专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义）九年级英语上学期仁爱科普版

专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-2 现在完成时 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 完形填空 短文填空等 1. 情境化聚焦生活：题干多依托 “校园活动”“日常经历”“社会热点” 等真实场景，考查时态与语境的匹配。 2. 辨析题占比提升：单纯考查现在完成时结构的题目减少，60% 以上题目需对比一般过去时，重点区分 “动作是否与现在有关联”。 3. 书面表达融合：高分作文要求用现在完成时描述 “经历、变化、影响”，用一般过去时叙述 “具体过去事件”，两者结合提升文章层次感。 知识点 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时用于表示： 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作/状态。 影响/结果： I have finished my homework.过去完成作业的动作，对现在的影响是 “现在可以休息了” 持续动作： He has lived in Beijing for 10 years.从过去开始 “居住” 的动作，持续到现在，已有 10 年 二、句型结构 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 have/has + 过去分词 She has finished her homework. They have lived here for 10 years. 否定句 haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 He hasn’t eaten breakfast. 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you seen the film? 三、动词过去分词变化规则： 规则变化：与动词过去式变化规则一致 规则 示例 一般动词：直接加- ed work → worked → worked； play → played → played 以不发音的e结尾：加-d live → lived → lived； like → liked → liked 以辅音字母+ y 结尾：变y→ i + ed study → studied → studied； carry → carried → carried 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音字母+ ed stop → stopped → stopped； plan → planned → planned 不规则变化：需特殊记忆（如：eat → ate → eaten, see → saw → seen, go → went → gone） 四、时间状语（标志词） 现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用： 类别 常见状语 用法示例 表“影响/ 结果” already、yet、just、ever、never ① He has already finished his work. ② Have you finished your work yet? ③ I have never been to Beijing. 表“持续动作” for + 时间、since + 过去时间点、so far、recently ① We have lived here for 10 years ② She has studied English since she was 5. ③ So far, we have learned 2000 words. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易混点 1：“for + 时间段”vs“since + 时间点” for：后接 “时间段”，表 “动作持续了多久” She has studied piano for 5 years. 她学钢琴已经 5 年了 since：后接 “过去时间点”，表 “动作从该时间点开始持续到现在” We have been friends since we met in 2018.自从 2018 年相识，我们就一直是朋友 易混点 2：have been to vs have gone to vs have been in have been to:去过某地（现在已回来） have gone to:去了某地（现在还没回来，可能在途中 / 该地） have been in:在某地待了多久（持续状态） 【即时检测】 —Where is Tom? I can’t find him. —He ______ the library. He will be back in an hour. A. has been to　　 B. has gone to　　 C. has been in　　 D. went to 【答案】：B（has gone to） 【解析】问句 “Tom 在哪？找不到他”+ 答句 “一小时后回来”，说明 Tom “去了图书馆还没回来”；has gone to 表 “去了某地（未回）”，符合语境；has been to 表 “去过某地（已回）”、has been in 表 “在某地待了多久”、went to 是一般过去时（仅述过去动作，不体现 “未回” 状态），均不符合，故选 B。 五、核心考点：延续性动词的使用 现在完成时表 “持续动作” 时，瞬间动词（不可持续）需转换为延续性动词，否则不能与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用。 常见瞬间动词与延续性动词转换： 瞬间动词 延续性动词 示例 buy（买） have（拥有） × He has bought this book for 2 years. √ He has had this book for 2 years. borrow（借） keep（保存） ×I have borrowed the pen since last week. √ I have kept the pen since last week. leave（离开） be away（离开的状态） × She has left home for 3 days. √ She has been away from home for 3 days. die（去世） be dead（死亡的状态） × His grandfather has died for 5 years. √ His grandfather has been dead for 5 years. begin/start（开始） be on（持续的状态） × The movie has begun for 10 minutes. √ The movie has been on for 10 minutes 六、比较一般过去时与现在完成时 现在完成时 一般过去时 定义 动作与现在有关联（影响/结果、持续到现在） 动作与现在无关联（仅叙述过去发生的事件，动作已结束） 时间状语 模糊时间（already/yet/since/for 等） 具体过去时间（yesterday/last week/2023/in the past 等） 提问方式 侧重“是否有影响/持续多久”（如How long...? Have you...?） 侧重 “何时/何地/做了什么”（如When did...? What did you do...?） 例句对比： · I have visited Beijing twice.我去过北京两次，现在仍有这个经历 · I visited Beijing last year.我去年去了北京，仅叙述过去事件，与现在无关 · He has lost his key.他丢了钥匙，现在还没找到，影响是 “无法开门” · He lost his key yesterday.他昨天丢了钥匙，未提是否找回，与现在无关 · We have lived here since 2019.我们从 2019 年住到现在，仍住在这里 · We lived here in 2019.我们 2019 年住在这里，现在不住了 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去时间点与现在完成时连用 ×： I have seen him yesterday. √： I saw him yesterday. 是具体过去时间，仅能与一般过去时连用 瞬间动词与时间段连用 ×：He has bought this book for 2 years. √：He has had this book for 2 years.将瞬间动词 buy 改为延续性动词 have 混淆 “影响” 与 “过去事件” × He has cooked dinner an hour ago. √ He cooked dinner an hour ago. 是具体过去时间，用一般过去时 【即时检测】 —How long ______ your father ______ in this company? —For 15 years. He loves his job very much. A. has; worked　　 B. did; work　　 C. does; work　　 D. will; work 【答案】：A（has; worked） 【解析】判断时态的关键依据题干中问句的关键词是 How long（询问 “动作持续多久”），答句是 For 15 years。根据现在完成时的核心用法 ——“表示从过去开始、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与‘for + 时间段’‘since + 时间点’连用”，可直接锁定时态为现在完成时。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Yuan Longping ________ to help people grow more rice since he was young. A．decides B．has decided C．will decide D．decided 【答案】B 【详解】句意：袁隆平从年轻时起就决定帮助人们种植更多水稻。 考查时态。根据“since he was young.”可知，since引导的时间状语从句中，主句应用现在完成时。故选B。 2．