Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Starting out-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．the habitats of mammal animals　 哺乳动物的栖息地 2．a good appetite 胃口大开 3．economic chaos 经济混乱 4．the flu virus 流感病毒 5．decrease by 20% 减少了20% 6．traps used to catch cats 用来捕捉猫的夹子 7．collapsed buildings 坍塌的建筑物 8．substantial penguins 大量的企鹅 9．a shooting incident 枪击事件 10．owe me a favour 欠我一个人情 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．dramatically adv.显著地→dramatic adj.突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的 2．subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的，后来的 3．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 4．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护；保存；保藏 5．departure n．离开→depart v．离开，出发；去世；离职；脱轨 6．explode v．突然增加→explosion n．突增，猛增，激增；爆炸，爆破→explosive adj.易爆炸的，可能引起爆炸的；突增的，猛增的，激增的 7．intervention n．干预，介入→intervene v．干预 8．ecology n．生态→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n．生态学家 学生用书第120页 规律：-ic结尾的形容词变副词，＋ally 示例：dramatic adj.突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的→dramatically adv.显著地 scientific adj.科学的→scientifically adv.科学地 academic adj.学术的→academically adv.学术上 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．the halfway stage 中间阶段 2．cultural heritage 文化遗产 3．native inhabitants 当地栖居的动物 4．adult penguin 成年企鹅 5．an experiment with rats 用老鼠进行的实验 6．be covered in green vegetation 被绿色植物所覆盖 7．soil erosion 土壤侵蚀 8．immunity to infection 对传染病的免疫力 9．handwritten postscript 手写附言 10．garden pests 花园害虫 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．fail to do sth 未能做某事 2．in harmony with... 与……协调，与……和睦 3．in turn 相应地，转而 4．remove...from... 使……从……消失 5．decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… 6．owe it to...to do sth (认为)应该为……做某事 第二组　英译汉 7．develop an appetite for... 对……产生食欲 8．the number of... ……的数量 9．out of control 失去控制，无法管理 10．in consequence 结果 11．departure from... 离开…… 12．once and for all 最终地，最后地，彻底地 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式 　动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 教材原句　The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty． 绿草和光秃的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。 2．句型公式　否定副词位于句首引起的倒装句 教材原句　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 3．句型公式　with复合结构 教材原句　With this goal in mind，a virus was released onto the island. 怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。 4．句型公式　while引导时间状语从句 教材原句　But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.” 但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。” 学生用书第121页 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 appetite n．胃口，食欲 (1)have a good/poor/no appetite胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口 develop an appetite for...对……产生食欲 (2)have an appetite for... 渴望…… have no appetite for... 不喜欢…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Lots of students now have a strong appetite for knowledge. ②The young man has no appetite for meat because he has eaten too much recently. ③首先，你必须有求知欲。(应用文之建议信) To start with，you must have an appetite for knowledge． decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 (1)decrease from...to...从……减少到…… decrease to... 减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… (2)on the decrease 在减少中 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Compared with last year，the traffic accidents in the city has decreased by 30%. ②The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. ③As far as I know，the members of the association have decreased to three hundred. ④由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。(应用文之动物保护) →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease．(n.decrease ) →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is decreasing．(v.decrease) [名师点津]　decrease to/by...表示“减少到/减少了……”。类似的动词还有：increase，reduce，decline，drop等。 trap n．夹子，陷阱 v．使陷入困境；卡住，夹住；使陷入圈套，使中计 (1)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套 set/lay a trap for... 为……设圈套/陷阱 (2)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 be/get trapped in... 被困在……中 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① The shopkeeper was dishonest and trapped me into buying(buy) his milk that was of poor quality. ②Whatever you do，don't fall into the trap of thinking that you're always right. ③如果我没有和汤姆吵架，我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面对死亡的危险。(读后续写之后悔) If I hadn't quarreled with Tom，I wouldn't be trapped in this awful place，confronted with the danger of death. owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe sb an apology 该向某人道歉 owe...to... 把……归功于……；应感激…… owe it to sb that... 多亏某人…… (2)owing to 因为，由于 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Owing to the effective prevention，no more people are infected with the infectious virus. ②周五下午我未能和你一起去书店，我应向你道歉。(应用文之道歉信) I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 学生用书第122页 ③我把我在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于你的有用的建议。(应用文之感谢信) I owe my great progress in English learning to your helpful advice． Ⅰ.一词多义——trap A．n.陷阱　B．v.使困住　C．n.圈套　D．v.诱骗 1．Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. B 2．Were you just going to trap her into making the decision？ D 3．The only thing the wolf could do was climb up to the ground from the trap. A 4．The police set a trap to catch the thief. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The population has exploded in the last ten years.激增，突然增加 2．He collapsed in the street and was taken to hospital two hours later.