我她会在车站等我。Shetold methat she for me at the station. 跟着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）97 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：would come解析：主句“He said''是过去时，宾语从句中从过去角度看将来的动作，用“would+动词原形”，所以 填would come. ②答案：would not go解析：“She told me”是过去时，从句表示过去将来的否定动作，用“would not+动词原形”，所以填 would not go ③答案：would win解析：“Ve were sure”是过去时，“win the game”是基于过去的将来动作，用“would+动词原形”，所以 填would win。 ④答案：would have解析：“The teacher said'”是过去时，“have a test'"是过去将来的动作，用“would+动词原形”，所以填 would have。 ⑤答案：would rain解析：“They thought'”是过去时，“rain soon''是过去将来的动作，用would+动词原形”，所以填would rain。 2.短文改错 ①答案：将il改为would解析：主句“I didnt know'是过去时，宾语从句中应使用过去将来时，所以将wil改为would. ②答案：在going后加to解析：“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，此处缺少to,应在going后加to。 ③答案：将starting改为sat解析：“beto+动词原形”表示按计划或安排将要做某事，此处应用动词原形stat,所以将 starting改为tat。 ④答案：将tomorrow改为the next day解析：在间接引语中，时间状语tomorrow应改为the next day,所以将tomorrow改为 the next day。 ⑤答案：去掉can解析：“might'"是情态动词，后接动词原形，不能再用can,所以去掉can。 3.语篇填空 ①答案：would stay解析：根据前文“Last month,I was looking forward to my trip to Paris..I had planned everything carefully.”可知，此处表示过去将来的动作，用“would+动词原形”，所以填would stay。 ②2答案：would visit解析：同理，此处也表示过去将来的动作，用“woud+动词原形”，所以填would visit。 3)答案：would be解析：“He said'是过去时，宾语从句中表示过去将来的存在，用“would be”,所以填would be。 ④答案：would have to解析：“have to'"的过去将来时为“would have to”,所以填would haveto。 5)答案：would not be解析：表示过去将来的否定，用“would not be'”,所以填would not be。 ⑥答案：could解析：“can”的过去式为could,所以填could。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①用法及含义：“would tell”是过去将来时，用于宾语从句中，表达从过去的角度看将来要发生的动作，即老人说他将会 给我们讲一个关于他童年的故事。 ②用法及含义：“was about to leave”是过去将来时的一种表达形式，表示过去即将发生的动作，即她正要离开的时候她的 朋友到了。 5.句子改写 ①答案：He said he would buy a new car the next month. ②答案：She thought she might not go to the concert.. ③答案：Ne would have had a picnic,but it rained, 6.写作应用 ①答案：would call②答案：would come③答案：were going to ④答案：would go⑤答案：would wait 98语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 3 Fascinating parks 动词-ed形式 一、动词-ed形式 动词-ed形式，即动词的过去分词形式，在英语中具有多种用法，主要包括形容词用法、被动语态和完成 时态等方面。 1.作形容词 说明人或事物的特征或状态：过去分词作形容词时，通常用来描述人或事物的感受、情绪或所处的状 态，强调被动或完成的意义。如： The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。 (“excited”表示孩子们处于兴奋的状态，是“感到兴奋的”。) Ne were alltired after along day ofwork.经过漫长的一天工作，我们都很累。 (“tired”描述“我们”的状态是“感到疲惫的”。) 2.作前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如： Ibought aused caryesterday..我昨天买了一辆二手车。 (“used”表示“被使用过的”，修饰“car”。) The broken window needstobe repaired.破碎的窗户需要修理。 (“broken”表示“破碎的”，修饰“window”,表明窗户是已经被打破的状态。) 3.作后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如： The book written by Lu Xun isvery popular..鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。 (“written by Lu Xun”修饰“book”,相当于“which is written by Lu Xun”。) The boynamed Tom ismy classmate.那个名叫汤姆的男孩是我的同学。 (“named Tom”修饰“the boy”,相当于“whoisnamedTom”。) (观察试题) A study of 1.2 million photos 64(take)by cameras on drones over the Amazon rainforest from 2010 to 2019hasrevealed that human activities areleading to asharp decline in tree growth. 答案：taken。解析“photos”与“take”之间是被动关系，意为“被无人机上的相机拍摄的照片”，所以用 过去分词taken作后置定语，修饰“photos”。 4.用于被动语态 构成各种时态的被动语态：be+过去分词，根据不同的时态，be动词会有不同的形式变化。如： ①一般现在时的被动语态：Theroom is cleaned every day..房间每天都被打扫。 ②一般过去时的被动语态：Theletterwaswritten yesterday.这封信是昨天写的。 ③现在完成时的被动语态：Thework hasbeen finished.工作已经完成了。 (观察试题) The Chinese government has also invested a lot to protect cultural 65(relic).Some cultural relics 66 (damage)inthepast years. 答案：relics解析have been damaged。.第一空填relics,因为“cultural relic”是可数名词，这里用复数 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）99