Frank is a book lover. He ________ five books since the beginning of this term. A．reads B．read C．has read D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：弗兰克是个书迷。自本学期开始以来，他已经读了五本书。 考查现在完成时。reads动词第三人称单数；read动词原形；has read现在完成时；will read一般将来时。根据“since the beginning of this term”以及选项可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选C。 3．—How long ________ you ________ the books in our school library? —For one month. A．have; kept B．did; borrowed C．did; borrow D．have; borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你在我们学校图书馆借书多久了？—— 一个月。 考查现在完成时和延续性动词。have kept现在完成时，保持；did borrowed一般过去时，借，但该形式语法错误（助动词 did 后动词应为原形 borrow）；did borrow一般过去时，借；have borrowed现在完成时，借。根据“For one month”可知，问句时态为现在完成时，所以排除B、C选项；再根据“how long”可知，问句需要用延续性动词，而borrow“借”是短暂性动词，keep“保持、保留”是延续性动词，所以此处用have kept。故选A。 4．My parents ________ for fifteen years. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母已经结婚十五年了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。married结婚，marry的过去式/过去分词；got married结婚，get married的过去式，表短暂性“结婚”动作；have married结婚，marry的现在完成时形式。marry为短暂性动词；have been married已婚，be married的现在完成时形式，be married表延续性“已婚状态”。根据“for fifteen years”可知，此处需与延续性动词的现在完成时连用，have been married符合要求。故选D。 5．My elder sister has ________ twice A．been to abroad B．gone to abroad C．been abroad D．gone abroad 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐出国过两次。 考查现在完成时和副词用法。been to表示去过某地，已经回来；gone to表示去了某地，还未回来；abroad是副词，表示在国外，前面不能加介词to。根据语境和选项分析，句子想表达的是姐姐去过国外两次并且已经回来了，所以应该用“has been+副词abroad”的结构，表示去过国外。A选项been to abroad中abroad前不应有to；B选项gone to abroad中abroad前不应有to，且表示去了还未回来，不符合语境；D选项gone abroad表示去了还未回来，也不符合语境。只有C选项been abroad符合题意。故选C。 6．—Where is Tom? —Oh, he ________ the library. A．has been to B．has been in C．has come in D．has gone to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Tom在哪里？——噢，他去图书馆了。 考查现在完成时的用法。has been to表示“去过”，回来了；has been in表示“已经在某地待了一段时间”；has come in表示“进来”，但“come in”常用于进入小范围空间；has gone to表示“去了”，还没有回来。根据“Where is Tom?”可知，他不在这里，所以要用has gone to。故选D。 7．We ________ hard since then. A．studied B．have studied C．are studying D．were studying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从那时起我们一直努力学习。 考查动词的时态。studied一般过去时；have studied现在完成时；are studying现在进行时；were studying过去进行时。根据“since then”可知，该句时态为现在完成时。故选B。 8．Mr. Li ________ English in our school for 15 years. A．teaches B．taught C．is teaching D．has taught 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李先生已经在我们学校教英语15年了。 考查现在完成时的用法。“for 15 years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Mr. Li”是第三人称单数，所以用“has taught”。故选D。 9．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从2019年以来，我们的学校生活改变了很多。我们现在有更多的活动了。 考查动词的时态。“since 2019”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Our school life”是第三人称单数，所以用“has changed”。故选D。 10．________ you ever ________ the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz? A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Have; read D．Will; read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你曾经读过《绿野仙踪》的故事吗？ 考查时态。根据“ever”可知，时态为现在完成时，所以助动词用have。故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11．Neither his parents nor he (reply) to his uncle’s email yet. All of them are busy with their work these days. 【答案】has replied 【详解】句意：他的父母和他都还没有回复他叔叔的电子邮件。这些天他们都忙于工作。reply“回复”，根据“yet”可知句子用现在完成时，neither...nor…连接的成分作主语时，遵循就近原则，根据“he”可知此处助动词用has，reply的过去分词是replied。故填has replied。 12．The price of gold (rise) a lot during the last six months. 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：在过去的六个月里，黄金价格上涨了很多。根据“during the last six months.”可知，时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为三单形式，助动词应用has，rise的过去分词为risen。故填has risen。 13．Mr. Yuan Longping (die) for three years, but people still remember him. 【答案】has been dead 【详解】句意：袁隆平先生已经去世三年了，但人们还记得他。根据“for three years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，且应用延续性动词，die对应的延续性动词是be dead，主语是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been dead。 14．He has just (reach) the grand old age of 95. 【答案】reached 【详解】句意：他刚刚到了95岁高龄。“has+过去分词”构成现在完成时，reach的过去分词是reached。故填reached。 15．So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 【答案】has turned 【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国已经将部分沙漠变成了森林。根据“So far”可知，该句是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是China，助动词填has，动词改为过去分词turned。故填has turned。 16．We (celebrate) the festival since it was founded. 【答案】have celebrated 【详解】句意：自节日成立以来，我们一直在庆祝这个节日。根据“since it was founded”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，后跟动词过去分词。故填have celebrated。 17．We Chinese have (invention) so many inventions in many areas. 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：我们中国人在许多领域创造了很多发明。根据“Our Chinese have...(invention) so many inventions in many areas.”可知，句子缺少谓语，空处应是动词，invention的动词形式是invent。结合“have”，可知句子用现在完成时“have done”，invent的过去分词是invented。故填invented。 18．I haven’t (see) you since last year, Li Lin. 【答案】seen 【详解】句意：李林，自从去年以来我一直没见过你。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。see过去分词为不规则变化seen。故填seen。 19．My parents have (travel) to many interesting places. They always share their stories with me. 【答案】travelled/traveled 【详解】句意：我的父母去过许多有趣的地方。他们总是和我分享他们的故事。travel“旅游”，动词；空前的“have”是现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词过去分词，所以空处应填travel的过去分词travelled或traveled。故填travelled/traveled。 20．In the past three years, the workers several new schools near my neighborhood. (build) 【答案】have built 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，工人们在我居住的附近地区新建了几所学校。根据“In the past three years”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词。主语“the workers”为复数，助动词应用have，动词build的过去分词为built。故填have built。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Mr. Smith and his family have ________ Bangkok for several days. A．arrived in B．been to C．gone to D．been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：史密斯先生和他的家人已经在曼谷呆了好几天了。 考查完成时态动词。arrived in到达；been to去过；gone to去了；been in去了某地多久了；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“在曼谷呆了几天了”，完成时态中表达“去了某地呆了多久”时用have/ has been in/ at的结构，所以这里用been in，故选D。 【点睛】现在完成时中的几个常用短语的区别做题时要注意。比如，have been in表示“已经在某地呆多长时间”；have been to“已经去某地而且已经回来了”；have gone to“去某地但没有回来或者在去某地的途中”。做题时要充分理解短语的意思和句意，本题中表达的是就是“去某地呆了多久”，所以用的是been in。 2．—We have________a number of wild animals because of the________of their living areas. —So it’s necessary to take action to protect wild animals A．lose; loss B．lost; loss C．loss; lose D．lost; lose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们失去了一些野生动物，因为它们的生活区丢失了。 ——所以有必要采取行动保护野生动物。 考查时态和名词。lose失去，动词原形；lost失去，过去式和过去分词；loss丢失，名词；根据句意理解可知，第一空是表达“失去”，句子用的是现在完成时，而空格前已经有have，所以后面直接用过去分词，lose的过去分词是lost，所以排除A/ C；而第二空是表达“丢失”，空格前有because of介词短语，后面要接代词或名词，所以这里需要一个名词，lose的名词是loss，故选B。 3．She ____ for five years and now she has a lovely son. A．married B．has been married C．got married D．has got married 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她结婚五年了，现在有一个可爱的儿子。 考查完成时态的延续性动词。根据句意理解及句中的for five years可知，句子应该用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，marry对应的延续性动词是be married，故选B。 【点睛】在现在完成时的句子中，如果句中有for引导的一段时间，动词一定要用延续性动词，有些动词是短暂性的，要注意转换成延续性动词，比如本题中marry就是一个短暂性动词，变成延续性动词要用be married。 4．—________ you ever _______ the movie Harry Potter? (哈利波特) —Yes. I ________ it last week. A．Have; watched; watched B．Did; watched; watched C．Have; watched; have watched D．Did; watch; watched 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《哈利波特》吗？——是的，我上周看的。 考查动词时态。根据第一句句意及句中的ever可知，这里应该用现在完成时，结构是have/ has+过去分词，主语是you，要用have+过去分词，疑问句把have提前；而第二空后面的时间是last week，所以应该用一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，故选A。 【点睛】英语中时态的选择要根据时间标志词来判断。第一句中ever是现在完成时的标志词，所以用现在完成时；第二空中有明确的过去时间last week，所以动词用过去时。 5．He has never__________ to another country A．gone B．been C．left D．got 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他从来没有去过别的国家。 A. has been to表示去过，表示人已经回来了;has gone to表示去了某地，说明人不在这里;left离开；got 得到；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是去过，英语中表达为has been to，所以选择B。 6．—Do you know how long China Grand Canal Museum ________? —For nearly three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open; opening B．has been open; opened C．has been opened; opening D．has opened; opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道中国大运河博物馆开放多久了吗？——近三年了。我记得它是在一个晴天开放的。 考查时态用法。第二空根据时间状语“on a sunny day”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，动词用过去式opened，排除A、C。第一空根据“how long”和答语“For nearly three years”可知，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。open作动词时为短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，排除D（has opened）。“has been open”中“open”为形容词，表示持续状态，可与时间段搭配，故选B。 7．Ben ________ in Beijing for 3 days, and he ________ soon. A．has been; is going to come back B．has gone; will come back C．went; comes back D．went; will come back 【答案】A 【详解】句意：本去北京已经3天了，他很快将回来。 考查现在完成时与一般将来时。has been to表示去过某地，已经回来或在某地待了多长时间；has gone to表示去了某地，还没有回来。由“Ben…in Beijing for 3 days, and he…soon”可知，第一空表示他已经在北京，并且这段时间已经成为了一种持续状态，应用has been；第二空应用一般将来时。故选A。 8．A new fitness center _____ for two months in Wanda Plaza, but I _____ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been opened; haven’t been D．has been open; haven’t been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：万达广场有一家新的健身中心已经开业两个月了，但我到目前为止还没有去过。 考查时态辨析。根据“for two months”可知，第一空的时态为现在完成时态，其结构为：have/has +过去分词；句中的动词要用延续性动词，动词open是短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间，排除AC；has been open表示“已经开了”，其中open是形容词，表示状态，可以跟一段时间。第二空中，has been to去过已回来，因为there是副词，to要省去。 故选B。 二、句型转换 9．我从小就喜欢阅读。 I reading since I was a child. 【答案】 have loved 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“喜欢”，对应的英语单词是“love”。又因为句中的“since I was a child”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，说明“喜欢阅读”这个动作是从过去持续到现在的，主语是第一人称“I”，因此用have。故填have loved。 10．I read this book yesterday. (用already改写句子) I this book already. 【答案】 have read 【详解】句意：我昨天读了这本书。根据“already”可知，题目要求我们将句子时态改为现在完成时。其结构为have+动词的过去分词或has+动词的过去分词。句子主语为I，所以谓语动词用have，后接read的过去分词形式read。故填have；read。 11．Jack has already been to Beijing. (改为否定句) Jack been to Beijing . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：杰克已经去过北京。原句时态是现在完成时，改为否定句时，需在助动词has后加not，has not可缩写为hasn’t；already常用于肯定句，在否定句中通常改为yet，并置于句末。故填hasn’t；yet。 12．自从改革开放以来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（完成译句） Great changes have in my hometown since the reform and opening-up. 【答案】 taken place 【详解】take place“发生”，句子是现在完成时态，其结构为have/has done，take的过去分词为taken，故填taken；place。 13．你最近在节食吗？ Have you recently? 【答案】 been on a diet 【详解】对照中英文，缺少“在节食”的英文表达。be on a diet“在节食”。根据“Have”和“recently”以及句意可知，该句使用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。be的过去分词为been。故填been；on；a；diet。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚60年了。他们在乡下过着平静的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。married一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；got married一般过去时，强调结婚的动作；have married现在完成时，表示已经结婚但不符合持续状态表达；have been married现在完成时，表示持续到现在的婚姻状态。根据“for sixty years”的时间状语，可知需用现在完成时表示持续状态。故选D。 2．—When will the men’s badminton group match between China and India begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 3:1. China won the game. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——中国对印度男子羽毛球小组赛什么时候开始？——已经结束十分钟了，以3:1结束。中国队赢了这场比赛。 考查现在完成时。start开始，延续性动词是be on；finish结束，延续性动词是be over。根据“China won the game.”可知，比赛已经结束，排除A项和B项；根据“for ten minutes”可知，时态为现在完成时，此处应用延续性动词，排除C项。故选D。 3．—Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them. —They ________ Inner Mongolia for their summer holiday and they ________ there for two days. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have gone C．have gone to; have been D．have been to; have been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——史密斯一家在哪里？我没看到他们。——他们去内蒙古度暑假了，并且已经在那里待了两天。 考查现在完成时。have gone to去了某地（未回来）；have been to去过某地（已回来）；have been in待在某地（持续一段时间）。根据“Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them.”可知，第一空表示“去了内蒙古”，还没回来，用have gone to；结合“for two days”说明第二空表示“已经在那里待了两天”，用have been符合语境。故选C。 4．—I heard the beginning of Little Me starred by Yi Yangqianxi is quite touching. —What a pity! When I got to the cinema yesterday, the film ________ for several minutes. A．began B．had began C．had been on D．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说易烊千玺主演的《小小的我》的开始部分相当感人。——太遗憾了！昨天当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始几分钟了。 考查过去完成时及词语辨析。begin开始，非延续性动词；be on上映，延续性词语。根据“When I got to the cinema yesterday”及语境可知电影在到达之前已经开始了，发生在“过去的过去”，所以此处时态为过去完成时，其谓语结构为“had+done”，而由“for several minutes”可知此处应用延续性词语，故选C。 5．Scientists ________ many tests to make solar panels ________ in the past few years. A．did; light B．did; lighter C．have done; light D．have done; lighter 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，科学家们已经做了许多测试来减轻太阳能电池板的重量。 考查时态和形容词比较级。根据“in the past few years.”可知，应使用现在完成时，结合“Scientists ... many tests to make solar panels...”可知，做了许多测试来减轻太阳能电池板的重量，语境暗含比较含义，故选D。 6．—Must I return the book this week? I borrowed it one week ago. —No, you ________. You can ________ it for another week. A．needn’t; keep B．don’t have to; borrow C．mustn’t; keep D．mustn’t; lend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我必须这周还书吗？我一周前借的。——不，你不必。你可以再借一个星期。 考查情态动词及延续性动词的用法。mustn’t禁止；don’t have to不必；needn’t不必。keep保持，是延续性动词；borrow借入，是短暂性动词；lend借出，是短暂性动词。第一空，以must开头的一般疑问句的否定性回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，排除C项和D项。第二空，“for+一段时间”要与延续性动词一起连用，排除B项。故选A。 7．The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _________ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven’t _________ there so far. A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：紫禁城，现在的故宫博物院，已经对公众开放八十多年了，但是我至今没去过。 考查动词的时态。根据“for more than eight years”可知，此句要用现在完成时，且要用be open表示“开放的状态”；根据“haven’t…there so far”可知要用现在完成时，此处指的是没去过，用been表示。故选B。 8．Ted’s father is a famous ________. He ________ many modern tools so far. A．invention; invents B．inventor; has invented C．invention; invented D．inventor; invents 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Ted的爸爸是有名的发明家。他到目前为止发明了很多现代工具。 考查名词和动词用法。invention发明；inventor发明家；invent发明，动词。第一个空“a”后接可数名词单数，主语是father，名词应该用inventor，根据“so far”可知， 第二句时态用现在完成时，谓语动词构成是has done。故选B。 9．I ________ here ________ the end of the month. A．stayed, until B．will stay, until C．will leave, until D．left, until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我将在这里待到月底。 考查延续性动词和时态。