晕倒，昏倒 3．It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.(使)繁殖，增殖 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：否定副词位于句首引起的倒装句 (教材原句)Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 在这里，他们能想象出本土动物，包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹，是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存几千年的。 否定副词置于句首，要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，not until，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，in no sense，in no way，in no case，by no means，on no account，at no time，under no circumstances等。 完成句子/句式升级 ①无论我们在哪里看到有人在痛苦，我们永远不能对那些需要帮助的人视而不见。(读后续写之主旨升华句) Wherever we see someone in pain，never can we turn a blind eye to those in need． ②这个可怜的人刚进来，保罗就立刻把门关上了。(读后续写之动作描写) No sooner had the poor man got in than Paul closed the door instantly. ③I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(读后续写之主旨升华) →Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句) →It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句) 学生用书第123页 句型公式：while引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.” 但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。” (1)while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。 (2)while引导让步状语从句，多置于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。 (3)while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。 语境辨义/完成句子 ①He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to music.然而 ②While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.尽管，虽然 ③趁热打铁。(俗语) Strike while the iron is hot． 课时测评13　Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas— Reading comprehension & Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：72分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　品句填词(每小题1分，共5分) 1．The shabby house collapsed(倒坍) before the soldier could help the woman out. 2．I can well remember the incident(事件) that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 3．It is significant to create homes for species that are endangered because of losing their own natural habitat(s)(栖息地). 4．His study is in chaos for his housekeeper gave up trying to put his papers in order. 5．Since childhood，he has developed a strong appetite for knowledge. 维度二　词形转换(每小题1分，共7分) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation(conserve) groups. 2．No one was injured in the explosion(explode)，but the ambulance was completely destroyed. 3．As the day set for departure(depart) drew near，I told my wife that I could not go alongside them. 4．With the introduction of the new machines，our production has greatly multiplied(multiple). 5．With so many years going by，our hometown has changed dramatically(dramatic). 6．Even though he subsequently(subsequent)became a successful businessman，he still lived a simple life. 7．It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological (ecology)improvement. 维度三　固定搭配和句式(每小题3分，共15分) 1．普通人都羡慕这位聪明人，因为他在任何情况下都能应对紧急情况。(fail to do) The ordinary people all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emergencies． 2．南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。[动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语] It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces． 3．在我一生中很少遇到如此果断之人。(部分倒装) Seldom in my life have I met such a determined person． 4．随着生存环境越来越恶劣，许多物种正在逐渐灭绝。(with复合结构) With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many species are gradually dying out. 5．当他在网上搜索信息时，计算机系统突然坏了。(while引导时间状语从句) The computer system suddenly broke down while he was searching for information on the Internet. 维度四　教材知识迁移 (每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Macquarie Island used to be a 1.harmonious (harmony) natural habitat with its native inhabitants. In 1810，humans arrived on the island，together with rats and mice which posed a huge threat to birds' eggs and baby birds.Cats were brought 2.to the island to get rid of the rats and mice.3.Unexpectedly (unexpected)，they also grew to be fond of the birds.At the same time，rabbits were introduced to the island as food for humans.They reproduced rapidly，eating native plants and digging holes，4.which caused soil erosion.The number of cats increased with the explosion of rabbit population.In turn，5.more (many) birds were hunted，eventually resulting in the extinction of parakeets. In the 1970s，the rabbits were out of control.Experts felt it necessary 6.to remove (remove) all the rabbits from the island.Therefore，a virus was released onto the island.Although the virus was effective，it also meant less food for cats，which turned their attention back to birds.In the 1980s，traps and dogs 7.were put (put) into use to catch the cats.With the disappearance of cats，the mice and rats started to increase.Meanwhile，there were still 10，000 or so rabbits which developed 8.an immunity to the virus，so their numbers exploded once again. In 2006，a substantial number of penguins were killed in the collapse caused by rabbits' 9.digging (dig).Consequently，a programme was launched to tackle the problem once and for all，aimed at removing the last 10.remaining (remain) invading species，and giving harmony back to the island.In 2014，Macquarie Island was finally on the way to recovery. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·广东省深圳市高二上联考) As climate change causes ocean temperatures to rise，one of Greenland's previously most stable glaciers is now reducing at an unheard-of rate，according to a new study. The study was led by researchers at The Ohio State University.The team found the truth.Between 2018 and 2021，Steenstrup Glacier in Greenland reduced about 5 miles，thinned by about 20% and doubled in the amount of ice that went into the ocean.According to the study，such a rapid change is so extraordinary among Greenland's ice formations that it now places Steenstrup Glacier in the top 10% of glaciers that contribute to the entire region's total ice discharge. Steenstrup Glacier is part of the Greenland Ice Sheet，a body of ice that covers nearly 80% of the world's largest island，which is also the single largest contributor to the global sea rise from the cryosphere (冰冻圈)，the portion of Earth's ecosystem that includes all of its frozen water.While the region plays a crucial part in balancing the global climate system，the area is steadily reducing as it loses hundreds of billions of tons of ice each year because of global warming. As far as scientists knew，Steenstrup Glacier had been stable for decades.It was hardly influenced by the rising temperatures that had influenced so many other regional glaciers，likely because of its special position in shallow water.It wasn't until Thomas Chudley，lead author of the study，and his colleagues collected observational and modeling data from previous remote sensing analyses on the glacier that the team realized Steenstrup Glacier was likely experiencing melting due to anomalies (反常现象) in deeper Atlantic water. According to Chudley，the current situation in Greenland serves as an early warning sign for possible future events in West Antarctica within the next few centuries.He also expressed the importance of conducting direct observations in the fjord to understand the reasons behind the changes observed in Steenstrup Glacier. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究表明随着气候变化导致海洋温度上升，格陵兰岛以前最稳定的冰川之一正在以前所未有的速度减少。 1．Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 2? A．To count the number of global glaciers. B．To show the severity of melting glaciers. C．To tell people the percentage of glacier water. D．To stress the consequence of global warming. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据首段内容可知，一项新研究发现格陵兰岛以前最稳定的冰川之一正在以前所未有的速度减少，结合第二段“Between 2018 and 2021，Steenstrup Glacier in Greenland reduced about 5 miles，thinned by about 20% and doubled in the amount of ice that went into the ocean.”可知，此处是用来支撑第一段的研究结果，证明现在的冰川融化速度加快，由此可知第二段的数据是为了表明冰川融化的严重性。故选B项。 2．What possibly makes Steenstrup Glacier stable for a long time? A．Its location.　　　　 B．Its content. C．Its sort. D．Its big coverage. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“It was hardly influenced...its special position in shallow water.”可知，很可能是因为它在浅水中的特殊位置，使Steenstrup Glacier的冰川很长时间处于稳定的状态。故选A项。 3．What is Chudley's attitude to the current situation in Greenland? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Confident. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Chudley认为格林兰岛目前的冰川融化现象是未来可能发生事件的早期预警，并提出对其进行直接观察很重要，以便了解发生在Steenstrup Glacier变化背后的原因，由此可知，他对Steenstrup Glacier当前的形势很担忧。故选B项。 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．A once-stable glacier in Greenland is now rapidly disappearing. B．The Steenstrup Glacier is the largest contributor to the global sea rise. C．Researchers try to enter Greenland to observe how it has changed. D．Glaciers play a crucial part in balancing the global climate system. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据首段内容可知，一项新研究发现格陵兰岛以前最稳定的冰川之一正在以前所未有的速度减少，结合下文中对该研究结果的分析可知，本文主要介绍的是一项研究发现格陵兰岛曾经稳定的冰川现在正在迅速消失。故选A项。 B (2024·黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学月考) The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought：a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9，200 tree species remaining undocumented.Most are likely in the tropics，according to the new research. The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors，who have categorized trees into two huge data sets：One，the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative，records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide; the other，TREECHANGE，puts together sightings of individual species.Together they suggest there are approximately 64，100 recorded tree species on the planet—up from the previous estimate of around 60，000. The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9，200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the database.Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare，found in limited numbers in small geographical areas，says the quantitative forest ecologist Liang Jingjing.“The team's result is‘a rather conservative estimate’，” Liang says，“because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon，where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.”“If we can focus the resources on those rainforests in the Amazon，” Liang adds，“then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.” Silman，a conservation biologist，who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate.He and his colleagues did local surveys which suggested there are at least 3，000 and possibly more than 6，000 unknown tree species in the Amazon Basin alone.Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance，he notes，so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity.Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.“How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon—or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization，disease，or absorption? How many‘species’ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet？” he says. Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out，Silman says.“Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered，” he adds. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究者们通过新的调查研究，得出了对全球树木生物种类的数量估算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种。同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马孙热带雨林里面，还有许多未知的树种等待人们去发现，他们也为此倍受鼓舞。 5．What is the finding of the new research? A．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified. B．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science. C．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge. D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The world's forests may hold...there are about 9，200 tree species remaining undocumented.”可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。 6．What can be learned about the research method? A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data. B．The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots. C．Inferring from the existing data is the main research method. D．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors，who have categorized trees into two huge data sets.”和第三段中的“The researchers reached their estimate of...rare ones already in the database.”可知，该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。 7．What does the underlined word“preponderance” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Majority. B．Evolution. C．Cultivation. D．Capability. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as the Amazon，where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.”可知，这里通过举例子说明画线词所 在 部 分 “scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon”所说的在如亚马孙雨林这样的地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，再结合画线词前边的“The team's result is‘a rather conservative estimate’”可知，此处指他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少。由此推测画线词表示“大多数”，与 majority 同义。故选A。 8．According to Silman，what could be one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species? A．Genetic analysis techniques failed to produce accurate information. B．Trees of similar sizes in the Amazon Basin are grouped together. C．Too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented. D．The local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.”及他的话可知，Silman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·山东省青岛市高二上期中) More than 40 percent of Antarctica's ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years，potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more landice to flow into the ocean. 1 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退)，ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise. Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving，which is when its front breaks off into the ocean. 2 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off. In West Antarctica，the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses，shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period.Most ice shelves in East Antarctica，however，increased in volume or stayed the same. 3 Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast，which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.Even so，the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves，and researchers are still investigating the reasons. 4 The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet，but it would be a remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. 5 But we don't need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet. A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment，too. E．Ice shelves，not just the big ones，are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally，climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed，eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的25年里，南极洲40%以上的冰架已经减少，这可能会使更多的陆地冰流入海洋，从而加速海平面上升。文章还介绍了这一现象的原因可能和气候变化有关。 1．答案：B 解析：下文“They play a critical role...more quickly and accelerate sea level rise.”说明了南极冰架的作用。空处引出下文，介绍什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文They所指代的对象，说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块，他们起着重要的作用。故选B。 2．答案：A 解析：上文“Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow...breaks off into the ocean.”说明冰架是可以自然地消退和增长的。空处承接上文，表明冰架会融化或崩解，也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和上文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。故选A。 3．答案：C 解析：上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica，however，increased in volume or stayed the same.”以及下文“Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast，which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.”说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变是因为附近的温水没有进入。空处承接上文，说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。故选C。 4．答案：F 解析：上文“Even so，the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves，and researchers are still investigating the reasons.”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。空处承接上文，F项中的One theory 和上文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应，表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水正慢慢进入该地区。故选F。 5．答案：G 解析：上文“The current ice shelf data set...were just that much larger.”说明虽然数据还不足以明确的将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来，但是因为冰架的变化非常大，所以还是推测和气候变化有关。空处进一步表明这一观点。G项中的Additionally和上文是递进关系，表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测出气候变暖让冰架不断减少，最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $