必修二-高中英语跟着课文学语法（冀教版必修+选必修）

Unit 1 Family 关系代词及关系副词 引导的非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，即使去掉，主句意思依然完 整。它可以修饰主句中的名词、短语，甚至整个主句。 一、关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句 1.who/whom引导 who在从句中作主语，whom作宾语，二者都用于指人。 My English teacher,who is very patient,often helps me with my pronunciation.我的英语老师，她非 常有耐心，经常帮助我纠正发音。 (“who is very patient'”补充说明老师的特点，“who”作从句主语) The man,whom I met at the party last week,is a famous scientist.那个男人，我上周在派对上遇见 的，是一位著名的科学家。 (“whom I met at the party last week'”修饰“the man”,“whom”作“met”的宾语) (观察试题) My grandfather,is over eighty years old,still goes for a walk every day. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 【解析】先行词是“My grandfather'”,指人，在从句中作主语，非限定性定语从句用who引导，选C。 语篇示例 Lily has a brother,who is a doctor in a big hospital.He works very hard,which makes him very popular among patients.Last week,Lily visited him,whom she hadnt seen for half a year.They had a great time together. 2.which引导 which指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，它还能指代主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整 个主句。 This book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting.这本书，我昨天买的，非常有趣。 (“which I bought yesterday'修饰“book”,“which”作“bought'”的宾语) She passed the exam with flying colors,which made her parents very proud.她以优异的成绩通过 了考试，这让她的父母非常骄傲。 (“which made her parents very proud”中“which”指代前面整个句子“She passed the exam with flying colors”) He is always busy,hich we all know.他总是很忙，这一点我们都知道。 (“which”指代“He is always busy”这个事实，在从句中作宾语) (观察试题) The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect. 跟着课文学语法 冀教版（必修+选必修）41 A.what B.which C.that D.it 【解析】which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子The weather turned out to be very good,.选 B。 语篇示例 We went to a bookstore,which is near our school.There are many books there,which attract a lot of students.I bought a novel,which is written by my favorite author.Reading it,which I do every night, brings me a lot of happiness. 3.whose引导 whose是who的所有格形式，可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 The girl,whose hair is long and black,is my sister.那个头发又长又黑的女孩是我的妹妹。 (“whose hair is long and black”修饰“the girl'”,“whose”修饰“hair”作定语) I have a dog,.whose name is Coco.我有一只狗，它的名字叫可可。 (“whose name is Coco'”修饰“dog”,“whose”修饰“name”) (观察试题) The factory, _products are of high quality,has received many orders recently. A.which B.whose C.that D.where 【解析】先行词是“the factory”,“products”与“factory'”是所属关系，“工厂的产品”，在从句中作定语， 用whose引导非限定性定语从句，所以选B。 语篇示例 There is a girl in my class,whose parents are both teachers.She has a notebook,whose cover is decorated with beautiful stickers.The notebook,whose pages are full of her notes,helps her study well. 3.as引导 s引导非限定性定语从句时，可指代整个主句内容，意为“正如…”，从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中 或句末。 As we all know,the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 (“As we all know”位于句首，“as”指代后面整个句子) The plan was a great success,as we had expected.这个计划非常成功，正如我们所期望的。 (“as we had expected”位于句末，“as”指代“The plan was a great success”) Taiwan,as is known to everyone,is an inalienable part of China.台湾，众所周知，是中国不可分割的 一部分。 (“as is known to everyone”位于句中，“as”指代“Taiwan is an inalienable part of China”) (观察试题)】 The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. A.what B.that C.how D.as 【解析】as引|导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个句子“The Beatles came from Liverpool'”,选D。 语篇示例 As is reported,our school will hold a sports meeting next month.Many students are looking forward to it,as it is a good chance to show their abilities.The event,as we all think,will be a great success. 42语法点精准定位课文 习事半功倍 Unit 2 School life 二、关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句 1.when引l导 when在从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。 We will go on a trip to Beijing next week,when the weather will be more pleasant.(我们下周将去北 京旅行，那时天气会更宜人。 (“when the weather will be more pleasant'”修饰“next week'”,“when”作时间状语) He was born in1990,hen the world was experiencing great changes..他出生于1990年，那时世界 正在经历巨大的变化。 (“when the world was experiencing great changes'”说明“1990年”的情况，“when”作时间状语) (观察试题) We will have a party on Christmas Eve,_(when/which)everyone will dress up. 【解析】先行词是“Christmas Eve”,表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限定性定语从句， 所以填when。 语篇示例 I was born in 2005,when my parents were still young.I started primary school in 2011,when I made many good friends.Now I am in high school,when I face more challenges. 2.where引导 where在从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。 They visited the small town,where they spent their childhood.他们参观了那个小镇，在那里他们度 过了童年。 (“where they spent their childhood”修饰“the small town”,“where'”作地点状语) This is the park,where we often have picnics on weekends.这就是那个公园，我们周末经常在那里 野餐。 (“where we often have picnics on weekends”描述公园的用途，“where'”作地点状语) (观察试题) They set up a new school,_ (where/which)many children can receive education. 【解析】先行词是“a new school'”,在从句“many children can receive education'”中作地点状语，用 where引导非限定性定语从句，所以填where。 语篇示例 We went to a village,where the scenery is very beautiful.There is a river in the village,where many fish swim happily.We stayed in a small hotel,where the service is very good. 跟着课文学语法 冀教版（必修+选必修）43 【单元练习】 1.单项选择 ①He has two sons,._ work as doctors A.two of which B.both of whom C.both of them D.all of whom ②The old man, abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland. A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked 3 is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing A.It B.What C.As D.Which 4 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students, allows them to communicate freely with each other. A.which B.where C.what D.who 5 The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A.it B.which C.what D.as ⑥The book,the cover is broken,is not mine. A.of it B.for which C.whose D.of which ⑦Ve are living in an age many things are done on computer. A.which B.that C.whose D.when ⑧I will never forget the days」 we spent together last year. A.when B.which C.where D.on which ⑨The meeting, was held in the hall,was a great success. A.that B.which C.where D.when 10 The book, I paid 20 yuan,is very interesting. A.which B.for which C.that D.to which 2.语法填空 ①The factory,. (which/where)workers are all women,is closed for the Spring Festival. ②My friend, (who/whom)I havent seen for a long time,will come to visit me tomorrow. 3 He bought a new car,(which/that)cost him a lot of money. 4 The house,(whose/which)windows face south,is very bright. ⑤The city, (where/which)I spent my childhood,has changed a lot. ⑥The boy,_ (who/whom)I talked to just now,is my classmate. 7 She has a lot of books,(most of which/most of them)are about history. 3.语篇填 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have a wonderful English teacher,1 name is Ms.Green.She is from the UK and has been teaching in our school for five years.She always makes her classes lively and interesting,2 makes us love English more. 44语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Last week,she organized an English speech contest in our class.Many students took part in it,3 most of them did a great job.The winner of the contest was a girl 4(call)Lily.She is a hard-working student,5 English is very good. Ms.Green also encourages us to read English books.She often says,"Reading is like a key 6 can open the door to a new world."With her help,we have made great progress in English. We all appreciate her,7help has been so important to us. She will leave our school next term,8we are all very sad about.But we know she will start a new life in a different place,9she will continue to inspire more students.We will always remember her,10_has taught us not only knowledge but also how to be a better person. 