until直到；常与延续性动词连用；not...until直到……才，常与瞬间性动词连用。stay“停留”是延续性动词，leave“离开”是短暂性动词，排除C、D，根据“the end of the month”可知，时态用一般将来时。故选B。 10．Lu Xun _______ for about 80 years since his _______ in 1936. A．has been dead, death B．has been dead, die C．died, being dead D．was dead, died 【答案】A 【详解】句意：鲁迅于1936年逝世，至今已逝世约80年。 考查现在完成时用法。第一空根据“for about 80 years”可知应用现在完成时，和一段时间连用，谓语动词应用延续性动词，die的延续性动词为be dead，所以此空应填has been dead，排除CD选项；第二空his后加名词，death“死亡”是名词，符合题意，故选A。 二、单词拼写 11．—What (happen) to Mr. Li these days? I can’t find him. —He asks for leave because his mother is in hospital. 【答案】has happened 【详解】句意：——李先生最近怎么样了？我找不到他。——他因为他妈妈住院请假了。these days“最近，这些天”，表示从过去某段时间一直到现在，多用于现在完成时；结合答语可知，这些事情发生在过去并对现在造成了影响和结果“找不到他”，符合现在完成时的特点和语境；现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”，what作主语，助动词用has。故填has happened。 12．Daniel (travel) to a lot of places before, but Wuxi interests him most. 【答案】has traveled/has travelled 【详解】句意：丹尼尔之前去过很多地方旅行，但无锡最让他感兴趣。根据“before”可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Daniel”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“travel”的过去分词是“traveled”或“travelled”。故填has traveled/has travelled。 13．There (not be) much snow here in the past three years. 【答案】hasn’t been 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，这里没有下过很多雪。in the past three years是现在完成时标志词，结构为have/has done，主语是不可数名词snow，助动词用has，否定形式为hasn’t，be的过去分词为been。故填hasn’t been。 14．The Whites (plant) many trees in the garden since they moved here. 【答案】have planted 【详解】句意：自从怀特一家搬到这里以来，他们在花园里种了很多树。根据“since they moved here”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，主语为“The Whites”，表示复数概念，所以应填have planted。故填have planted。 15．John (depend) on himself since his parents________ (die). 【答案】has depended; died 【详解】句意：John自从他父母去世后，他一直靠自己。根据“since his parents...”可知，主句的时态是现在完成时，第一个空处用现在完成时have/has done，句子的主语是John，因此用has，depend的过去分词是depended，故第一个空填has depended；第二空表示过去时，从句用一般过去时，die的过去式died，故第二空填died。故填has depended；died。 16．I (not see) my friend for a long time. I (miss) her very much. 【答案】 haven’t seen miss 【详解】 句意：我很长时间没有见到我的朋友了。我非常想念她。根据时间状语“for a long time”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have；第二空“想念”的动作发生在现在，应用一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形。故填haven’t seen；miss。 17．Great changes (take) place in the last three years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：过去三年发生了巨大变化。根据“Great changes…(take) place in the last three years.”可知，此处表明时间是从过去延续到现在，因此使用现在完成时态，其结构为have/has done，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have taken。 18．With her help, my maths has (improve) a lot. 【答案】improved 【详解】句意：在她的帮助下，我的数学已经进步了很多。根据“my maths has”可知，空处填improve“提高”的过去分词improved，与“has”构成现在完成时。故填improved。 19．The city life he’s used to (make) him nearly forget about his hometown already. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：他习惯了的城市生活几乎已经让他忘记了他的家乡。该句是含有定语从句的复合句。he’s used to他习惯的，是定语从句，修饰名词life生活。主句根据时间状语already已经，可知用现在完成时，结构为：have(has)+ 过去分词。主语life是第三人称单数形式，故助动词用has；make让，过去分词形式是made。故填has made。 20．Our math teacher (teach) in our school for 20 years and he (come) here when he was 25 years old. 【答案】 has taught came 【详解】句意：我们的数学老师已经在我们学校教了20年了，他25岁的时候来到这里。根据“for 20 years”可知，第一个空是现在完成时，其结构是have done，主语“Our math teacher”为第三人称单数，助动词用has，动词teach“教授”的过去分词为taught；根据“when he was 25 years old”可知，第二个空是when引导的时间状语从句，时态保持一致，用一般过去时，谓语动词come应用过去式came。故填has taught；came。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike, why are you standing outdoors? —I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back. A．have lost B．will lose C．had lost D．lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Mike，你为什么站在门外？——我弄丢了钥匙。我得在这里等我妈妈回来。 考查动词时态。根据句意可知，弄丢了钥匙对现在造成的影响是站在门外等妈妈回来，用现在完成时have done的结构表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Where’s Mr. Yang? —He ________ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ________ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. A．has gone to; has been B．has gone to; has gone to C．has been to; has gone D．has been to; has been to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——杨先生在哪里？——他去了丹寨的龙泉山。 他去过那里三次，因为他喜欢当地的风景。 考查has been to以及has gone to的区别。has gone to去了某地（未回来）；has been to去过某地（已回来）。根据“Where’s Mr. Yang”可知，杨先生不在说话地，所以是去了龙泉山，还没有回来，故第一空填has gone to，排除C和D选项。根据“three times”可知，去过三次，且there是地点副词，前不加任何介词，用has been。故选A。 3．（2017·江苏泰州·中考真题）Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jim和Tom以前都没有去过澳大利亚，但是他们对那个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据句意可知，这里表示“去过某地”，先排除A和C。主语是有Neither…nor连接的，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则，与Tom一致，用单数，故选B。 4．（2016·四川达州·中考真题）— Please look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. — Wow, they are fantastic! A．have kept B．have bought C．borrowed D．kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看这些邮票，我已经拥有它们五年了。——哇，它们好极了。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间短语“for five years”可知，该句为现在完成时态，结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词，且句子的动词应为延续性动词。 keep是延续性动词，表示“拥有；保持”。故选A。 5．（2016·四川泸州·中考真题）—Jenny, when did you move here? —I ________ here for three years. A．lived B．moved C．have moved D．have lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——詹妮，你什么时候搬到这儿来的？——我已经住在这儿三年了。 考查延续性动词和时态辨析。根据时间状语“for three years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，排除A/B选项；因move（移动，搬动）是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，此处用延续性动词live。故选D。 6．（2017·四川德阳·中考真题）My mother has taught in this school ________ she was twenty years old. A．for B．until C．because D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我母亲从二十岁起就在这所学校教书。 考查连词辨析。for因为；until直到；because因为；since自从。根据“My mother has taught in this school … she was twenty years old”可知，从句是一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，应用连词since引导时间状语从句，故选D。 7．（2018·甘肃天水·中考真题）—When will A bite of China Ⅲ begin tonight? —It ________ for ten minutes. A．will begin B．has begun C．will be on D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今天晚上《舌尖上的中国第三部》将在什么时间开始播出？——它已经开始播了有10分钟了。 考查动词的时态。根据“for ten minutes”可知，答语要用现在完成时，排除AC；且要求句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，终止系动词begin不能跟一段时间连用。故选D。 8．（2016·广西·中考真题）—How long ________ you ________ Little Women? —I am due to return it in two weeks. A．have; borrowed B．will; lend C．will; keep D．have; got 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你借《小妇人》要借多久？——我预定两周后归还。 考查动词时态及动词辨析。borrow借入，短暂性动词；lend借出，短暂性动词；keep持有，延续性动词；get得到，短暂性动词。根据“how long”可知，此处应用延续性动词；根据“in two weeks”可知，此处是一般将来时态。故选C。 9．（2017·青海西宁·中考真题）His grandmother for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．has been died 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的祖母已经去世6年。他仍然非常想念她。 考查时态。die死，是瞬间性动词；be dead死亡，是延续性动词形式；根据for 6 years可知，与时间段连用，用延续性动词的现在完成时，故选C。 10．（2019·四川达州·中考真题）—Can I____ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs Zhao. —Sure, it’s very interesting, but you can only ____it for two weeks. A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrow C．borrow; keep D．lend; keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以借《鲁宾逊漂流记》吗？——当然，它很有趣，但是你只能借两个星期。 考查动词辨析。borrow借入，短暂性动词；lend借出，短暂性动词；keep保持，这里强调保管，延续性动词。Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe? 强调借入，所以前句用borrow；后句句中for two weeks是一段持续的时间，第二个空需用延续性动词keep．故选C。 5 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-2 现在完成时 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 完形填空 短文填空等 1. 情境化聚焦生活：题干多依托 “校园活动”“日常经历”“社会热点” 等真实场景，考查时态与语境的匹配。 2. 辨析题占比提升：单纯考查现在完成时结构的题目减少，60% 以上题目需对比一般过去时，重点区分 “动作是否与现在有关联”。 3. 书面表达融合：高分作文要求用现在完成时描述 “经历、变化、影响”，用一般过去时叙述 “具体过去事件”，两者结合提升文章层次感。 知识点 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时用于表示： 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作/状态。 影响/结果： I have finished my homework.过去完成作业的动作，对现在的影响是 “现在可以休息了” 持续动作： He has lived in Beijing for 10 years.从过去开始 “居住” 的动作，持续到现在，已有 10 年 二、句型结构 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 have/has + 过去分词 She has finished her homework. They have lived here for 10 years. 否定句 haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 He hasn’t eaten breakfast. 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you seen the film? 三、动词过去分词变化规则： 规则变化：与动词过去式变化规则一致 规则 示例 一般动词：直接加- ed work → worked → worked； play → played → played 以不发音的e结尾：加-d live → lived → lived； like → liked → liked 以辅音字母+ y 结尾：变y→ i + ed study → studied → studied； carry → carried → carried 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音字母+ ed stop → stopped → stopped； plan → planned → planned 不规则变化：需特殊记忆（如：eat → ate → eaten, see → saw → seen, go → went → gone） 四、时间状语（标志词） 现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用： 类别 常见状语 用法示例 表“影响/ 结果” already、yet、just、ever、never ① He has already finished his work. ② Have you finished your work yet? ③ I have never been to Beijing. 表“持续动作” for + 时间、since + 过去时间点、so far、recently ① We have lived here for 10 years ② She has studied English since she was 5. ③ So far, we have learned 2000 words. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易混点 1：“for + 时间段”vs“since + 时间点” for：后接 “时间段”，表 “动作持续了多久” She has studied piano for 5 years. 她学钢琴已经 5 年了 since：后接 “过去时间点”，表 “动作从该时间点开始持续到现在” We have been friends since we met in 2018.自从 2018 年相识，我们就一直是朋友 易混点 2：have been to vs have gone to vs have been in have been to:去过某地（现在已回来） have gone to:去了某地（现在还没回来，可能在途中 / 该地） have been in:在某地待了多久（持续状态） 【即时检测】 —Where is Tom? I can’t find him. —He ______ the library. He will be back in an hour. A. has been to　　 B. has gone to　　 C. has been in　　 D. went to 五、核心考点：延续性动词的使用 现在完成时表 “持续动作” 时，瞬间动词（不可持续）需转换为延续性动词，否则不能与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用。 常见瞬间动词与延续性动词转换： 瞬间动词 延续性动词 示例 buy（买） have（拥有） × He has bought this book for 2 years. √ He has had this book for 2 years. borrow（借） keep（保存） ×I have borrowed the pen since last week. √ I have kept the pen since last week. leave（离开） be away（离开的状态） × She has left home for 3 days. √ She has been away from home for 3 days. die（去世） be dead（死亡的状态） × His grandfather has died for 5 years. √ His grandfather has been dead for 5 years. begin/start（开始） be on（持续的状态） × The movie has begun for 10 minutes. √ The movie has been on for 10 minutes 六、比较一般过去时与现在完成时 现在完成时 一般过去时 定义 动作与现在有关联（影响/结果、持续到现在） 动作与现在无关联（仅叙述过去发生的事件，动作已结束） 时间状语 模糊时间（already/yet/since/for 等） 具体过去时间（yesterday/last week/2023/in the past 等） 提问方式 侧重“是否有影响/持续多久”（如How long...? Have you...?） 侧重 “何时/何地/做了什么”（如When did...? What did you do...?） 例句对比： · I have visited Beijing twice.我去过北京两次，现在仍有这个经历 · I visited Beijing last year.我去年去了北京，仅叙述过去事件，与现在无关 · He has lost his key.他丢了钥匙，现在还没找到，影响是 “无法开门” · He lost his key yesterday.他昨天丢了钥匙，未提是否找回，与现在无关 · We have lived here since 2019.我们从 2019 年住到现在，仍住在这里 · We lived here in 2019.我们 2019 年住在这里，现在不住了 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去时间点与现在完成时连用 ×： I have seen him yesterday. √： I saw him yesterday. 是具体过去时间，仅能与一般过去时连用 瞬间动词与时间段连用 ×：He has bought this book for 2 years. √：He has had this book for 2 years.将瞬间动词 buy 改为延续性动词 have 混淆 “影响” 与 “过去事件” × He has cooked dinner an hour ago. √ He cooked dinner an hour ago. 是具体过去时间，用一般过去时 【即时检测】 —How long ______ your father ______ in this company? —For 15 years. He loves his job very much. A. has; worked　　 B. did; work　　 C. does; work　　 D. will; work 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Yuan Longping ________ to help people grow more rice since he was young. A．decides B．has decided C．will decide D．decided 2．Frank is a book lover. He ________ five books since the beginning of this term. A．reads B．read C．has read D．will read 3．—How long ________ you ________ the books in our school library? —For one month. A．have; kept B．did; borrowed C．did; borrow D．have; borrowed 4．My parents ________ for fifteen years. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 5．My elder sister has ________ twice A．been to abroad B．gone to abroad C．been abroad D．gone abroad 6．—Where is Tom? —Oh, he ________ the library. A．has been to B．has been in C．has come in D．has gone to 7．We ________ hard since then. A．studied B．have studied C．are studying D．were studying 8．Mr. Li ________ English in our school for 15 years. A．teaches B．taught C．is teaching D．has taught 9．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 10．________ you ever ________ the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz? A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Have; read D．Will; read 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11．Neither his parents nor he (reply) to his uncle’s email yet. All of them are busy with their work these days. 12．The price of gold (rise) a lot during the last six months. 13．Mr. Yuan Longping (die) for three years, but people still remember him. 14．He has just (reach) the grand old age of 95. 15．So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 16．We (celebrate) the festival since it was founded. 17．We Chinese have (invention) so many inventions in many areas. 18．I haven’t (see) you since last year, Li Lin. 19．My parents have (travel) to many interesting places. They always share their stories with me. 20．In the past three years, the workers several new schools near my neighborhood. (build) 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Mr. Smith and his family have ________ Bangkok for several days. A．arrived in B．been to C．gone to D．been in 2．—We have________a number of wild animals because of the________of their living areas. —So it’s necessary to take action to protect wild animals A．lose; loss B．lost; loss C．loss; lose D．lost; lose 3．She ____ for five years and now she has a lovely son. A．married B．has been married C．got married D．has got married 4．—________ you ever _______ the movie Harry Potter? (哈利波特) —Yes. I ________ it last week. A．Have; watched; watched B．Did; watched; watched C．Have; watched; have watched D．Did; watch; watched 5．He has never__________ to another country A．gone B．been C．left D．got 6．—Do you know how long China Grand Canal Museum ________? —For nearly three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open; opening B．has been open; opened C．has been opened; opening D．has opened; opened 7．Ben ________ in Beijing for 3 days, and he ________ soon. A．has been; is going to come back B．has gone; will come back C．went; comes back D．went; will come back 8．