【答案】 1.单项选择 ①选B。先行词是“two sons'”指人，且“both of+关系代词”结构，作从句主语，用whom,所以选both of whom。 ②选D。“work”与“the old man'”是主动关系，且“for twenty years”表明动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式 having worked。 ③选B。“ is known to us all'”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。 ④选A。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students'”, 在从句中作主语。 ⑤选D。as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个句子“The number of smokers has dropped by17 percent in just one year" ⑥选D。“the cover of which”相当于whose cover,“of which”引导非限定性定语从句修饰“the book”。 ⑦)选D。先行词是“an age”表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。 8)选B。先行词是“the days'”,在从句中作“spent”的宾语，用which引导。 ⑨)选B。先行词是“the meeting”,指物，在从句中作主语，且是非限定性定语从句，不能用that,所以用which引导，选B。 0选B。“pay for.”为固定搭配，先行词是“the book”,指物，在从句中作“for”的宾语，非限定性定语从句用“for which' 引导，选B。 2.语法填空 ①whose。workers与factory是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 2whom。先行词是“My friend”,在从句中作宾语，用whom引导。 ③hich。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代“a new car”,在从句中作主语。 ④whose.。windows与house是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句： ⑤where。先行词是“The city”,在从句“I spent my childhood''中作地，点状语，用where引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑥whom。先行词是“The boy'”,在从句“I talked to just now”中作宾语，非限定性定语从句中，作宾语指人用whom。 ⑦most of which。.逗号后面是从句，“most of+关系代词”结构，先行词是“books”,指物，用most of which引导非限定性 定语从句。 3.语篇填空 ①whose。name与teacher是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ②which。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She always makes her classes lively and interesting''。 ③and。“Many students took part in it”和“most of them did a great job”是并列关系，用and连接。 ④)called。“a girl'”与“call”是被动关系，用过去分词called作后置定语。 ⑤)whose。English与student是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑥that/which。先行词是“akey”,在从句中作主语，用that或which引导定语从句。 ⑦whose。help与Ms.Green是所属关系，用whose引导非限定性定语从句。 8 which。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She will leave our school next term”。 ⑨)where。先行词是“a different place”,在从句中作地，点状语，用where引导非限定性定语从句。 0who。先行词是“her”,在从句中作主语，用who引导非限定性定语从句。 跟着课文学语法 冀教版（必修+选必修）45 Unit 3 Be active and healthy 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的基本形式 动词不定式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to be done 完成进行式 to have been doing 二、动词不定式的一般式(to+动词原形) 表示将来的动作：一般式的动词不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后，与谓语动词的动作在 时间上存在先后顺序。在句中充当多种成分。如： 1.作主语： To learn a foreign language is important.学习一门外语很重要。 2.作宾语： I want to buy a new book.我想买-本新书。 3.作宾语补足语： The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.老师让我们按时完成作业， 4.作定语： I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 5.作状语： He got up early to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 6.作表语： My dream is to become a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。 (观察试题) It is necessary (take)measures to protect the environment. 解析：此处考查动词不定式作真正主语，it是形式主语，构成“tis+形容词+to do sth.”结构，所以应 填to take。答案：to take 三、动词不定式的进行式(tobe+现在分词) 表示动作正在进行：强调不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且正在进行。通常作宾语、宾语补 足语、状语。如： 1.作宾语： He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.他妈妈进来时，他假装正在读书。 2.作宾语补足语： Ve saw him to be working in the garden.我们看到他正在花园里于活。 46语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 3.作状语： To be traveling around the world is my dream.正在环游世界是我的梦想。 (观察试题) The boy seemed_ (be)playing the piano when I passed by his room. 解析：“seem to be doing sth.”表示“似乎正在做某事”，此处表示当“我”经过时，男孩似乎正在弹钢 琴，所以填to be playing。答案：to be playing 四、动词不定式的完成式(to have+过去分词) 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前：即不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作完成。在句中充当多种成分。 如： 1.作主语： To have made such a mistake is a pity..犯了这样一个错误真是可惜。 2.作宾语： She regretted to have missed the film.她后悔错过了那部电影。 3.作宾语补足语： I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱款让你等了这么久。 4.作状语： To have finished the work on time,he worked day and night..为了按时完成工作，他日夜加班。 (观察试题) The student was very happy_(have)won the first prize in the competition 解析：“be happy to have done sth.”表示“很高兴已经做了某事”，“赢得比赛”这个动作发生在“很高 兴”之前，所以填to have won。.答案：to have won 五、动词不定式的完成进行式(to have been+现在分词) 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去：强调动作的持续性和未完成 性。在句中充当多种成分。如： 1.作主语： To have been studying English for ten years is a great achievement.已经学习英语十年是-项了不起 的成就。 2.作宾语： He appears to have been working on this project for months.他似乎已经致力于这个项目好几个月 了。 3.作宾语补足语： Ve found him to have been living here for a long time.我们发现他已经在这里住了很长时间了。 4.作状语： To have been waiting for hours,.she was very impatient.因为已经等了好几个小时，她非常不耐烦。 (观察试题) The old man seems (have been working)in this factory since he was young 解析：根据“since he was young”可知，“在工厂工作”这个动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续，所以 跟着课文学语法 冀教版（必修+选必修）47 用完成进行式to have been working。答案：to have been working 六、动词不定式在语篇中的应用 To achieve success in life,one needs to set clear goals.First,you should decide what to do and make a plan to reach your goals.It is also important to learn new skills and knowledge to improve yourself.Sometimes,you may face difficulties,but don't be afraid to try new things.To overcome the challenges,you need to work hard and never give up.With determination and the right methods,you can realize your dreams. 为了在生活中取得成功，一个人需要设定明确的目标。首先，你应该决定做什么，并制定一个实现目标 的计划。学习新技能和知识来提升自已也很重要。有时，你可能会面临困难，但不要害怕尝试新事物。为 了克服挑战，你需要努力工作，永不放弃。有了决心和正确的方法，你就能实现梦想。 (观察试题) According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Setting goals is not necessary for success. B.One should be afraid to try new things. C.To improve oneself,it's important to learn new skills. D.Giving up easily can help achieve goals. 答案：C解析：文中“'It is also important to learn new skills and knowledge to improve yourself.”表 明为了提升自己，学习新技能很重要，C选项正确；A选项与“To achieve success in life,one needs to set clear goals.”不符；B选项与“don't be afraid to try new things”不符；D选项与“you need to work hard and never give up”不符。 【总结】 熟悉“to+动词原形”的基本结构，以及“to”省略的特殊情况。 明确动词不定式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，根据不同成分的用法规则准确使用。 记住“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法，以及形式主语“t”代替动词不定式作主语的情况。 在阅读中，分析动词不定式在语篇中的功能；在写作时，合理运用动词不定式，丰富句子表达。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空 ①I have nothing (do)this afternoon. ②They got up early_ (catch)the early bus. ③The question is how_ (solve)the problem. ④My dream is_ (become)a famous scientist. ⑤She seems】 (be)happy today. 2.单句改错 1 I saw him to play basketball on the playground. 2 Let's to go home together. 3 He made me to wait for him for two hours 48语法点精准定位课文 习事半功倍 4 I don't know what should I do next. 5 To finish the work on time,so he worked hard. 3.完成句子 ①对我们来说，保护野生动物是很重要的。t's very important for us wild animals. ②她计划明年去国外学习。She plans_ abroad next year. ③老师告诉我们在课堂上要认真听。The teacher told us_ carefully in class. ④他足够大了，可以照顾自己了。He is old himself. ⑤为了赶上早班火车，他起得很早。 the early train,he got up very early. 4.语篇填空 When I was a child,my parents often told me 1. (study)hard.They said that knowledge could help me 2.(have)a better future.I wanted 3. (make)them proud of me,so I spent most of my time 4.(read)books.My dream was 5. (become)a teacher.To achieve my dream,I knew I had to work hard.I also tried 6. (join)some clubs at school 7. (improve)my skills.Now,I am on the way 8.(realize)my dream and I believe I will succeed one day. 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：todo解析：have nothing to do意为“无事可做”，todo作后置定语修饰nothing。 ②答案：to catch解析：此处to catch the early bus作目的状语，表示“早起”"的目的是“赶上早班车”。 3答案：to solve解析：“疑问词+不定式”结构，how to solve the problem在句中作表语。 ④答案：to become解析：动词不定式作表语，说明“dream"的内容是成为一名著名科学家。 ⑤答案：tobe解析：seem to do sth.表示“似乎做某事”，是固定用法。 2.单句改错 ①答案：去掉to解析：see sb.do sth.表示“看见某人做某事（全过程）”，感官动词see后作宾补的不定式省略to。 ②答案：去掉to解析：let's do sth.为固定句型，意为“让我们做某事”，let后接动词原形。 3)答案：去掉to解析：make sb.do sth.表示“使某人做某事”，make是使役动词，其后宾补用动词原形 ④答案：should I改为I should解析：“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语时，要用陈述句语序，应改为ldon't know what I should do next ⑤)答案：去掉so解析：To finish the work on time为目的状语，句子已有谓语worked,so多余。 3.完成句子 ①答案：to protect解析：根据“t's+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，填人to protect。. ②答案：to study解析：plan to do sth.表示“计划做某事”，故填to study。 ③答案：to listen解析：tell sb.to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，所以填to listen。 ④答案：enough to look after解析：“形容词+enough+to do sth.”表示“足够…能做某事”，look after意为“照顾”。 ⑤答案：To catch解析：用动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首表“为了赶上早班火车”。 4.语篇填空 ①答案：to study解析：tell sb.to do sth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，填to study。 2)答案：(to)have解析：help sb.(to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，to可省略，填(to)have。 ③答案：to make解析：want to do sth.是固定搭配，“想要做某事”，此处填to make。 ④答案：reading解析：spend time(in)doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，in可省略，填reading。 ⑤)答案：to become解析：动词不定式作表语，说明“dream"的内容，填to become。 ⑥答案：to join解析：try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，此处表示努力加入俱乐部，填to join。 ⑦答案：to improve解析：此处to improve my skills作目的状语，说明加入俱乐部的目的。 ⑧答案：to realizing解析：on the way to doing sth.表示“在做某事的路上”，to为介词，后接动名词realizing。 跟着课文学语法 冀教版（必修+选必修）49 Unit 4 Waves of technology v.-ing形式 一、v.-ing形式作主语 V.ig形式作主语时，视为单数概念，通常表示抽象的、一般性的行为或习惯，谓语动词用单数形式。其 位置可在句首，也可用it作形式主语，将v.-ing形式后置。 Reading al oud every morning is helpful for improving Engish.每天早上大声朗读有助于提高英语水平。 Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收，哭也没用。 Traveling abroad can broaden your horizons.出国旅行可以开阔你的视野。 (观察试题) English songs is a good way to improve your listening skills. A.Sing B.Sings C.Singing D.Sung 答案：C解析：此句缺少主语，v.-ing形式“Singing”可作主语，表示唱歌这种行为，符合语境。 二、v.-ing形式作宾语 1.动名词作宾语 v.ing形式（动名词）可作及物动词或介词的宾语。常见接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy(喜欢)、finish (完成)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)等；介词后也常接动名词，如be good at(擅长)、look forward to(期待)、 insist on(坚持)等短语中的to为介词。 I enjoy reading novels in my spare time. 我在业余时间喜欢读小说，(reading作及物动词enjoy的宾语) She islooking forward to meeting her dd friends. 她期待着见到她的老朋友们。(meeting作介词to的宾语)】 Ne should practice speaking English every day.我们应该每天练习说英语。 (peaking作及物动词practice的宾语) 2.现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行。常见的能带现在分词 作宾补的动词有see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)、find(发现)等。 I saw him playing basketball on the playground.我看见他正在操场上打篮球。 (playing与him是主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作) e heard her singing a beautiful song in the room.我们听见她正在房间里唱-首动听的歌。 (singing与her是主动关系，强调正在唱歌) (观察试题) -What did you see just now? -I saw some children games under the tree. A.play B.played C.to play D.playing 答案：D解析：根据语境“看见孩子们正在树下玩游戏”，强调动作正在进行，且children与play是主动关 系，所以用现在分词playing作宾语补足语。 50语法点精准定位课文 习事半功倍