A new fitness center _____ for two months in Wanda Plaza, but I _____ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been opened; haven’t been D．has been open; haven’t been to 二、句型转换 9．我从小就喜欢阅读。 I reading since I was a child. 10．I read this book yesterday. (用already改写句子) I this book already. 11．Jack has already been to Beijing. (改为否定句) Jack been to Beijing . 12．自从改革开放以来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（完成译句） Great changes have in my hometown since the reform and opening-up. 13．你最近在节食吗？ Have you recently? 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 2．—When will the men’s badminton group match between China and India begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 3:1. China won the game. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 3．—Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them. —They ________ Inner Mongolia for their summer holiday and they ________ there for two days. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have gone C．have gone to; have been D．have been to; have been in 4．—I heard the beginning of Little Me starred by Yi Yangqianxi is quite touching. —What a pity! When I got to the cinema yesterday, the film ________ for several minutes. A．began B．had began C．had been on D．has been on 5．Scientists ________ many tests to make solar panels ________ in the past few years. A．did; light B．did; lighter C．have done; light D．have done; lighter 6．—Must I return the book this week? I borrowed it one week ago. —No, you ________. You can ________ it for another week. A．needn’t; keep B．don’t have to; borrow C．mustn’t; keep D．mustn’t; lend 7．The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _________ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven’t _________ there so far. A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been 8．Ted’s father is a famous ________. He ________ many modern tools so far. A．invention; invents B．inventor; has invented C．invention; invented D．inventor; invents 9．I ________ here ________ the end of the month. A．stayed, until B．will stay, until C．will leave, until D．left, until 10．Lu Xun _______ for about 80 years since his _______ in 1936. A．has been dead, death B．has been dead, die C．died, being dead D．was dead, died 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11．—What (happen) to Mr. Li these days? I can’t find him. —He asks for leave because his mother is in hospital. 12．Daniel (travel) to a lot of places before, but Wuxi interests him most. 13．There (not be) much snow here in the past three years. 14．The Whites (plant) many trees in the garden since they moved here. 15．John (depend) on himself since his parents________ (die). 16．I (not see) my friend for a long time. I (miss) her very much. 17．Great changes (take) place in the last three years. 18．With her help, my maths has (improve) a lot. 19．The city life he’s used to (make) him nearly forget about his hometown already. 20．Our math teacher (teach) in our school for 20 years and he (come) here when he was 25 years old. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike, why are you standing outdoors? —I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back. A．have lost B．will lose C．had lost D．lose 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Where’s Mr. Yang? —He ________ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ________ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. A．has gone to; has been B．has gone to; has gone to C．has been to; has gone D．has been to; has been to 3．（2017·江苏泰州·中考真题）Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 4．（2016·四川达州·中考真题）— Please look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. — Wow, they are fantastic! A．have kept B．have bought C．borrowed D．kept 5．（2016·四川泸州·中考真题）—Jenny, when did you move here? —I ________ here for three years. A．lived B．moved C．have moved D．have lived 6．（2017·四川德阳·中考真题）My mother has taught in this school ________ she was twenty years old. A．for B．until C．because D．since 7．（2018·甘肃天水·中考真题）—When will A bite of China Ⅲ begin tonight? —It ________ for ten minutes. A．will begin B．has begun C．will be on D．has been on 8．（2016·广西·中考真题）—How long ________ you ________ Little Women? —I am due to return it in two weeks. A．have; borrowed B．will; lend C．will; keep D．have; got 9．（2017·青海西宁·中考真题）His grandmother for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．has been died 10．（2019·四川达州·中考真题）—Can I____ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs Zhao. —Sure, it’s very interesting, but you can only ____it for two weeks. A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrow C．borrow; keep D．lend; keep 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $